• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.257-260
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• 2004

This study aims to evaluate factors of ceiling structure influencing to the floor impact sound. For this reasons, we measured the vibration of ceiling and the floor impact sound by ceiling structure. The main results from this study are that ceiling structure makes worse to non-ceiling structure for an effect of air layer in heavy-weight floor impact sound. But it has an effect on light-weight floor impact sound about $2\sim8dB$.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.203-207
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• 2014

According to the advanced study, Increase of ceiling air space could cause increase of floor impact sound by air-spring effect. So in this research, we studied the increase of floor impact sound caused by ceiling air space in apartment buildings. At first, we evaluated the change of floor impact noise in the condition of with or without ceiling air-space. And then we installed perforated ceiling systems and glass wool at ceiling area. we expected that perforated ceiling systems could prevent air-spring effect in ceiling space. As a result, ceiling air space caused increasement of floor heavy impact noise about 2~4dB. But perforated ceiling & sound-absorbing materials system could give us reduction of heavy floor impact noise about 3dB. So this systems could be a good alternative to obey national regulations, because it can reduce heavy impact noise additional to floating floor systems.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2018

최근 슬랫형 천장은 음악전용공연장인 음악당에서부터 공항대합실을 포함한 다양한 규모와 용도의 건물에서 그 적용범위가 확대되고 있다. 그러나 이와 같은 구조의 활용에 따른 공간의 실내음향에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구가 거의 없어 공간의 계획 시 활용 가능한 자료가 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 1/20 축소모형실험을 통하여 shoe-box 형태의 소규모 공연장에서 슬랫형 천장의 적용이 객석의 음향에 미치는 영향을 측정 분석하였다. 실험은 슬랫의 간격 및 설치높이 변화의 조합에 따른 6가지 설치조건들을 대상으로 하였으며, 잔향시간 ($T_{30}$), 명료도 ($D_{50}$ 및 $C_{80}$), 그리고 음의 세기 (G 및 $G_{80}$) 측면에서 그 영향을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2017

Objectives: To relieve the financial burden faced by households, the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) system introduced a "copayment ceiling," which evolved into a differential ceiling in 2009, with the copayment ceiling depending on patients' income. This study aimed to examine the effect of the differential copayment ceiling on financial protection and healthcare utilization, particularly focusing on whether its effects varied across different income groups. Methods: This study obtained data from the Korea Health Panel. The number of households included in the analysis was 6555 in 2008, 5859 in 2009, 5539 in 2010, and 5372 in 2011. To assess the effects of the differential copayment ceiling on utilization, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments, and catastrophic payments, various random-effects models were applied. Utilization was measured as treatment days, while catastrophic payments were defined as OOP payments exceeding 10% of household income. Among the right-hand side variables were the interaction terms of the new policy with income levels, as well as a set of household characteristics. Results: The differential copayment ceiling contributed to increased utilization regardless of income levels both in all patients and in cancer patients. However, the new policy did not seem to reduce significantly the incidence of catastrophic payments among cancer patients, and even increased the incidence among all patients. Conclusions: The limited effect of the differential ceiling can be attributed to a high proportion of direct payments for services not covered by the NHI, as well as the relatively small number of households benefiting from the differential ceilings; these considerations warrant a better policy design.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.807-819
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• 2019

In recent earthquakes, the failure of ceiling systems has been one of the most widely reported damage and the major cause of functionality interruption in some buildings. In an effort to mitigate this damage, some scholars have studied a series of ceiling systems including plaster ceilings and mineral wool ceilings. But few studies have involved the backdrop metal ceiling used in some important constructions with higher rigidity and frequency such as the main control area of nuclear power plants. Therefore, in order to evaluate its seismic performance, a full-scale backdrop metal ceiling system, including steel runners and metal panels, was designed, fabricated and installed in a steel frame in this study. And the backdrop metal ceiling system with two perimeter attachments variants was tested: (i) the ends of the runners were connected with the angle steel to form an effective lateral constraint around the backdrop metal ceiling, (ii) the perimeter attachments of the main runner were retained, but the perimeter attachments of the cross runner were removed. In the experiments, different damage of the backdrop metal ceiling system was observed in detail under various earthquakes. Results showed that the backdrop metal ceiling had good integrity and excellent seismic performance. And the perimeter attachments of the cross runner had an adverse effect on the seismic performance of the backdrop metal ceiling under earthquakes. Meanwhile, a series of seismic construction measures and several suggestions that need to be paid attention were proposed in the text so that the backdrop metal ceiling can be better applied in the main control area of nuclear power plants and other important engineering projects.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2002

This paper describes the smoke filling process of a fire field model based on a self-deve-loped SMEP (Smoke Movement Estimating Program) code to the simulation of fire induced flows in the two types of atrium space containing a ceiling heat flux. The SMEP using PISO algorithm solves conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and species, together with those for the modified k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model with buoyancy production term. Also it solves the radiation equation using the discrete ordinates method. Compressibility is assumed and the perfect gas law is used. Comparison of the calculated upper-layer average tempera-ture and smoke layer clear height with the zone models has shown reasonable agreement. The zone models used are the CFAST and the NBTC one-room. For atrium fires with ceiling glass the ceiling heat flux by solar heat causes a high smoke temperature near the ceiling. However, it has no effect on the smoke movement such as the smoke layer clear heights that are important in fire safety. In conclusion, the smoke layer clear heights that are important in evacuation activity except the early of a fire were not as sensitive as the smoke layer tem-perature to the nature of ceiling heat flux condition. Thus, a fire sensor in atrium with ceiling glass has to consider these phenomena.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3747-3756
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• 2012

본 연구는 민간택지 분양가상한제 시행이 아파트 분양가에 미치는 영향을 살펴본다. 본 연구에서 수행하려는 실증분석은 분양가상한제 적용 아파트와 분양가상한제 미적용 아파트를 사례대상으로 선정하여 분양가상한제 적용여부에 따른 분양가 구성요소 및 분양가를 비교분석하고, 부동산 관련 전문가를 대상으로 분양가상한제 시행이 분양가, 주택공급량 및 주택품질에 미치는 영향과 분양가상한제 존폐에 대한 인식을 파악하는 두 단계로 구성된다.

• 문화경제연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.3-28
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 RIF 무조건 분위회귀에 Oaxaca-Blinder 분해기법을 적용한 분위회귀임금분해를 통해 문화예술분야에 유리천장 현상이 존재하는지를 규명하는 것이다. 문화예술전문인력들이 종사하는 산업의 특성을 고려하여 "문화콘텐츠" 분야(대분류 J산업) 전문인력과"순수예술" 분야(대분류 R산업) 전문인력으로 구분하였고, 분석을 위해 "고용형태별 임금근로조사" 자료에서 2009년부터 2016년까지의 풀링자료를 이용하였다. 주요결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, OLS 임금분해 결과 순수예술 전문인력의 임금격차의 크기는 문화콘텐츠전문인력에 비해 낮게 나타났으나 이를 구성하는 차별부분의 비중은 오히려 더 크게 나타났다. 둘째, 분위회귀 임금분해 결과에서는 문화예술영역의 전문인력에 대한 유리천장효과가 서로 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 문화콘텐츠 전문인력에서는 중위부분 이후로 임금소득의 상위분위로 이동함에 따라 꾸준히 차별부분이 증가하는 지속적인 유리천장효과가 관찰되었고, 순수예술 전문인력에서는 70분위까지 감소하던 차별부분이 80분위와 90분위에서 급격히 상승하여 제한적인 유리천장효과가 고위영역에 집중되는 것이 관찰되었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2016

본 연구는 조직 내에 존재하는 승진장벽 유발요인과 승진장벽 지각에 대한 직무몰입의 제고에 어떠한 영향관계가 있는가를 분석하고, 조직성과를 지방의료원과 민간의료원 종사자에 따른 영향효과 차이분석을 하는 것이 연구의 목적이다. 연구방법으로는 각 요인별 영향관계 규명을 위하여 구조방정식모형(structural equation model) 분석을 실시하였다. 특히, 공공과 민간의료원 종사자들 간 영향관계 차이분석을 위해 다중집단분석(multiple group analysis)을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 승진장벽 유발요인이 직무몰입에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증적 연구에서 고정관념과 조직문화에 따라 직무몰입에 영향을 미치며, 그 영향력의 크기도 다른 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지방의료원의 종사자들은 승진장벽 유발요인이 지각된 승진, 보직배치, 교육훈련, 포상, 근무평정 모두가 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 직무몰입는 승진장벽의 지각에 영향을 받을 것이라는 가설에 있어서 민간의료원의 종사자들만이 유의미한 결과가 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 의료분야의 여성종사자들이 고위 관리직에 더 많이 진출 할 수 있는 인사 및 제도개선을 위해 승진장벽 현상 인식 및 지위개선에 대한 정책방안이 필요할 것이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.121-142
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• 2016

The national standard being used in Turkey for suspended ceiling systems (SCS) regulates material and dimensional properties but does not contain regulations regarding installation instructions which cause substandard applications of SCSs in practice. The lack of installation instructions would potentially affect the dynamic performance of these systems. Also, the vast majority of these systems are manufactured using substandard low-quality materials, and this will inevitably increase SCS related damages during earthquakes. The experimental work presented here focuses on the issue of dynamic performance of SCSs with different types of carrier systems (lay-on and clip-in systems), different weight conditions, and material-workmanship qualities. Moreover, the effects of auxiliary fastening elements, so called seismic perimeter clips, in improving the dynamic performance of SCSs were experimentally investigated. Results show that clip-in ceiling system performs better than lay-on system regardless of material and workmanship qualities. On the other hand, the quality aspect becomes the most important parameter in affecting the dynamic performance of lay-on type systems as opposed to tile weights and usage of perimeter clips. When high quality system is used, tile weight does not change the performance of lay-on system, however in poor quality system, tile weight becomes an important factor where heavier tiles considerably decrease the performance level. Perimeter clips marginally increase the dynamic performance of lay-on ceiling system, but it has no effect on the clip-in ceiling system under the shaking levels considered.