• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.91-107
• /
• 2014

Using the principle of damage mechanics, zero-thickness pore pressure cohesive elements (PPCE) are used to simulate the casing-cement interface (CCI) and cement-rock interface (CRI). The traction-separation law describes the emergence and propagation of the PPCE. Mohr-coulomb criteria determines the elastic and plastic condition of cement sheath and rock. The finite element model (FEM) of delamination fractures emergence and propagation along the casing-cement-rock (CCR) interfaces during hydraulic fracturing is established, and the emergence and propagation of fractures along the wellbore axial and circumferential direction are simulated. Regadless of the perforation angle (the angle between the perforation and the max. horizontal principle stress), mirco-annulus will be produced alonge the wellbore circumferential direction when the cementation strength of the CCI and the CRI is less than the rock tensile strength; the delamination fractures are hard to propagate along the horizontal wellbore axial direction; emergence and propagation of delamination fractures are most likely produced on the shallow formation when the in-situ stresses are lower; the failure mode of cement sheath in the deep well is mainly interfaces seperation and body damange caused by cement expansion and contraction, or pressure testing and well shut-in operations.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.59-72
• /
• 2017

Purpose - This paper evaluated the efficiency performance of the three major maritime transport markets and examined the determinants of the performance. The firms' revenue fluctuates with the changes of the economic cycle; hence it is important for them to set up business strategies to improve efficiencies. A lack of efficiency measurements for shipping firms leads to a significant gap in determining their overall performance. Research design, data, and methodology - Each of DEA scores was adopted for the evaluation and panel regression was used to examine the impact of determinants on the performance. The analysis included 50 shipping firms from three maritime transport markets as follows; 15 firms of container liners, 18 firms of bulk carrier and 17 firms of tanker carriers, and its period was from 2010 to 2016. Results - In the CCR model, container liners were the highest, tanker carriers were the second, and bulk carriers were the lowest in operation efficiency and financial efficiency. By region, operation efficiency and financial efficiency was high in the order of America, Asia, and Europe. Conclusions - This study suggests business strategies for maritime transport companies based on the analytical results of determinants of operational and financial efficiency.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.255-262
• /
• 2013

Due to the competition between the various professional events, it is imperative for the team's management to improve efficiency by removing the inefficiencies of the professional team in order to gain a competitive edge. This study use different Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models to measure the efficiency of professional sport organizations. In this mathematical-analytical study, this study first reviews the related literature to analyze the input/output variables. In the end, the variables were detected and the data for this study were gathered from the Korean Basketball League (KBL). While previous studies examine relative efficiency of Korean Professional baseball teams by using CCR model, this study fully utilize the DEA method to investigate Korean professional sports organizations' operating problem. Thus, this study propose full results of DEA analysis such as efficiency score (overall, technical, and scale efficiency), slacks in inputs and outputs of inefficient organizations, Malmquist index) As a result, this study provides not only the exact productivity information of a team and a way of improving a firm's productivity with a decision maker.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.156-168
• /
• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR) extract on immune cells and cytokines in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. Methods : In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and handicapped by OVA for 12 weeks. During this experiment, the one group was then treated with PR extract for the 8 weeks (3 times per week) and analyzed by ELISA and flow cytometer. Results : In vivo, there were significant decreases in eosinophils, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) compared with that of control group. However, $IFN-{\gamma}$ in BALF of GS group increased significantly, compared with that of control group. Additionally, the population of $CD3e^-/CCR3^+,\;CD69^+/CD3e^+,\;IgE^+/B220^+,\;CD11b^+/Gr-l^+$ cells in the PR group decreased, compared with that of control group. Conclusion : The results of this study support a role for PR as an effective treatment for asthma in its experimental success in significantly decreasing inflammation and asthma reactions, and in increasing $IFN-{\gamma}$, which helps prevent such reactions.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.117-135
• /
• 2008

In order to investigate the efficacy of a combination of JBB as topical and HTGMB as internal treatment method, changes in various immune related factors and histological changes in NC/Nga induced animal model was studied. Combined treatment of topical JBB and internal HTGMB significantly reduced the atopic dermatitis clinical index, the number of immune cells such as CD19+, CCR3+, B220+/IgE+, and Gr-1+/CD11b+ in DLN and dorsal skin, compared to the control group. Otherwise increased CD3+, CD4+/CD25+, CD8+ and CD4+ cells in the DLN. And also combined treatment of topical JBB and internal HTGMB suppressed the lymphocytes and mast cells from infiltrating into the skin tissues when stained with H&E and toluidine blue. Based on the results above, it is strongly suggested that the combined treatment of topical JBB and internal HTGMB significantly induced anti-allergic activities through immune modulation. The findings can be applied to developing a more sustainable treatment for atopic dermatitis and be helpful in practicing combined treatments in clinical treatments in the future.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.1629-1639
• /
• 2016

This study is to estimate the production efficiency of abalone aquaculture and to find its determinants utilizing the survey data of operating expenses in 2015. The first part of the analysis applied both DEA and Super-DEA for the estimation of efficiency of each aquaculture household as DMU. We used wages, feeding costs and area as inputs and annual profits and sales as outputs of the model. The second part of the study applied both Tobit and OLS for the identification of determinants of the efficiency. We investigated cost-ratio, depreciation costs, careers, value of living seeds, cleaning costs of farming ground and a ratio of 1 and 2 year-old abalone at shipment as potential determinants. The estimation results show us that the average technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency score turn out to be 72%, 81% and 85% respectively. The Super-BCC and Super-CCR models reveal their average efficiency scores as 81% and 80%. All of the variables used to identify the determinants of the efficiency. The study results suggests that the production efficiency can be improved by cleaning farming ground and hence lowering the death rate of seeds.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2020

This study analyzed the management efficiency of local food stores that are increasing recently. The analysis targeted 25 local food outlets in Jeonbuk area, and the analysis method analyzed the efficiency by CCR model. The input variables used to analyze the input-oriented efficiency of local food stores are business expenses, employees, organizational number of participating farms, and number of items, and sales are used as output variables. The main contents of the analysis are as follows. First, local food outlets increased due to support projects such as the government, local governments, and agricultural cooperatives, but their dependence was high. Second, the management efficiency of 25 local food stores in Jeonbuk is 28.0% when the efficiency is 1.000, and 72.0% of inefficient local food stores. Third, considering the projection point and the reference group, there was room for improvement in input variables. Therefore, it was determined that improvement efforts are needed to secure the continuity of local food outlets in the future. However, this study will require review of variable selection and analysis methods for further analysis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.446-451
• /
• 2005

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Mominis Placenta herbal acupuncture solution(HP-HAS) on immune cells and cytokines in murine asthma model. In vivo C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA for 12 weeks. The experimental group was treated with Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture solution(HP-HAS) at P'yesu(BL13) for the later 8 weeks(3 times a week) and analyzed by ELISA, flow cytometer. The results were obtained as follows Eosinophils in BALF(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) of HP-HAS group decreased significantly compared with that of control group. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in BALF of HP-HAS group decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Number of $CD3e^-/CCR3^+$, $CD69^+/CD3e^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells in the HP-HAS group decreased compared with that of control group.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.161-175
• /
• 2021

This study analyzed the efficiency and influence factors according to the main research institute type of R&D Program for the local community problem-solving. This study applied data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and Tobit regression analysis by using 20 institutions that participated in R&D Program. The results are summarized as follows. First, Analysis results according to the research institute type of R&D project, Efficient DMUs showed more regional innovation institutions than social economy enterprises. But regional innovation institutions were the lowest in the CCR and BCC model. However, efficiency dose not differ between regional innovation institutions and social economy enterprises. Second, as a result of the analysis relation between efficiency and allocation characteristics of R&D input, the participation of regional innovation organizations as participating organizations has a negative effect on efficiency. It was found that the higher the proportion of government subsidies and the higher the employment rate of the vulnerable, which is a social achievement, the positive effect on efficiency. The implication of this study is that the participation of social economy enterprises as the main R&D institution and government R&D support can provide social economy enterprises with opportunities to accumulate R&D capabilities and experience successful commercialization.

• 동아시아경상학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to measure the efficiency of social security expenditure in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China and proposes corresponding improvement plans. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were obtained from the statistical yearbook of each province. The BCC and CCR models of DEA model and Malmquist index are used to analyze the efficiency, and the input-output index is expanded. Result - The results show that the social security performance of the Chinese government has improved on the whole despite the unbalanced development in different regions. Each region should look for strategies to improve the efficiency of social security according to its own problems. The study suggests that provinces affected by TCI should improve their internal environment, such as raising social security fund structure and strengthening fund supervision, to improve efficiency. Areas affected by TECI need to be more responsive to policy, socio-economic and technological development. Conclusion - The research conclusion can provide reference for Chinese provinces to improve the efficiency of social security expenditure in the future. This study is not comprehensive enough in the selection of input-output indicators, which can be further expanded in the future.