• Title/Summary/Keyword: cause of disease and pathogenesis

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여드름의 동(東)·서의학적(西醫學的) 문헌(文獻) 고찰(考察) (A Literature Study about Comparison of Eastern-Western Medicine on the Acne)

  • 주현아;배현진;황충연
    • 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2012
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate about comparison of Eastern-Western medicine on the acne. Methods : We searched Eastern and Western medicine books for acne. We analyzed these books and examined category, definition, etiology, classification, internal and external methods of treatment of acne. Results : The results were as follows. 1. In Eastern medicine, Acne belongs to the category of the Bunja(粉刺), Jwachang(痤瘡), Pyepungbunja(肺風粉刺). In Western medicine, the other name of Acne is acne vulgaris. 2. In Eastern medicine, the definition of Acne includes manual extraction of comedones and skin appearance. In Western medicine, Acne is a common skin disease during adolescence and a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit of self localization. It is characterized by noninflammatory, open or closed comedones and by inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules and it affects the areas of skin with the densest population of sebaceous follicles, these areas include the face, neck, back, and the upper part of the chest. 3. In Eastern medicine, the cause and mechanism of Acne arose from the state of internal dampness-heat and spleen-stomach internal qi deficiency due to dietary irregularities and then invaded external pathogen such as wind-dampness-heat-cold-fire in lung meridian lead to qi and blood heat depression stagnation. So it appears in skin. In Western medicine, the etiology and pathogenesis of Acne is clearly not identified, but there are most significant pathogenic factors of blood heat depression stagnation. So it appears in skin. In Western medicine, the etiology and pathogenesis of Acne is clearly not identified, but there are most significant pathogenic factors of Acne; Androgen-stimulated production of sebum, hyperkeratinization and obstruction of sebaceous follicles, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes and inflammation, abnormaility of skin barrier function, genetic aspects, environmental factors etc. 4. In Eastern medicine, differentiation of syndromes classifies clinical aspects, and cause and mechanism of disease; the former is papular, pustular, cystic, nodular, atrophic, comprehensive type; the latter is lung blood heat, intestine-stomach dampness-heat, phlegm-stasis depression, thoroughfare-conception disharmony, heat toxin type. In Western medicine, it divides into an etiology and invasion period, and clinical aspects; Acne neonatorum, Acne infantum, Acne in puberty and adulthood, Acne venenata; Acne vulgaris, Acne conglobata, Acne fulminans, Acne keloidalis. 5. In Eastern medicine, Internal methods of treatment of Acne are divided into five treatments; general treatments, the treatments of single-medicine and experiential description, the treatments depending on the cause and mechanism of disease, and clinical differentiation of syndromes, dietary treatments. In Western medicine, it is a basic principles that regulation on production of sebum, correction on hyperkeratinization of sebaceous follicles, decrease of Propionibacterium acnes colony and control of inflammation reaction. Internal methods of treatment of Acne are antibiotics, retinoids, hormone preparations etc. 6. In Eastern medicine, external methods of treatment of Acne are wet compress method, paste preparation method, powder preparation method, pill preparation method, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, ear acupuncture therapy, prevention and notice, and so on. In Western medicine, external method of treatments of Acne are divided into topical therapy and other surgical therapies. Topical therapy is used such as antibiotics, sebum regulators, topical vitamin A medicines etc and other surgical therapies are used such as surgical treatments, intralesional injection of corticosteroids, skin dermabrasion, phototherapy, photodynamic therapy, and so on. Conclusions : Until now, there is no perfect, effective single treatment. We think that Eastern medicine approach and treatment can be helpful to overcome the limitations of acne cure.

Amyloid Precursor Protein Binding Protein-1 Is Up-regulated in Brains of Tg2576 Mice

  • Yang, Hyun-Jung;Joo, Yu-Young;Hong, Bo-Hyun;Ha, Sung-Ji;Woo, Ran-Sook;Lee, Sang-Hyung;Suh, Yoo-Hun;Kim, Hye-Sun
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.229-233
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    • 2010
  • Amyloid precursor protein binding protein-1 (APP-BP1) binds to the carboxyl terminus of amyloid precursor protein and serves as a bipartite activation enzyme for the ubiquitin-like protein, NEDD8. Previously, it has been reported that APP-BP1 rescues the cell cycle S-M checkpoint defect in Ts41 hamster cells, that this rescue is dependent on the interaction of APP-BP1 with hUba3. The exogenous expression of APP-BP1 in neurons has been reported to cause DNA synthesis and apoptosis via a signaling pathway that is dependent on APP-BP1 binding to APP. These results suggest that APP-BP1 overexpression contributes to neurodegeneration. In the present study, we explored whether APP-BP1 expression was altered in the brains of Tg2576 mice, which is an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. APP-BP1 was found to be up-regulated in the hippocampus and cortex of 12 month-old Tg2576 mice compared to age-matched wild-type mice. In addition, APP-BP1 knockdown by siRNA treatment reduced cullin-1 neddylation in fetal neural stem cells, suggesting that APP-BP1 plays a role in cell cycle progression in the cells. Collectively, these results suggest that increased expression of APP-BP1, which has a role in cell cycle progression in neuronal cells, contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Mycoplasma pnuemonia 감염에 의한 중추신경계 합병증 2례 (Two cases of central nervous system complications caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection)

  • 김신미;허지승;심은정;이대형;조도준;김덕하;민기식;유기양
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제51권5호
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    • pp.533-537
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    • 2008
  • M. pnuemonia 감염은 사람에서 사람으로 전파되며 모든 연령의 소아에서 발생할 수 있으나 주로 학동기, 젊은 성인에서 하부 호흡기 계통의 질환을 유발하여 인두염, 기관지염, 모세기관지염, 크루프, 폐렴의 질환을 유발한다. M. pneumoniae 는 호흡기 감염 외에도 다양한 장기에 감염을 일으키며 합병증으로 다형홍반, Steven-Johnson syndrome, 수막뇌염, 무균성 수막염, 간염, 관절염, 심근염, 용혈성 빈혈 등이 발생할 수 있다. M. pneumoniae 의해 발생하는 신경계 합병증의 병태생리는 아직 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았으며 여러가지 가설이 제시되고 있다. 저자들은 M. pneumoniae 에 의한 중추 신경계 합병증으로 뇌염과 뇌경색의 각각 1례를 경험 하였기에 이를 보고하고자 한다.

Dexamethasone induces the expression of LRRK2 and α-synuclein, two genes that when mutated cause Parkinson's disease in an autosomal dominant manner

  • Park, Ji-Min;Ho, Dong-Hwan;Yun, Hye Jin;Kim, Hye-Jung;Lee, Chan Hong;Park, Sung Woo;Kim, Young Hoon;Son, Ilhong;Seol, Wongi
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제46권9호
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    • pp.454-459
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    • 2013
  • LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) has been identified as a gene corresponding to PARK8, an autosomal-dominant gene for familial Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 pathogenic-specific mutants induce neurotoxicity and shorten neurites. To elucidate the mechanism underlying LRRK2 expression, we constructed the LRRK2-promoter-luciferase reporter and used it for promoter analysis. We found that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivated LRRK2 in a ligand-dependent manner. Using quantitative RT-PCR and Western analysis, we further showed that treatment with dexamethasone, a synthetic GR ligand, induced LRRK2 expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels, in dopaminergic MN9D cells. Dexamethasone treatment also increased expression of ${\alpha}$-synuclein, another PD causative gene, and enhanced transactivation of the ${\alpha}$-synuclein promoter-luciferase reporter. In addition, dexamethasone treatment to MN9D cells weakly induced cytotoxicity based on an LDH assay. Because glucocorticoid hormones are secreted in response to stress, our data suggest that stress might be a related factor in the pathogenesis of PD.

생쥐 소교세포(BV-2)에서 우르소데옥시콜린산에 의한 iNOS 발현억제 (Inhibition of iNOS Expression Via Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Murine Microglial Cell, BV-2 Cell Line)

  • 주성수;원태준;황광우;이도익
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2005
  • Background: Inflammation in the brain has known to be associated with the development of a various neurological diseases. The hallmark of neuro-inflammation is the activation of microglia, brain macrophage. Pro-inflammatory compounds including nitric oxide (NO) are the main cause of neuro-degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is resulted in cell death. Among those pro-inflammatory compounds, NO contributes to the cell death by directly or indirectly. Methods: In the study, we examined whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a non-toxic hydrophilic bile acid, inhibits the NO production by a direct method using Griess reagent and by RT-PCR in the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In signal transduction, we also examined the NF-${\kappa}B$ (p65/p50), IKK, and I ${\kappa}B$, which are associated with the expression of iNOS gene using western blots. Results: In the present study, we found that UDCA effectively inhibited NO production in BV-2 microglial cell, and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation was reduced by suppressing IKK gene expression and by increasing the I${\kappa}B$ in cytosol comparing those to the positive control LPS. Conclusion: Taken together, these data suggested that UDCA may playa crucial role in inhibiting the NO production and the results imply that UDCA suppresses a cue signal of the microglial activation via stimulators, such as ${\beta}$-amyloid peptides which are known to stimulate microglia in AD pathogenesis.

결핵으로 인한 섬유화성 종격동염 2예 (Two Cases of Fibrosing Mediastinitis Caused by Tuberculosis)

  • 김기현;김호철;정만표;김호중;이경수;한정호;권오정;이종헌;한용철
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제44권5호
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    • pp.1146-1157
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    • 1997
  • 섬유화성 종격동염은 종격동 조직외 과다한 섬유화로 인한 종격동 구조물의 압박과 폐쇄로 비롯된 임상증상을 특정으로 하는 드문 질환으로 정확한 병태생리는 알지 못하나 육아종성 감염질환에서 비롯되는 것이 가장 중요한 원인이라고 알려져 있다. 미국의 일부 지방에서는 Histoplasmosis가 원인이 되는 증례가 많이 보고되어 있으나 결핵이 원인이 된 경우는 비교적 적다. 저자들은 결핵이 그 원인으로 밝혀진 섬유화성 종격동염 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Alkaliphilic Phospholipase B (VFP58) from Vibrio fluvialis

  • AHN SUN HEE;JEONG SEUNG HA;KIM JIN MAN;KIM YOUNG OK;LEE SANG JUN;KONG IN SOO
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.354-361
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    • 2005
  • Vibrio fluvialis, an enteropathogenic bacterium, produces a phospholipase which is thought to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of disease. In this study, the phospholipase gene (vfp) was identified from V fluvialis (KCTC 2473) and its sequence was determined. The entire open reading frame was composed of 1,689 nuc1eotides and 563 amino acids. The phospholipase gene (vfp) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli as a his-tag fused protein. This recombinant protein (rVFP58) was solubilized with 6 M urea and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The action mode of rVFP58 was determined by TLC and GC-MS, and it showed phospholipase B activity, which had both phospholipase A and lysophospholipase activities. The rVFP58 showed a maximum activity at pH around 9- 10 and temperature of about 40OC, and it was stable under alkaline condition over pH 9. The cytotoxicity of rVFP58 was evaluated, using a fish cell line, CHSE-2l4, and was found to cause significant cell death after 14 h of exposure to 250 $\mu$g of the protein.

Expression Patterns of Transposable Elements in Magnaporthe oryzae under Diverse Developmental and Environmental Conditions

  • Chung, Hyunjung;Kang, Seogchan;Lee, Yong-Hwan;Park, Sook-Young
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.38-43
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    • 2020
  • The genome of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae contains several types of transposable elements (TEs), and some TEs cause genetic variation that allows M. oryzae to evade host detection. We studied how five abundant TEs in rice pathogens, Pot3, Pot2, MAGGY, Line-like element (MGL) and Mg-SINE, are expressed under diverse conditions related to growth, development, and stress. Expression of Pot3 and Pot2 was activated in germinated conidia and mycelia treated with tricyclazole. Retrotransposon MAGGY was highly expressed in appressoria and tricyclazole-treated mycelia. MAGGY and Pot2 were also activated during the early and late stages of perithecia development. MGL was up-regulated in conidia and during conidial germination but not during appressorium formation. No noticeable expression of Mg-SINE was observed under most conditions. Our results should help investigate if and how condition-specific expressions of some TEs contribute to the biology and evolution of M. oryzae.

아토피 皮膚炎의 洋.韓方的 考察 (A Literature study about comparison of Eastern-Weatern medicine on the Atopic dermatitis)

  • 공남미;지선영
    • 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.241-253
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    • 1999
  • The results of the study about comparison of Eastern-Western medicine on the Atopic dermatitis were as follows. 1. Atopic dermatitis is chronic eczematous dermatosis which have severe itching, characteristic eruption, easily occur region and pass on chronic relapsing progress and have family history of Atopic disease and hereditary disposition. 2. Atopic dermatitis assume an remarkable clinical aspect and it's diagnosis depends on family history and clinical symptom. 3. In all cases of Western medical treatment is nothing but a symptomatic treatment because can not find out certainly the cause of Atopic dermatitis. 4. Atopic dermatitis is belong to the category of the 'Naesun(내癬)', 'Taeryumchang(胎斂瘡)', 'Samanpoong(四灣風)' etc. in Oriental medicine. 5. The etiology and pathogenesis of Atopic dermatitis in oriental medicine are congenital defect(稟賦不足), internal accumulation of damp and heat(濕熱內鬱), improper diet(飮食不節), exogenous pathogenic factors(外邪侵襲), etc.. 6. The treatments of Atopic dermatitis in oriental medicine are thought effective clear up heat and remove dampness with febrifugal arld diuretic drug(淸熱利濕), invigorate the spleen to resolve dampness(健脾燥濕), nourish Um and blood to relave dryness(滋陰養血潤燥), etc..

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플라보노이드에 의한 사람 Low Density Lipoprotein 변형에 대한 항산화 효과 (Antioxidative Effects of Flavonoids toward Modification of Human Low Density Lipoprotein)

  • 류병호
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.320-327
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    • 1999
  • The flavonoids are one of the most numberous and widespread groups of natural consituents. The low molecular weight of benzo-${\gamma}$-pyrone derivative are ubiquitous in plants and are vegetables nuts, seeds, leaves, flowers, and bark. The flavonoids constitute of a large class of compounds ubiquitous in plants containing a number of phenolic hydroxyl groups attached to ring structures conferring the antioxidant activity. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the dietary intake of antioxidants constitutes a risk factor for vasclar disease indicating that oxidation may be important in the pathogenesis of human athero-sclerosis. Elevated plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, LDL is oxidized by smooth muscle cells resulting in several chemicals and physical changes of LDL. Oxidized LDL is responsible for cholesterol loading of macrophages foam cells formation and atherogenesis. There have been insulficient tests of the protective effects of flavonoids against LDL oxidation to make definitive statements about their structure activity relationships. How-ever hydroxylation of the flavone uncleas can appears to be advantageous because polyhydroxylated aglycone flavonoids are potent inhibitor of LDL modification. This identification may lead to new and more effective antioxidant strategies for abrogating the atherosclerotic process the leading cause of death and disability in industrialized societies.

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