• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2010

The aim of this paper is to propose that a category P is encapsulated within a functional layer above the lexical layer, just like vP containing a lexical VP. As is well known, the category P has long been in the obscure domain of syntactic studies: Marantz (2001) and den Dikken (2003), for example, argue that P is a lexical category, but Emonds (1985), Grimshaw (1991), and Baker (2003), maintain that the category P is functional and is a closed category without its own intrinsic meaning. On the other hand, Zwart (2005) argues that it does have some meaning. Following the works of Svenonius (2003, 2006, 2007), and the spirit of Rizzi's (1997) split CP hypothesis, we elaborate and develop Svenonius' idea of split-pP analysis with detailed schematic representations of the novel examples in English, Korean, and Chinese in this paper. Unlike Svenonius, however, this paper incorporates KP into pP-Shell, which is a substantial simplification. Furthermore, Chinese Localizers that have long been considered as Postpositions are now under the category of Prepositions. This proposal renders an X-bar theoretic consistency over the categorical status of Chinese phrasal structures. In short, the present analysis accounts for inconsistency found in English complex preposition phrase (Quirk, et al, 1972, 1985), Chinese circumposition phrase (Ernst 1988, Liu, 2002) and Korean postposition phrase in a unified and consistent manner. Furthermore, by proposing a finer-grained phrasal architecture for the category P, the controversial status of the category subsides within this analysis.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was to identify Korean terms appropriate for a new scale using pain terms to assess the pain of the arthritis patients. Method : This study was conducted by secondary analysis of two previous studies, one from Kim's data (1994) and the other from Lee and Choi's(1988). The subjects were 482 patients with arthralgia. Data were analyzed by SPSS Win 11.0, for frequencies, percentages, and means. Results : Five pain groups were sorted out from the sensory pain category, three in the affective pain category, and two in the miscellaneous pain category by selecting groups of pain terms expressed more than 50% by all subjects. Local inflammatory repeated pain terms, simple irritative pain terms, superficial pressure pain terms, traction pain terms, and peripheral nerve terms were included in the sensory pain category, fatigue-related pain terms, digestion-related terms, and suffering-related terms in the affective category, and dull pain terms and body cavity pressure pain category. Among five sample groups terms selected by more than 3 groups with more than 30% of patients were dugumhada, sikungorinda, wooksinwooksinhada, nurudusi apuda, and dangginda in the sensory pain category; nogonhage apuda, gobukhada, and jajungsurupge apuda in the affecte pain category; and buctjockgigunhada and manjimyon apuda in the miscellaneous pain category. Conclusion : Ten pain groups were tentatively selected out of 20 pain groups; 10 pain terms composed of 1 pain term from each group were selected out of 90 pain terms from thesecondarydataofarthriticpainpatients. Implications More detailed clinical studies are needed for the refinement of the scale.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2019

Objective : Globus pallidus interna (GPi) is acknowledged as an essential treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Nonetheless, the neurotransmitter study about its results is undiscovered. The goal of this research was to examine influences of entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) stimulation, identical to human GPi, in no-lesioned (NL) rat and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HD)-lesioned rat on glutamate change in the striatum. Methods : Extracellular glutamate level changes in striatum of NL category, NL with deep brain stimulation (DBS) category, 6-HD category, and 6-HD with DBS category were examined using microdialysis and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivities in substantia nigra and striatum of the four categories were also analyzed. Results : Extracellular glutamate levels in the striatum of NL with DBS category and 6-HD with DBS category were significantly increased by EPN stimulation compared to those in the NL category and 6-HD category. EPN stimulation had no significant effect on the expression of TH in NL or 6-HD category. Conclusion : Clinical results of GPi DBS are not only limited to direct inhibitory outflow to thalamus. They also include extensive alteration within basal ganglia.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.173-193
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• 2019

Reward-based crowdfunding is a funding platform that allows funds to be raised to early operators who have lack of funds, and is seen as an outstanding infrastructure that is going to lead the fourth industrial revolution in that it is a field of realization of new technologies and creative ideas by start-ups. Reward-based crowdfunding has grown in line with the trend of the fourth industrial revolution, and funding success cases are taking place in various industries that culture/art to technology/IT, including as a new means of knowledge management in a rapidly changing industrial environment. The study focused on the fact that consumer's donation purposes may also vary depending on the category of projects classified as reward-based crowdfunding. Because consumer payment decisions and motivation of consumer purchasing behavior are classified according to the purpose of purchase, the previous papers that the goal gradient effect that the main motivation of consumer donation for reward-based crowdfunding introduced vary depending on project category of utilitarian and hedonic. In this study, consumer's daily donation data is collected by Indiegogo which is a leading reward-based crowdfunding company using web-crawling and the model was defined as propensity score matching (PSM) and random effect model. The results showed that the goal gradient effect occurred in utilitarian project category, but no goal gradient effect for the hedonic project category. Furthermore, this paper developed the study of motivation of consumer donation and contributes theoretical foundation by the results consumer donation may vary depending on the project category; also, this paper has implications for an effective marketing strategy depending on the project category leaves real meaning to the projector.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2008

목적 : 요통 환자에서 Sacro Occipital Technique(SOT)의 블로킹 기법을 침구 치료와 동시에 사용했을 때 Oswestry 장애 지수와 VAS의 변화 및 호전도를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 방법 : 요통으로 내원한 72명의 환자를 대상으로 SOT 기법을 통해 하위 세 분류로 나누고 이에 따라 SOT 기법대로 침구 치료 시 블로킹 가법을 함께 사용하였다. 처음 방문 시에는 치료 전에 설문지를, 그 이후로는 치료 후에 설문지를 기입하여 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 단독 침 치료군에 비해서 Category II와 Category III는 초진과 2차 방문 사이에 효과가 있었다. Category II는 초진과 3차 방문 사이에서 유의성이 더 있었으나 Category III는 유의성이 없었다. Category I은 단독 침 치료군에 비해서 효과가 없었다. VAS로 측정한 경우에는 SOT군 치료군 어느 군에서도 단독 침 치료군에 비해 통계적으로 유의미한 효과를 보이지 못했다. 결론 : 요통에 침구치료를 겸한 SOT 블로킹 치료는 선택적으로 효과를 보이며 그 가운데 Category II로 진단된 요통환자에게서 높은 효과를 보인다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to setup the basis on hospital and national nursing manpower estimation accurately according to apply patient classification system of Song's study to China hospital system. Method: This study was surveyed to 964 patients at surgical and medical ward on Yanbian University Hospital in China from 17th to 31th January, 2005. Results: There was study results to test hypotheses for estimating optimal nursing manpower as follows. First, a trimodel classification scheme was developed which suggested three categories of patients as minimal care(category 1), moderate care(category 2), intensive care(category 3). Second, there was not significant difference with nursing time by sex. Third, there was not significant difference with nursing time by medical wards. Fourth, there was not significant difference with average nursing care time for each category of patients. Category 1 was estimated to spend average 19.59minutes for patients, Category 2 was about 35.68 minutes, Category 3 was 72.07minutes respectively. Total nursing hours was 62,610 minutes. Conclusion: Patient classification system of Song's study is validity for optimal nursing manpower of hospital in China.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation category and items for architectural design assessment in attempt to improve design of small scale buildings within Se-Jong City. Some of the domains in existing design assessment are building design, function, environment, and technology. The category and items developed in this study however, is composed to aim for the building's qualitative design assessment. Therefore the architectural assessment tool in this study includes design assessment of the building. Also, assessment category was comprised to verify the design expression used in improving the function and environmental condition of the building. The study was enforced by extracting raw data from existing architectural design related cases. Classification system and assessment category was developed and presented through combination of expert advice, survey, and sample test. In result of this study, the composition system required for design assessment can be divided into five large classifications ; public and harmony, access, form, environmental design, and space. Total of 24 assessment categories are developed and presented. The assessment category and standard presented in this study reflects the distinct regional characteristics and originality of Se-Jong city, creating one of a kind design assessment tool.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.167-184
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data in child health education or counselling through content analysis related to child health in newspaper articles. Data were collected 8 daily newspaper by selecting health articles from neonate to adolescent period during 1 year from January 1 to December 31 in 1998. The data were analyzed in the framework of content analysis method and the reliability degree was 98% by the method of Holsti. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The frequency according to health category, disease treatment(46.7%) topped followed by health maintenanceㆍpromotion(28.0%), disease prevention(14.7%), growthㆍdevelopment(10.6%) 2. The frequency according to season, summer (36.4%) rank first. 3. The frequency according to WHO international disease classification, infectious disease (29.6%) take most. 4. According to child developmental age, similar frequency showed from infant to adolescent except neonate. 5. 201 themes, 43 category,4 health categories were confirmed in the content analysis. 6. Health maintenceㆍpromotion occupy 28.0% of health category include 14 categories. 7, Growthㆍdevelopment include 6 category occuping 10.6% of the whole health category. 8. Disease prevention occupy 14.7% of health category and contain 6 categories. 9. Disease treatment take top of health category by the rate of 46.7% and contain 17 categories.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2007

전통적으로 제조업체는 자사 브랜드를 중심으로한 매장관리를 원하고, 유통업체 입장에서는 특정 브랜드가 많이 팔리는 것 보다는 여러 메이커 브랜드가 뒤섞여 카테고리 또는 전체매장의 매출이 높아지는데 관심이 있다. 최근 이러한 유통업체와 공급업체의 인식차이가 카테고리 관리 개념에 의해 좁혀지고 있다. 본 논문의 큰 연구목적은 점포유형과 시장포지션에 따라 어떤 카테고리 전술 즉 제품구색(브랜드의 수, 카테고리 내 브랜드 간의 분산구조), 가격정책(정규가격수준, 가격변화율), 매장진열(매장진열재고량), 상품보충(취급율, 품절율, 재고소진일) 등이 매출성과에 영향을 미치는 가를 분석하고자 하는 것이다. 다양성 추구 카테고리 역할을 하는 네 종류의 샴푸, 치약, 세탁세제, 주방세제 카테고리에 대한 성과 및 전술들에 대한 데이터를 전국의 2,859개의 대형슈퍼와 15,565개의 소형슈퍼로부터 수집한 닐슨자료를 가설검정에 이용하였다. 회귀분석과 Chow Test를 이용하여 분석한 결과 대형수퍼-시장선도자의 경우 품절율, 진열재고량, 브랜드분산, 재고소진일 등의 카테고리 전술들이 카테고리 매출액에 유의하게 작용하였고, 대형슈퍼-추종자의 경우는 진열재고량, 브랜드분산, 재고소진일 등의 전술들이 매출액 변화에 중요한 역할을 하였다. 소형슈퍼-시장선도자와 소형슈퍼-추종자의 경우는 동일하게 취급율, 진열재고량, 브랜드분산, 재고소진일 등의 카테고리 전술들이 카테고리 매출액에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 기대와는 달리 브랜드의 수와 가격정책은 점포유형과 시장포지션에 상관없이 모두 중요하게 작용하지 못하였다. 본 논문은 공급업체들이 왜 경쟁업체보다 시장에서 더 나은 또는 더 못한 성과를 얻는지를 파악할 수 있고 더 나아가 공급업체의 제한된 자원을 점포유형과 시장포지션에 따라 어떤 카테고리전술을 이용하여 재분배할 수 있는가에 대한 지침을 제공한다.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2015

In this paper, we obtain two types of adjoint functors between the category of intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces in Mondal and Samanta’s sense, and the category of intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces in Ŝostak’s sense. Also, we reveal that the category of Chang’s fuzzy topological spaces is a bireflective full subcategory of the category of intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces in Mondal and Samanta’s sense.