• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2021

Caseous lymphadenitis, caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis has been a predominant disease among small ruminants on farms, causing significant losses for farm producer in the larger part of goat rearing nations across the world, for over a century. However, the control measures have not been very effective due to the chronic and usually subclinical nature of the infection. This has caused significant financial losses due to chronic ill-thrift, carcass condemnation, decreased meat yields and low reproduction as well as animal welfare. The current status of caseous lymphadenitis, with updated reseach information to the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, identification, prevalence, prevention and vaccination are delineated in the review.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2010

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic and contagious disease of sheep and goats caused by Corynebacterium (C.) pseudotuberculosis. A four-year-old female Saanen dairy goat was submitted to the Animal Disease Diagnostic Center at National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service. The clinical signs of the goat were emaciation, abortion and quadriplegia. The multifocal nodules of lymph nodes were encapsulated and filled with whitish caseous contents on the cut surface. Histopathologically, lymph nodes displayed suppurative and necrotizing granulomas. Caseous necrosis was diffusely observed in the center of the lymph nodes. Gram positive bacilli were shown in the lesions. C. pseudotuberculosis was isolated and confirmed by the biochemical tests and PCR assay. Based on clinical signs, histopathological examination and bacterial isolation, we diagnosed this case as CLA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CLA in a Saanen dairy goat in Korea.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2021

The study characterized Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) from caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in Korean native goats (KNG). CLA samples (n=191) were obtained from abattoir-slaughtered KNG. Pus were obtained and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was detected by PCR using PLD gene. Three PLD-negative samples (1.57%) from supramammary lymph node were subjected to bacterial culture. Isolates were identified using 16S rRNA and biochemically characterized by APIZYM. Phylogenetic and biochemical analyses identified the isolates as T. pyogenes, and have shown separate clusters and varied enzyme reaction, suggesting genotypic and phenotypic diversity. This first report of T. pyogenes-induced CLA in KNG provided information for further investigations.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2023

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is an endemic but not well-studied disease of Korean native goats (KNG) in Korea. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of the contagious and chronic CLA found in goats. This study aimed to validate the potential risk factors associated with CLA and assess its seasonal prevalence to mitigate this disease in KNG. Data were collected through a questionnaire from four high- and four low-prevalence farms randomly selected based on a prior investigation. The monthly assessments of CLA were conducted in a goat abattoir located in Jeonnam Province, Korea, to evaluate its seasonal prevalence. The associated risk factors for CLA in KNG herds imply that herd size, scratching against pillars, pipes, or walls in the herd, and disinfection of goat herds are potential risk factors for CLA (P<0.05). The type of floor and entry of new goats into the herd, which are potential risk factors, affected CLA prevalence in the KNG herd (P<0.2). The prevalence of CLA in KNG was significantly higher in spring (29.34%) than in autumn (14.61%), summer (15.31%), and winter (19.48%) (P<0.05). Based on the risk factor assessment, attention should be to establishing accurate preventive measures by avoiding these identified potential risk factors.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2001

Tuberculous lymphadenitis is not uncommon in Korea. Therefore, an inexpensive, safe and rapid method is needed to diagnose the tuberculous lymphadenitis. Flne needle aspiration cytology Is a good method for this purpose, but has several limitations in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis, especially when the presence of acid-fast bacilli is not proved. To evaluation the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction with enzyme immunoassay technique in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) In the cervical Iymph node asplrates, the authors performed fine needle aspiration cytology and M. tuberculosis PCR with enzyme immunoassay for mycobacterial DNA sequences from 15 cases of the fine needle aspirates. Cytomorphologically, the cases were categorized into three types: predominantly necrotic materials; typical epithelioid cell granulomas with or without slant cells and caseous necrosis; and non-tuberculous lesions, such as reactive lymphadenitis, abscess, metastatic carcinoma and malignant lymphoma. M. tuberculosis DNA was found in 8 of 15 cases by PCR with enzyme immunoassay. Negative findings on PCR were achieved in 7 cases, which revealed non-tuberculous tymphadenopathy. In conclusion, we suggest that M. tuberculosis PCR with enzyme immunoassay using the fine needle aspirates is a very useful tool for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.705-707
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• 2010

Purpose: Tuberculous lymphadenitis constitutes about 30% of all types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Cervical lymphadenitis is the commonest form (70%), followed by axillary and inguinal. But inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis is rare form. Especially isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis was seldom reported. In Korea, that case was not reported. This case emphasizes the need for awareness of tuberculosis as a possible cause of isolated inguinal adenitis. Methods: We experienced one case of isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. We analyzed clinical features, preoperative assessments and method of treatments. Results: A 37-year-old female patient presented with a painless swelling in the left inguinal region of 12 month's duration. There was no history of urethral discharge, dysuria, genital sores, unprotected sexual contacts or trauma. Examination revealed enlarged left inguinal lymph nodes, $2{\times}1\;cm$, non-tender and firm mass. The external iliac, popliteal, right inguinal and other groups of lymph nodes were normal. Serologic tests, urinary tests and chest radiologic test were normal. The excision of mass was performed under the general anesthesia. A excisional biopsy showed chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis, consistent with tuberculosis. After excision, the primary repair was done and completely healed on postoperative 25 days. Conclusion: The isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis was rare form of inguinal suppurative mass. Although medical management is the principal mode of therapy of tuberculous adenitis and surgery is rarely necessary, we didn't consider the possibility of tuberculous lymphadenitis in our case. A high index of suspicion is essential for a diagnosis of isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Our case emphasizes this importance and illustrates the need for awareness of tuberculosis as a possible cause of isolated inguinal adenitis.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2013

Although culture is the gold standard method to identify mycobacteria, its use in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) is limited due to formalin fixation of the submitted specimens. We evaluated the performance of quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) in granulomatous lymphadenitis using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. From 2000 to 2010, a total number of 117 cases of lymph node samples with granulomatous inflammation which were surgically removed and fixed in formalin were studied. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and Ziehl-Neelsen-stained (ZN) slides were reviewed. qPCR using Real TB-Taq$^{(R)}$ was performed for all cases to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thirteen non-tuberculous lymphadenopathy cases were used as negative control. Cervical lymph nodes were more frequently affected (60%, 70/117) than other sites. ZN stain for acid fast bacilli was positive in 19 (16.24%) cases. qPCR for tuberculosis was positive in 92 (78.63%) cases. Caseous necrosis was found in 103 (88.03%) cases. While the ZN stain and qPCR were both negative in all control cases, the qPCR showed a significantly higher positive rate (78.63% vs. 16.24%) compared to ZN stain in histologically diagnosed TBL. Quantitative real-time PCR proves to be more sensitive than ZN stain for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2022

최근 국내의 흑염소 사육량과 소비량이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 흑염소 사육방식 또한 대량화, 밀집화 형태로 변화하는 추세이며, 이에 따라 다양한 전염성 질병이 흑염소 농장에 발생하고 있다. 그중 소형 반추류에 발생하는 건락성 림프절염은 국내 흑염소 농장에서 유병률이 50% 이상에 이를 정도로 빈발하고 있으나 현재 마땅한 제어 방법이 없는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 흑염소의 대표적인 세균성 질병인 건락성 림프절염의 제어를 위한 노력의 일환으로 원인균인 Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis(C. pseudotuberculosis)에 효과적인 소독제를 확인하고자 하였다. 국내 시판되고 있는 축산용 소독제를 유효성분으로 구분하여 6종의 소독제에 대하여 소독제 효력시험을 수행하였다. 실험 대상으로 선정된 6종의 소독제는 산성제(구연산, Citric acid), 할로겐계(이염화이소시아눌산나트륨, Sodium dichloroisocyanurate), 산소계(모노과황산칼륨화합물, Potassium monopersulfate triple salt), 염기제(황산구리수화물, Copper sulfate pentahydrate), 양이온성 세정제(4급 암모늄, Dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), 염소계(차아염소산나트륨, Sodium hypochlorite)이다. 농림축산검역본부 소독제 효력시험지침에 준하여 실험한 결과, 경수 조건에서는 황산구리수화물을 제외한 모든 소독제가 소독제 효력시험지침에서 제시하는 기준인 99.99% 이상의 살균력을 보였으며, 유기물 조건에서 구연산, 모노과황산칼륨 화합물 및 4급 암모늄 제재의 3종만이 99.99% 이상의 살균력을 보였다. 표준 효력시험지침(30분)보다 짧은 시간(1분, 5분, 15분) 동안 처리 후 살균력을 확인하였을 때, 경수 조건에서는 이염화이소시아눌산나트륨, 모노과황산칼륨 화합물, 차아염소산나트륨 제재가 가장 효과가 좋았으며 1분간 처리 시에도 99.99% 이상의 살균력을 보였다. 유기물 조건의 경우에는 구연산과 4급 암모늄 제재가 가장 효과가 높았으며 5분간 처리 시에도 99.99% 이상 또는 근접하는 살균력을 유지하였다. 본 실험 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 축산용 소독제의 유효성분에 따라 C. pseudotuberculosis에 대한 살균력에 차이가 있으며 경수 및 유기물 조건에 따른 차이도 확인된다. 따라서 C. pseudotuberculosis에 효과적인 소독제 선정 및 활용을 통하여 흑염소 농장 내 환경 오염을 방지한다면 건락성 림프절염 저감화에 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권5호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2011

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in the involved organ. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by $Mycobacterium$ $tuberculosis$ and is characterized by granuloma with caseous necrosis. The clinical and histological similarity between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis has stimulated research searching for an association between mycobacterium and sarcoidosis. We report a case of a 38-year-old male with sarcoidosis that developed soon after treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis. He was diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis by microbiological confirmation. He showed clinical improvement after treatment for tuberculosis. One year later, his chest radiography showed bilateral hilar enlargement with diffuse bilateral nodules. A noncaseating granuloma was confirmed by endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration and he was diagnosed with sarcoidosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing sarcoidosis after treatment of tuberculosis in South Korea.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2000

Objectives: Despite of high prevalence of tuberculosis in Korea, thyroid tuberculosis is very rare and only a few records are available. This study was carried out to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of thyroid tuberculosis and to find out optimal therapeutic strategies for these lesions. Materials & Methods: From Jan. 1986 to July. 2000, of 5,493 patients who were underwent thyroidectomy, only 8(0.14%) had discovered to have thyroid tuberculosis. The medical records of them were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were one man and seven women with a mean age of 40.3 years. Only one had tuberculosis sequalae on chest X-ray and two had past history of tuberculous lymphadenitis. However, none of them had symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis. Most frequent symptom was palpable neck mass. The preoperative U/S, CT and FNAB failed to diagnose thyroid tuberculosis. The pathologic reports were chronic granulomatous thyroiditis with caseous necrosis in all the cases and AFB stain was positve in 5 cases. All cases were successfully treated by surgical resection and anti-Tbc. medications. Conclusions: The incidence of thyroid tuberculosis was extremely low and most of them have been presented as a palpable neck mass especially in relatively young-aged female patients. Although any diagnosis for thyroid tuberculosis prior to microscopical study of tissue removed at operation was not yielded, the preoperative diagnostic workups will be available with experience. Surgical resection and anti- Tbc medication would be the choice in the management of thyroid tuberculosis.