• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.675-690
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• 1998

A role of singletons in quantum central limit theorems is studied. A common feature of quantum central limit distributions, the singleton condition which guarantees the symmetry of the limit distributions, is revisited in the category of discrete groups and monoids. Introducing a general notion of quantum independence, the singleton independence which include the singleton condition as an extremal case, we clarify the role of singletons and investigate the mechanism of arising non-symmetric limit distributions.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.239-281
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• 2003

This study explored the patterns of activities and interactions among participants in the adoption process of a new system innovation, ADSL, in Korea, using an integrative framework of innovation system and strategic decision-making process for uncertainty reduction. An in-depth case analysis was undertaken to identify the adoption process of ADSL innovation, as a case in point, in conjunction with activities and interactions among related parties such as government, service providers, equipment suppliers, and content providers. The results of case analysis revealed that as the level of uncertainty in the adoption of ADSL innovation decreases, the focus of decision-making activities moves from scoping, to searching, to evaluating and to committing. Also this study found that at the early stage of ADSL adoption with higher level of uncertainty, government plays a pivotal role in coordination of related parties to participate in the innovation process, while service providers replaced this role at later stage of innovation with lower level of uncertainty. This study discussed theoretical and policy implications for the adoption of new system innovations with varying degrees of uncertainty.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.14-29
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• 2002

The environment of the world becomes deteriorated rapidly as the result of the development of technology, the increase of the standard of living, and the growth of population. These circumstances called for environmental education in Korea, creating an environment course in the middle and high school in 1995. Despite the increasing importance of environmental education, however, the situation has not developed in its favor because of the current system of the university entrance examination. The school has failed to develop the curriculum of environmental education in the secondary education. This paper solves this problem internally in terms of the improvement of the contents, organization, teaching method (role-playing game), and teaching materials of environmental education, with a case study of the “noise” unit in 10th grade. This case study expects to change the attitude toward noise, increase the interest and knowledge in environment, and lead to responsible environmental behavior.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.685-695
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate role·activity factors, ideal·value factors stress and stress amount relationship in clinical practice of dental hygiene students. Methods: The participate in this study were 231 dental hygiene department students. the survey was conducted from August 24 to September 30, 2018, using a structured questionnaire(1040460-A-2018-036). The collected data were compared and analyzed using a ANOVA and multiple regression. Results: The factors affecting the amount of stress were investigated. Role and activity factors stress in case of too much assignment, repeat simple and funtional work, ideal and value factors stress in case of utilized as a subsidiary work practice institution rather than clinical practice, lake of awareness that the training institution is a trainee. Conclusions: School institution and departments form organic relationships with industries. Uniform training guidance for each training institution does not help with diversity or creativity and problem-solving skills. It gives some autonomy to the training guidance of training institutions, also a clear standard for the contents of the training. we need a system that can provide and evaluate basic guidelines for what students can do in clinical practice.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.7-33
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• 2023

Extant literature has emphasized the role of citizen participation in creating a successful smart city. However, previous works are lacking in a systematic analysis of the specific mechanisms by which citizen participation makes a positive impact on smart city projects. We attempt to bridge the gap by focusing on the role of the living lab, a citizen-driven mechanism that has used innovative ideas, new technologies, and cooperation with various participants to address local problems. As co-creation is the common ground for smart cities and living labs in terms of citizen participation, we provide a theoretical framework in which the notion of co-creation mediates smart cities and living labs. To examine the living lab's effect of co-creation on smart cities, we conduct a comparative case study of two Northeast Asian cities: Taipei and Busan. We explore (1) the factors behind the different outcomes in these two cities, despite many similarities that might affect smart cities' effectiveness, and (2) the relationship between smart cities and living labs and how to systematically understand the interaction between the two. We find that living labs have played a key role in making Taipei's smart city projects effective and successful, which allows the city to keep showing a high level of performance. In contrast, citizens could not find channels to participate in such projects in Busan. We conclude that the living lab explains why the smart cities in Busan have been less successful than in Taipei.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2000

This study was described as midwife's role and obstacle of midwife's role expansion. Midwife as primary medical personal who practices for a mother and infant health care and promotion of mother infant interaction. As the trend of increasing natural childbirth, midwifery has to provide childbearing care those who want delivery in a midwifery center. This study conducted to survey for 44 midwives who work at the midwifery center. The results of the study as fellows. 1. Most of the midwives role was care of pregnancy, delivery, postpartum women and babies. Another role was conducted educational classes childbirth, breast feeding, contraception and sexual education. 2. Some midwives role perform breech, vaccum delivery, episiotomy and suture, pitocin induction and augmentation, ultrasonogram, giving medication, anesthesia, collecting specimen from Pap smear and vaginal discharge. Midwife perform these roles without medical law support. 3. Most of the obstacles of the midwife role was the medical law limitation. Midwives want revise medical law to perform simple treatment for childbearing women and babies. 4. Half of the midwives refer cases to medical doctor in case of complication of women and newborns. 5. Current frequency of home birth rate is slightly higher than before and me cases like to have delivery under water. Finally, midwife and midwifery have to prepare to meet childbearing woman, baby and family's need. For activation and expansion of midwife's role, every midwife has to be aware of medical law accurately and they must know what practice they can do and what practice they can not do.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.351-363
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• 1998

This case study aims at investigating the factors which make venture firms successful. It analysedthree high-performance venture firms originated from the government-financed rese arch institute, the company and the university on the viewpoint of 'dynamic capability' theory. In this case study, technology integration capability and administrative innovation capability were identified as success factors of the three venture firms. The study also presented the role of the incubating organizations. Although incubating organizations supported technological and managerial resource-building of the entrepreneurs, there was not active interactive-learning between venture firms and incubating organizations after spin-off.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.93-104
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• 2019

The ppuri industry is growing in technical importance due to the 4th industrial revolution and is growing steadily. However, securing skilled workers is hardly realistic, and foreign workers are increasing. The purpose of this study is to find organizational commitment on for improvement of in-role performance of foreigners and Koreans working in ppuri companies and to find ways to support differentiation through comparison between groups. The subjects of this study were foreigners and Koreans in the ppuri company. Through the survey, 393 valid samples were collected. We use structural equation modeling to verify the research hypotheses, and conducted a survey on the employees of organization with information security policy. The results showed that in the case of foreigners, balanced processing affects in-role performance through organizational commitment. In the case of Koreans, relational transparency, balanced processing, and internalized moral perspectives affect in-role performance through organizational commitment. The results of the analysis suggest a strategic approach to improve the in-role performance of each group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.438-457
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• 1995

The origin of fibroblasts, their proliferative activity and roles in the early stages of periodontal regeneration were investigated in order to better understand the periodontal healing process in furcation defects of the beagle dog after guided tissue regeneration. Newly divided cells were identified and quantitated by immunolocalization of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injected 1 hour prior to sacrificing the animals. The results were as follows :1. During periodontal healing in horizontal furcation defect, three different stages, namely the granulation tissue, connective tissue, and bone formation stages, were identified on the basis of major types of cells and tissue. 2. In the early stages of periodontal regeneration, both the remaining periodontal ligament and alveolar bone compartment were the major sources. 3. The majority of BrdU-labeled fibroblasts were located at the following areas ; 1) the coronal zone of the defect in case of the connective tissue fanned on the root surface. 2) the area within an 400 ${\mu}m$ distance from the remaining bone level in case of the periodontal ligament. 3) the area within an 100 ${\mu}m$ distance from the bone surface in case of areas of active bone formation.4. The highly proliferative fibroblasts adjacent to bone surface played a major role in the formation of osteoblast precursor cells, whereas both paravascular and endosteal cells played a minor role in new bone formation, In conclusion, it was suggested that the fibroblasts in the remaining periodontal ligament and bone will play a major role in periodontal regeneration, whereas both paravascular and endosteal cells will play a minor role in new bone formation.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.21-38
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• 1999

This paper is concerned with analyzing the role of Northeast Asia intercity networks in Northeast Asia in creating regional networks. For the purpose of this paper, we have followed Choe's (1996) definition of Northeast Asia which includes the Russian Fat East, the Northeast region of China, South Korea, North Korea and Japan. The central hypothesis of the paper is that the geopolitical conditions of Northeast Asia compared for example with Southeast Asia, favor bilateral rather than multilateral linkages between nation states. In these circumstances, it is our hypothesis that cities will play an important role in developing a "local image" of regio-nalism and intercity networks. In order to analyze this hypothesis, the paper is divided into three parts. Part A analyzes the emerging urban system of the Northeast Asia region using Choe's concept of the BESETO corridor and updating his data from the late 1980s to the mid 1990s just prior to the financial crisis. This analysis is further supported by the analysis of economic and transportation linkages within the urban system of the region with some discussion of emerging urban nodes. Part B looks at the specific case studies of the region including the Bohai Sea region, the Japan Sea and case studies of Sapporo, the Japan Sea and case studies of Sapporo, Pusan and Shandong province cities. Part C summarizes this preceding analysis and that the development of regionalism and servicing urban nodes is move likely to emerge from a myriad of linkages developed between the region's cities than from a supra-regional role of nation states. This finding has important implications for regional policy formation suggesting that there should be considerate national support for international linkages between cities.en cities.