• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2003

The relationship between fat intake and breast cancer has been debated for a long period of time. Animal, ecological, and case-control studies have supported that dietary fat increases breast cancer risk. However, cohort studies have not support any strong association between dietary fat intake and breast cancer risk. It has not been clear whether fat per se or some specific type of fat is responsible for the increased risk. Recently, a few cohort studies have found some positive association between specific types of fat intake, but not overall fat intake and breast cancer risk. In this review, the findings from previous studies will be summarized with advantages and disadvantages of different types of study design and recent findings will be introduced.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2020

Objectives: Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings in the association between dental diagnostic X-ray exposure and thyroid cancer. This study was a meta-analysis of case-control studies evaluating the association between exposure to dental radiation and the thyroid cancer risk. Methods: We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify studies on dental radiation and thyroid cancer risks that were published up to September 2018. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A fixed-effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using STATA 14.0. Potential publication biases were evaluated using Egger's test and Begg's funnel plot. Results: From the literature search, we included six case-control studies in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis using the fixed-effects model found that dental X-ray exposure was associated with 2.34 times increased risk for thyroid cancer (OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.79-3.21). There was no heterogeneity in the data (p=0.662, I² =0%). Egger's test showed that there was no publication bias (p=0.532). Conclusions: This meta-analysis confirmed the association of dental X-ray exposure and thyroid cancer risk. The current results underscore the importance of applying safety regulations at dental clinics to protect thyroid glands during dental radiography examinations.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

Confidentiality is one of the most important requirements of information protection systems. The access control technique has been used to provide confidentiality, but it has fundamental problems in that it cannot prevent violations of confidentiality committed by authorized users. Information flow control is a technique introduced to resolve such problems, and many approaches based on programming languages have been proposed. However, it is not easy for a programmer to implement the technique at the source code level. Furthermore, the practicality of information flow control is difficult to demonstrate because it does not provide control over programs that have already been developed. This paper proposes a method that enables a practical information flow control through using a protected area, a separate part of computer system storage. Case studies are given to show its usefulness.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to examine spatial characteristics of emergency department Chronologically through case studies; and to consider the social implication of these spatial changes. Methods: In this study, a total of eight emergency departments, one for each period, were selected in order to analyze the spatial characteristics. The spatial maps of Space Syntax were employed for analyzing case studies. Results: The spatial configuration of emergency department has been changed from five or more emergency department specialties to four or less specialties such as psychiatric, pediatrics, emergency, and trauma. In the case of care initiation area, the concentrated arrangement mode was switched from the distributed arrangement mode. The spatial maps indicate that it can be seen that the tree structure changes to an annular structure emphasizing the connection between the spaces in the emergency department. This shows that the space efficiency, safe, visual control and flexibility in the planning of the emergency department are important factors affecting the spatial structure of the emergency department. Implications: In the future, it is expected that Korean emergency department will be more focused on efficiency, safe, visual control, and flexibility in the planning as in the case studies of the United States.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to review the acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in China. Methods : The literatures were searched using the database-China Academic Journals(CAJ)(~2015.1.). Clinical studies of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for GERD such as randomized controlled trial(RCT), non-randomized controlled trial(NRCT), case series, or case report were included. Results : Thirty studies met our inclusion criteria: 24 RCTs, 4 NRCTs, 1 case series, 1 case report. Various kinds of treatment such as body acupuncture, abdominal acupuncture, acupuncture therapy with finger on back-shu point, electroacupuncture, acupoint injection, auricular acupuncture, and moxibustion were used in the clinical studies. The treatment groups take herbal medicines at the same time in 16 studies, and proton pump inhibitor(PPI) and histamine 2 receptor antagonist were used as a comparative treatment in the most of studies. Acupuncture or moxibustion treatments were done daily or 2~3 times a week for 5 days~18 weeks. All of studies reported higher effective rate in the acupuncture or moxibustion treatment group compared to the western medication control group. Conclusions : The results of this study could be used for the future practice and the clinical research about the acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for GERD.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the acupuncture therapy about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in China. Methods We searched for the studies on ADHD at China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, http://www.cnki.net) from 2011.1 to 2013.8. Results Selected 12 studies were divided into 7 case reports and 5 control studies. 7 case reports reported significant improvements with acupuncture therapy in ADHD. 5 control studies reported results that the acupuncture therapy groups were similar or better than western medicine treatment groups. Frequently used acupuncture points were EX-HN23 (7 times), GV20 ${\bullet}$ P6 ${\bullet}$ SP6 (6 times), G13 ${\bullet}$ EX-HN1 (5 times). Conclusions There have been reported many ADHD clinical studies in China and these studies can be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this review is to investigate the clinical studies of oriental treatment for Autism in China and seek the better methods to study and treat Autism in Korea. Methods We searched for the study at CNKI by keywords, 'Autism', '孤獨症', '自閉症', in the last 5years. Results Selected 14 clinical studies were divided into 6 case reports and 8 control studies. The subjects of clinical study were the average 4-9 years old children. It was described that the symptoms were improved after treatment in 6 case reports. 8 control studies reported that the experimental group were better effective than the comparison group. Frequently used method for treatment was Scalp acupuncture. Conclusions It is promising that we could develop our own treatment and studies for autism in Korea by using Scalp acupuncture, based on these clinical studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2583-2589
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• 2013

Purpose: Studies have indicated that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for bladder cancer; however, not all evidence supports this conclusion. The aim of this meta-analysis was to collate and evaluate all primary observational studies investigating the risk of bladder cancer associated with DM. Methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies that estimated the association of DM and bladder cancer. Summary effect estimates were derived using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: A total of 23 studies (8 case-control studies, 15 cohort studies) including 643,683 DM and 4,819,656 non-DM cases were identified. Analysis of all studies showed that DM was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer compared with non-DM overall (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.32-2.13). Analysis of subgroups demonstrated this to be the case in both case-control studies (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.28-1.97, $I^2$=58%) and cohort studies (RR=1.70, 95% CI 1.23-2.33, $I^2$=96%). There was no gender difference in DM-associated bladder cancer risk. Bladder cancer risk was increased in Asia and the North America region, but not in Europe. Furthermore, DM-associated bladder cancer risk was obviously higher in Asia than North America and Europe or in those with Caucasian ethnicity. With extension of follow-up time, the bladder cancer risk was not increased for the patients with DM. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provided further evidence supporting theDM association with a significantly higher risk of bladder cancer obtained from observational studies.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2010

Objectives : To research the changes of electroencephalogram(EEG) signals for acupuncture stimulation and to establish the hereafter direction for the study on EEG. Methods : We reviewed the domestic papers searched by search engine of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society and Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Results : We have searched 31 articles in 10 journals. The 13 articles were concerned with acupuncture. 1. All articles were published after 2001. In 2007 there were 10 articles. 2. The studies dealing with the changes of EEG signals were 24, the studies dealing with correlation of EEG signals were 5, and the studies analyzing EEG with Korean medicine were 2. 3. In the studies dealing with the changes of EEG signals, the case-control studies were 9, the non case-control studies were 14, and the case study was 1. 10 studies used electro-acupuncture, 1 study used herbal acupuncture, and 2 studies used manual acupuncture. Conclusions : We need more various kinds of studies. 1. Excited condition by acupuncture stimulation may reduce $\alpha$ wave. 2. There may be the acupuncture point-specific variation of EEG signal patterns. 3. The number of responding channels for acupuncture stimulation may correlate with the quantity or variety of acupuncture effect.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.401-408
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• 2003

EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) has been used in a variety of applications as a solution of difficult soil conditions encountered in construction activities. Although there has been significant worldwide growth in the use of EPS as a lightweight fill material, it has a few failure cases before and after the construction. This paper described the observed failures of EPS structures up In date around the world. Also, method of quality control was proposed for site monitoring.