• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.546-554
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• 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension often occur together, amplifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and emphasizing the need for a multitargeted treatment approach. American ginseng (AG) and Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) species could improve glycemic control via complementary mechanisms. Additionally, a KRG-inherent component, ginsenoside Rg3, may moderate blood pressure (BP). Our objective was to investigate the therapeutic potential of coadministration of Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Rg3-KRG) and AG, added to standard of care therapy, in the management of hypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors in type-2 diabetes. Methods: Within a randomized controlled, parallel design of 80 participants with type-2 diabetes (HbA1c: 6.5-8%) and hypertension (systolic BP: 140-160 mmHg or treated), supplementation with either 2.25 g/day of combined Rg3-KRG + AG or wheat-bran control was assessed over a 12-wk intervention period. The primary endpoint was ambulatory 24-h systolic BP. Additional endpoints included further hemodynamic assessment, glycemic control, plasma lipids and safety monitoring. Results: Combined ginseng intervention generated a mean ± SE decrease in primary endpoint of 24-h systolic BP (-3.98 ± 2.0 mmHg, p = 0.04). Additionally, there was a greater reduction in HbA1c (-0.35 ± 0.1% [-3.8 ± 1.1 mmol/mol], p = 0.02), and change in blood lipids: total cholesterol (-0.50 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), non-HDL-C (-0.54 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), triglycerides (-0.40 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.02) and LDL-C (-0.35 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.06) at 12 wks, relative to control. No adverse safety outcomes were observed. Conclusion: Coadministration of Rg3-KRG + AG is an effective addon for improving BP along with attaining favorable cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ginseng derivatives may offer clinical utility when included in the polypharmacy and lifestyle treatment of diabetes. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT01578837;

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2018

이 연구는 체질량지수(Body mass index, BMI)가 정상이고 허리둘레(Waist circumference; WC)가 높은 여성과 WC가 정상이고 BMI가 비만인 성인여성들의 순환대사위험요인을 검토하는 것이었다. 대상자는 여성 1,447명(30-60세)이었으며 BMI와 WC에 따라 4 그룹, 즉 그룹 1 (BMI<$25kg/m^2$, WC<85cm) 그룹 2 (BMI<$25kg/m^2$, WC>85cm) 그룹 3(BMI>$25kg/m^2$, WC<85cm) 그룹 4 (BMI>$25kg/m^2$, WC>85cm)로 구분하였다. 그룹 2는 그룹 1에 비해 위험요인을 1개 이상 가지고 있을 확률이 1.89배 높았으며, 2개 이상인 경우도 1.75배 높았다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 정상체중이지만 허리둘레가 높은 복부비만자들을 초기에 조사하여 더 악화되기 이전에 적절한 개인별 운동 및 식사 처방을 제공함으로써 이들이 건강하지 못한 형태로 악화되는 것을 예방할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이들을 위한 적절한 운동내용에 대한 연구도 추후 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2018

Purpose: The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) represents the degree of nonenzymatic glycation and has been positively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) and cardiovascular disease in adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between HGI, components of metabolic syndrome (MS), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a pediatric nondiabetic population. Methods: Data from 3,885 subjects aged 10-18 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2016) were included. HGI was defined as subtraction of predicted glycated hemoglobin ($HbA1_c$) from measured $HbA1_c$. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to HGI tertile. Components of MS (abdominal obesity, fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure), and proportion of MS, CMRF clustering (${\geq}2$ of MS components), and elevated ALT were compared among the groups. Results: Body mass index (BMI) z-score, obesity, total cholesterol, ALT, abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, and CMRF clustering showed increasing HGI trends from lower-to-higher tertiles. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the upper HGI tertile was associated with elevated triglycerides (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-2.30). Multiple linear regression analysis showed HGI level was significantly associated with BMI z-score, $HbA1_c$, triglycerides, and ALT. When stratified by sex, age group, and BMI category, overweight/obese subjects showed linear HGI trends for presence of CMRF clustering and ALT elevation. Conclusion: HGI was associated with CMRFs in a Korean pediatric population. High HGI might be an independent risk factor for CMRF clustering and ALT elevation in overweight/obese youth. Further studies are required to establish the clinical relevance of HGI for cardiometabolic health in youth.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2024

Ultra-processed foods, falling under group 4 of the Nova classification system, are manufactured from processed food ingredients such as oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates, containing minimal to no whole food. They commonly incorporate flavorings, colorings, emulsifiers, and various cosmetic additives to enhance their palatability. Ultra-processed foods have become increasingly prevalent in contemporary society owing to their convenience, affordability, extended shelf life, and enhanced taste and aroma through additives. This surge in the consumption of ultra-processed foods has sparked discussions regarding its adverse health effects. Numerous studies have highlighted that an increased intake of ultra-processed foods elevates the risk of metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes, along with an increased risk of various cancers. Moreover, its association with an increased mortality risk underscores the importance of recognizing that opting for these foods based solely on taste and convenience is risky. Thus, by recognizing dietary habits as modifiable factors that can prevent health issues, maintaining a balanced diet with diverse nutrient intakes is crucial for overall health. Therefore, raising awareness and understanding of ultra-processed food consumption can significantly contribute to promoting healthy lifestyles.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.692-707
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• 2018

Purpose: We aimed to examine the effects of an integrated physical activity (PA) program developed for physically inactive workers on the theoretical basis of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Methods: Participants were 268 workers in three departments of L manufacturing unit in South Korea. The three departments were randomly allocated into integration (n=86) (INT), education (n=94) (ED), and control (n=88) (CT) groups. The INT group received self-regulation, support, and policy-environmental strategies of a 12-week integrated PA program, the ED group received self-regulation strategies only, and the CT group did not receive any strategies. After 12 weeks, process evaluation was conducted by using the measures of self-regulation (autonomous vs. controlled regulation), autonomy support, and resource availability; impact evaluation by using PA measures of sitting time, PA expenditure, and compliance; and outcome evaluation by using the measures of cardiometabolic/musculoskeletal health and presenteeism. Results: Among process measures, autonomous regulation did not differ by group, but significantly decreased in the CT group (p=.006). Among impact measures, PA compliance significantly increased in the INT group compared to the CT group (p=.003). Among outcome measures, the changes in cardiometabolic/musculoskeletal health and presenteeism did not differ by group; however, systolic blood pressure (p=.012) and a presenteeism variable (p=.041) significantly decreased only in the INT group. Conclusion: The integrated PA program may have a significant effect on increases in PA compliance and significant tendencies toward improvements in a part of cardiometabolic health and presenteeism for physically inactive workers. Therefore, occupational health nurses may modify and use it as a workplace PA program.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.540-551
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• 2019

본 연구는 2013 ~ 2017년 국민건강영양조사의 검진조사에 참여한 만 20세 이상 성인을 대상으로 고식이섬유 섭취 및 고탄수화물 섭취와 대사질환 간의 연관성을 확인하였다. 한국 성인의 평균 식이섬유 섭취량은 24.1 g/일이었으며, 탄수화물 섭취 수준이 증가할수록 식이섬유 섭취량도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 고식이섬유 섭취와 대사증후군과의 연관성을 확인하기 위해 식이섬유 섭취량을 5분위수로 분류하였을 때, 충분섭취량 이상의 고식이섬유 섭취는 대사증후군 위험 감소와 연관이 있었다. 또한, 식이섬유 섭취가 탄수화물 섭취와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 점을 반영하여 고탄수화물 섭취와 대사질환과의 연관성을 식이섬유 섭취수준에 따라 확인하고자 하였다. 이에 식이섬유 충분섭취량을 기준으로 하여 성별로 저식이섬유 섭취 그룹과 고식이섬유 섭취 그룹으로 분류한 후, 탄수화물 에너지 섭취비율과 대사질환과의 연관성을 분석한 결과 식이섬유 섭취수준에 따라 고탄수화물 섭취와 대사질환과의 연관성이 다름을 확인하였다. 저식이섬유 섭취 그룹에서는 남자의 경우 탄수화물 섭취가 삼분위군 일 때 일분위군에 비해 대사증후군과 죽상경화성 이상지질혈증의 교차비가 유의적으로 증가하고, 여자의 경우 탄수화물 섭취가 이분위군일 때 일분위군에 비해 고콜레스테롤혈증의 교차비가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 그리고 고식이섬유 섭취 그룹에서는 남자의 경우 탄수화물 섭취비율이 증가할수록 고중성 지방혈증의 위험도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국 성인의 고식이섬유 섭취가 대사증후군의 낮은 위험도와 관련이 있다는 근거를 제시하였으며, 특히 남자의 경우 고탄수화물 섭취와 대사지표와의 연관성을 살펴볼 때 식이섬유 섭취 수준을 살펴보는 것이 필요함을 제시했다는데 의의가 있다. 따라서, 향후 우리나라 사람들을 대상으로 전향적인 연구를 실시하여 식이섬유, 탄수화물 섭취와 대사질환과의 인과관계를 검증할 필요가 있으며, 이를 통해 탄수화물의 질적 섭취에 대한 실질적인 섭취 지침을 마련할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2024

The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased and exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, both in Korea and globally. Childhood and adolescent obesity poses significant risks for premature morbidity and mortality. The development of serious comorbidities depends not only on the duration of obesity but also on the age of onset. Obesity in children and adolescents affects almost all organ systems, including the endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive, nervous, and immune systems. Obesity in children and adolescents affects growth, cognitive function, and psychosocial interactions during development, in addition to aggravating known adult comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and cancer. Childhood and adolescent obesity are highly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in later life can be considerably decreased by even a small weight loss before the onset of puberty. Childhood and adolescent obesity is a disease that requires treatment and is associated with many comorbidities and disease burdens. Therefore, early detection and therapeutic intervention are crucial.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.320-335
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• 2023

Literature showed that soluble fiber has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors and leptin and adiponectin serum levels. Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on leptin and adiponectin serum levels. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science for eligible trials up to December 2021. A random-effects model was used to pool calculated effect sizes. Our analysis showed that soluble fiber supplementation did not significantly affect adiponectin (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.49 Hedges's, 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.20, 0.21, p value = 0.167; I² = 95.4, p value < 0.001) and leptin (SMD, -0.8 Hedges's, 95% CI, -1.70, 0.08, p value = 0.076; I² = 94.6, p value < 0.001) concentrations in comparison with placebo. However, in the subgroup, soluble fiber supplementation had a significant improvement in leptin concentration in overweight and obese patients (SMD, -0.22 Hedges's, 95% CI, -0.43, -0.01, p value = 0.048) and a non-significant beneficial effect in adiponectin level in female (SMD, 0.29 Hedges's, 95% CI, -0.13, 0.71, p value = 0.183) and diabetic patients (SMD, 0.32 Hedges's, 95% CI, -0.67, 1.32, p value = 0.526). A non-linear association between soluble fiber dosage and adiponectin (p_{non-linearity} < 0.001) was observed. Soluble fiber supplementation could not change the circulatory leptin and adiponectin levels. However, beneficial effects were seen in overweight and obese leptin, and increases in adiponectin may also be observed in female and diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this results.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.354-368
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• 2019

본 연구는 2013 ~ 2016년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 우리나라 만 19세 이상 성인의 식사내 다량영양소 및 식이섬유 구성성분을 이용하여 혼합식 섭취에 따른 혈당반응인 당흡수지수를 추정하였고, 1일 총 당흡수지수를 이용하여 한국 성인의 영양소 및 식품군 섭취량을 평가하고, 당흡수지수와 대사질환 지표와의 연관성을 확인하였다. 당흡수지수는 탄수화물 및 식이섬유 섭취량과는 양의 상관관계를 나타냈고, 지방 및 단백질 섭취량과는 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 당흡수지수가 증가할수록 탄수화물 섭취량이 두드러지게 증가하였으나, 탄수화물에 비해 식이섬유가 차지하는 비율은 현저히 감소하였다. 또한, 연구대상자의 곡류 및 과일류 섭취량은 당흡수지수가 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가한 반면, 고기 생선 달걀 콩류의 섭취량은 당흡수지수가 증가함에 따라 유의하게 감소하였다. 당흡수지수는 이상지질혈증 위험도와 양의 연관성을 나타냈으며, 당흡수지수가 가장 높은 그룹의 남성은 가장 낮은 그룹의 남성에 비해 고콜레스테롤혈증 교차비가 유의하게 높았다. 이상과 같은 연구결과를 종합하여 보았을 때, 한국 성인의 혼합식 섭취에 기초한 당흡수지수는 다량 영양소 및 식이섬유의 섭취량을 함께 반영하므로 기존의 탄수화물 섭취량만을 평가한 지표에 비해 전반적인 식사계획 및 평가에 적합한 지표인 것으로 사료된다. 일부 대사질환 지표가 당흡수지수와 유의한 연관성을 나타냈으므로, 향후 식사의 질과 대사질환 지표와의 관련성을 고려한 당흡수지수의 적절한 수준이 모색된다면 식이 조절을 위한 식단계획, 영양교육 및 식품표시에 유용한 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.173-173
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• 2018