• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권18호
• /
• pp.8525-8531
• /
• 2016

Background: Cancer has become a major health problem associated with high mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence rates of different types of cancer in Sulaymaniyah from January-2006 to January-2014. The data were compared with those reported for other middle east countries. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study depended on data collected from Hiwa hospital cancer registry unit, death records and histopathology reports in all Sulaymaniyah teaching hospitals, using international classification of diseases. Results: A total of 8,031 cases were registered during the eight year period, the annual incidence rate in all age groups rose from 38 to 61.7 cases/100,000 population/year, with averages over 50 in males and 50.7 in females. The male to female ratio in all age groups were 0.98, while in the pediatric age group it was 1.33. The hematological malignancies in all age groups accounted for 20% but in the pediatric group around half of all cancer cases. Pediatric cancers were occluding 7% of total cancers with rates of 10.3 in boys and 8.7 in girls. The commonest malignancies by primary site were leukemia, lymphoma, brain, kidney and bone. In males in all age groups they were lung, leukaemia, lymphoma, colorectal, prostate, bladder, brain, stomach, carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) and skin, while in females they were breast, leukaemia, lymphoma, colorectal, ovary, lung, brain, CUP, and stomach. Most cancers were increased with increasing age except breast cancer where decrease was noted in older ages. High mortality rates were found with leukemia, lung, lymphoma, colorectal, breast and stomach cancers. Conclusions: We here found an increase in annual cancer incidence rates across the period of study, because of increase of cancer with age and higher rates of hematological malignancies. Our study is valuable for Kurdistan and Iraq because it provides more accurate data about the exact patterns of cancer and mortality in our region.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.1119-1122
• /
• 2016

Background: Punica granatum (PG) has been demonstrated to possess antitumor effects on various types of cancer cells. In this study, we determined antiproliferative properties of a seed extract of PG (PSE) from Iran in different human cancer cells. Materials and Methods: A methanolic extract of pomegranate seeds was prepared. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were assessed by colorimetric assays. Antioxidant activity was determined with reference to DPPH radical scavenging activity. The cytotoxicity of different doses of PSE (0, 5, 20, 100, 250, 500, $1000{\mu}g/ml$) was evaluated by MTT assays with A549 (lung non small cell carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer cells), and PC-3 (prostate adenocarcinoma) cells. Results: Significant (P<0.01) or very significant (P<0.0001) differences were observed in comparison to negative controls at all tested doses ($5-1000{\mu}g/ml$). In all studied cancer cells, PSE reduced the cell viability to values below 23%, even at the lowest doses. In all cases, IC50 was determined at doses below $5{\mu}g/ml$. In this regard, SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells were the most responsive to antiproliferative effects of PSE with a maximum mean growth inhibition of 86.8% vs. 82.8%, 81.4% and 80.0% in MCF-7, PC-3 and A549 cells, respectively. Conclusions: Low doses of PSE exert potent antiproliferative effects on different human cancer cells SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells as most and A549 cells ar least responsive regarding cytotoxic effects. However, the mechanisms of action need to be addressed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6541-6548
• /
• 2013

Pigmented rice is mainly black, red, and dark purple, and contains a variety of flavones, tannin, polyphenols, sterols, tocopherols, ${\gamma}$-oryzanols, amino acids, and essential oils. The present study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of purple rice extracts (PREs) combined with chemotherapeutic drugs on human cancer cells and mechanisms of cell death. Methanolic (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of three cultivars of purple rice in Thailand: Doisaket (DSK), Nan and Payao (PYO), were tested and compared with white rice (KK6). Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, prostate cancer LNCaP and murine normal fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. MeOH-PYO-PRE was the most cytotoxic and inhibited HepG2 cell growth more than that of LNCaP cells but was not toxic to NIH3T3 cells. When PREs were combined with paclitaxel or vinblastine, they showed additive cytotoxic effects on HepG2 and LNCaP cells, except for MeOH-PYO-PRE which showed synergistic effects on HepG2 cells when combined with vinblastine. MeOH-PYO-PRE plus vinblastine induced HepG2 cell apoptosis with loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) but no ROS production. MeOH-PYO-PRE-treated HepG2 cells underwent apoptosis via caspase-9 and-3 activation. The level of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol was highest in DCM-PYO-PRE (44.17 mg/g) whereas anthocyanin content was high in MeOH-PYO-PRE (5.80 mg/g). In conclusion, methanolic Payao purple rice extract was mostly toxic to human HepG2 cells and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of vinblastine. Human HepG2 cell apoptosis induced by MeOH-PYO-PRE and vinblastine was mediated through a mitochondrial pathway.

• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2007

Objective : Women's obesity brings prblems not only appearance but also health which men do not have. This study was conducted to investigate the different factors of obesity between men and women. Materials and Methods : We searched papers usin key words (women, gender, and obesity) on pubmed and obesity journal. Result : Women's obesity leads to amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, poly cystic ovarian syndrome, abortion, and luteal phase inadequacy. Obesity induces metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, hypertension, cancer, and psychophysiologic diseases. The difference in body morphology and in particular fat distribution between the sexes leads to gender-specific differences in prevalence of chronic diseases, and unique problems for each sex including infertility, problems during pregnancy, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometrial carcinoma in women, and prostate and testicular cancer in men. The influence of gender on obesity is had by genetic view, hormones, pregnancy, delivery, and menopause. Conclusion : Obese women have higher risk factors than men by the influence of gender.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the cell growth inhibitory effect of tissue cultured root of wild Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer (tcwPG). The human stomach carcinoma cell line, MKN 74, was incubated with 70% EtOH extract of tcwPG or Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer (PG) for 24 hrs. tcwPG inhibited cell growth at a concentration of $250{\mu}g/ml$. However, Panax ginseng extract did not inhibit cell growth at the same concentration. We also tested the ethyl acetate and $H_2O$ fractions of tcwPG. The inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate fraction on cell proliferation in MKN 74 cells was more potent than that of the crude extract, and the inhibitory effect of the $H_2O$ fraction was less than that of the ethyl acetate fraction. When we separated tcwPG into polar and non-polar saponin fractions and then measured cell growth inhibition, the non-polar saponin in tcwPG exhibited cytotoxicity. To compare the effects of tcwPG on various cancer cell lines, we measured cytotoxicity in MKN 74 (stomach cancer cell line), SW 620 (colon cancer cell line) and PC 3 (prostate cancer cell line). All three cell lines showed cell growth inhibition, and the cell growth inhibitory effects were not quite different in the various cell lines. The non-polar saponins of tcwPG arrested PC 3 cells at G1-phase as did Panax ginseng.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제39권12호
• /
• pp.877-887
• /
• 2016

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) is a retinoic acid-inducible protein that is considered a putative tumor suppressor. The expression of TIG1 is decreased in malignant prostate carcinoma or poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma, but TIG1 is present in benign or well-differentiated tumors. Ectopic TIG1 expression led to suppression of growth in cancer cells. However, the function of TIG1 in cell differentiation is still unknown. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we found that transmembrane protein 192 (TMEM192) interacted with TIG1. We also found that both TIG1A and TIG1B isoforms interacted and co-localized with TMEM192 in HtTA cervical cancer cells. The expression of TIG1 induced the expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1 and LC-3B. The silencing of TMEM192 reduced the TIG1-mediated upregulation of autophagic activity. Furthermore, silencing of either TIG1 or TMEM192 led to alleviation of the upregulation of autophagy induced by all-trans retinoic acid. Our results demonstrate that the expression of TIG1 leads to cell autophagy through TMEM192. Our study also suggests that TIG1 and TMEM192 play an important role in the all-trans retinoic acid-mediated upregulation of autophagic activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.336-342
• /
• 2008

The resveratrol analogue piceatannol (3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a polyphenol present in grapes and wine and reported to have anti-carcinogenic activities. To investigate the mechanism of anticarcinogenic activities of piceatannol, the effects on CYP 1 enzymes were determined in Escherichia coli membranes coexpressing recombinant human CYP1A1, CYP1A2 or CYP1B1 with human NADPH-P450 reductase. Piceatannol showed a strong inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in a concentration-dependent manner, and $IC_{50}$ of human CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was 5.8 ${\mu}M$ and 16.6 ${\mu}M$, respectively. However, piceatannol did not inhibit CYP1A2 activity in the concentration of up to 100 ${\mu}M$. Piceatannol exhibited 3-fold selectivity for CYP1B1 over CYP1A1. The mode of inhibition of piceatannol was non-competitive for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. The result that piceatannol did not inhibit CYP1B1-mediated $\alpha$-naphthoflavone ($\alpha$-NF) metabolism suggests piceatannol may act as a non-competitive inhibitor as well. In human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells, piceatannol induces apoptosis and prevents Aktmediated signal pathway. Taken together, abilities of piceatannol to induce apoptotic cell death as well as CYP1 enzyme inhibition make this compound a useful tool for cancer chemoprevention.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.433-435
• /
• 2000

A 6000-year-old male with carcinoma of the prostate and cerebral infarction underwent a Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy for the evaluation of skeletal metastases. Bone scintigraphy (Fig. 1) showed multiple areas of increased uptake of Tc-99m MDP in the skull, spine, and ribs representing skeletal metastases. Two different patterns of uptake occurred in the skull region (Fig. 1A-C); one represents bony metastasis and the ether represents cerebral infarction. The shape, size, location, intensity, and border of the increased uptake differed between the two lesions. An oval-shaped pattern with smaller size, greater intensity and more sharply defined border in the frontal region was consistent with bony metastasis. A rectangular-shaped pattern with larger size, lesser intensity and relatively indistinct border in the temporo-parieto-occipital region was consistent with cerebral infarction. Increased uptake of bone-seeking radiotracers in cerebral infarction has been reported previously.$^{1-4)}$ A suggested mechanism by which bone-seeking radiotracers accumulate in the necrotizing cerebral tissue is an alteration of the blood-brain barrier induced during cerebral infarction, which results in entry of the radiotracers into the extracellular space of the brain.$^{4)}$ Brain CT (Fig. 2) performed 7 days before and one month after the bone scintigraphy revealed lesions on the right temporo-parieto-occipital region consistent with acute hemorrhagic and chronic cerebral infarction, respectively.

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제7권2_3호
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 2013

In this study, a novel bombesin (BBN) analogues, DOTA-Ala($SO_3H$)-4 aminobenzoyl-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-$NH_2$ (DOTA-sBBN) and DOTA-Lys(glucose)-4 aminobenzoyl-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-$NH_2$ (DOTA-gluBBN), were synthesized and radiolabeled, and their binding affinities were evaluated. Peptides were prepared by a solid phase synthesis method and their purities were over 98%. DOTA is the chelating agent for $^{177}Lu$-labeling, and the DOTA-conjugated peptides were radiolabeled with $^{177}Lu$ by a high radiolabeling yield (>98%). The Log P values of DOTA-sBBN and DOTA-gluBBN were -2.20 and -2.79, respectively. 50.41% of $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-sBBN and 72.97% of $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-gluBBN were left undegraded by the serum incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr. A competitive displacement of $^{125}I-[Tyr^4]$-BBN on the PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cells revealed that 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) were 1.46 nM of DOTA-sBBN and 4.67 nM of DOTA-gluBBN indicating a highly nanomolar binding affinity for GRPR. Therefore, it is concluded that $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-sBBN and $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-gluBBN can be potential candidates as a targeting modality for the Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-over-expressing tumors, and further studies to evaluate their biological and pharmacological characteristics are needed.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.585-590
• /
• 2020

암(예: 폐암, 전립선암, 간암, 부신겉질샘암종 등)의 조기 진단은 치료비용, 생존율, 완치 여부를 결정짓는 아주 중요한 단계다. 현재의 암 진단 시스템(예: 조직검사, 컴퓨터단층쵤영, 양전자방출단층쵤영, 자기공명영상, 초음파촬영 등)은 고가의 장비를 사용하거나 훈련된 고급 인력만이 수행 가능하기 때문에 신속한 조기 진단에 적합하지 못하다. 국제 의과학 사회는 현장검사(point of care) 디바이스 개발을 통한 효과적인 질병 관리 시스템 개발을 지향하고 있으며, 다양한 분석법 기반의 디바이스가 개발되어왔다. 이 중에서도 측면 흐름 면역 크로마토그래피 분석법 스트립은 경제적인 비용, 짧은 검사 시간, 사용자의 쉬운 접근성 등의 많은 이점들이 있다. 본 논문에서는 LFIA 스트립의 최신 연구 동향을 바탕으로 암 진단 관점에서의 비색법 기반 LFIA 스트립의 연구 방향 및 잠재적 응용에 대해 논의하고자 한다.