• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2007

Four anthocyanins were isolated from the acidic alcoholic extract of Syzygium cumini fruits growing in Egypt: Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-O-malonyl glucoside, and delphenidin-3-O-glucoside. They were identified by the chromatographic, TLC and PC, and spectral analyses, UV, $^1$H-NMR and FAB/MS. The fruits were found to contain 0.03 gm % anthocyanins calculated on fresh weight basis calculated by spectrophotometric assay. Cytotoxic activity of total alcoholic extract of the fruits was performed against several types of tumor cell lines using the SRB assay. The tested extract exhibited significant cytotoxic activity for MCF7 (breast carcinoma cell line) (IC$_{50}$= 5.9 ${\mu}$g/mL), while the IC$_{50}$ was > 10 ${\mu}$g/mL for both Hela (Cervix carcinoma cell line), HEPG2 (liver carcinoma cell line), H460 (Lung carcinoma cell line) and U251 (Brain carcinoma cell line).

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.216-219
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• 2000

Small cell carcinoma usually occurs in lung, but extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas can occur in any sites of body. Most sites of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma reported were esophagus. And small cell carcinomas occurred in head and neck area were reported rarely. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma could be diagnosed when there is no evidence of primary lung lesion on chest X-ray, CT scan of chest and bronchoscopy. The authors experienced a case of small cell carcinoma of left submandibular lymph node in 64-year-old male patient. Biopsy specimen showed poorly differentiated carcinoma but immunohistochemical study showed small cell carcinoma. The chest X-ray and CT scan of chest showed no evidence of primary lung lesion. The patient received chemotherapy(etoposide plus cisplatin) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy using weekly taxol which resulted in good clinical remission. He is still alive 8 months after diagnosis without evidence of lung disease. We report our case with a brief review of literatures.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Purpose: Chemokines are structurally related, small polypeptide signaling molecules that bind to and activate a family of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, the chemokine receptors. Recently, interaction between the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12), has been found to play an important role in tumorigenicity, proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis in many cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Hence, the goal of this study is to identify the correlation of clinicopathological factors and the up-regulation of SDF-1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Material and methods: We studied the immunohistochemical staining of SDF-1, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) of SDF-1 gene in 20 specimens of 20 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Results: 1. In the immunohistochemical study of poor differentiated and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma, the high level staining of SDF-1 was observed. And the correlation between immunohistochemical SDF-1 expression and tumor nodes metastases (TNM) classification of specimens was significant.($x^2$ test, P < 0.05) 2. In the SDF-1 gene qRT-PCR analysis, SDF-1 expression was more in tumor tissue than in carcinoma in situ tissue. Paired-samples analysis determined the difference of SDF-1 mRNA expression level between the cancer tissue and the carcinoma in situ tissue.(Student's t-test, P < 0.05) Conclusion: These findings suggest that up-regulation of the SDF-1 may play a role in progression and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2002

We report the cytologic features of a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with high grade transitional cell and signet ring cell carcinomatous components. A 64-year-old male presented with gross hematuria for one week. Computed tomography revealed an ill-defined mass in the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. Urinary cytology showed hypercellularity with predominantly isolated single cells and clustered cells. They have scanty cytoplasm and naked hyperchromatic nuclei with finely granular nuclear chromatin and rare nucleoli. The tumor cells occurred predominantly singe cells, but a few in clusters. Nuclear molding was prominent. No glandular formation or nesting was noted. The second tumor cells had high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclear membrane, and coarse granular chromatin. The background was inflamed and necrotic. The histoiogic findings of transurethral resection were mainly composed of small cell carcinoma, and partly transitional cell and signet ring cell carcinomatous components. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have distinctive cytologic features to make a proper diagnosis.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 1990

CT guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the liver for both cytologic and histologic examination has great value in diagnosing liver malignancy. From March, 1986 to April, 1990, 62 patients with the clinical impression of liver malignancy underwent CT guided percutaneous FNA biopsy. Of these, 43 cases were reviewed for this study, 19 were reported to be liver cell carcinoma, 2 were adenocarcinoma, 11 were reported as anaplastic cell present, and the rest (11 cases) were negative (9) or necrotic (2). Among the 11 cases of the last group, 9 were diagnosed as liver cell carcinoma and 2 were necrotic histologically. Retrospective review, in order to clarify the cause of cytologic diagnostic error, of both cytologic and histologic slides of all cases showed discordance of 23% between these diagnoses and sensitivity is 93.9% and specificity is 90.9%. The reasons were as follows ; 1) the lack of awareness of tumor cells of well differentiated liver cell carcinoma (4 cases), 2) missed tumor cells due to too scanty cellularity (1 case), 3) improper smear (2 cases) and no tumor cell In the cytologic smears (3 cases). In such cases, at the initiation of FNA, a correct diagnosis of liver malignancy could only be made by a combination of cytologic and histologic examinations. However after three years' experience we can conclude that cytomorphologic features of liver cell carcinoma are sufficiently distinctive from other liver malignancies to be diagnostic.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.52-55
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• 2002

A extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma is a very rare disease, and a primary pleural manifestation is extremely rare. A diagnosis of a small cell carcinoma should be based on the cell morphology, histological pattern, and an immunohistochemical study. We recently experienced a case of small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the pleura in a 59-year-old man who had suffered from right pleuritic chest pain. A histopathological confirmation of SCC was made by a video-associated thoracoscopic lung biopsy. Systemic chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin was initiated.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 1996

A primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast was evaluated by fine needle aspiration cytology in a 60 year-old female. Squamous cell carcinoma is a rarely encountered lesion in the breast and nine cases of cytologic findings of mammary squamous cell carcinoma have been reported in the world literature. Our case appears to be one of these rare pure squamous cell tumors. The cytologic diagnosis was possible because of the well defined characteristics of the malignant squamous cells, similar to those found in other locations. Thorough examination of the patient did not reveal squamous cell carcinoma elsewhere.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2011

Background: Renal cell carcinoma has shown less response to systemic therapies including chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy than other cancers. Surgery has therefore become an important treatment tool. The protocol for treatment is the same for pulmonary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. We performed surgery for pulmonary metastatic renal cell carcinomas and analyzed the results. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 15 patients who had undergone pulmonary metastasectomy from renal cell carcinoma at our hospital from January 2005 to December 2009. Results: No patients had extrathoracic metastatsis. The mean age was 60.2 years (range 35~73). There were 12 male and 3 female patients. The number of synchronous and metachronous patients were 8 and 7, respectively. The mean survival times of synchronous and metachronous patients were 32.6 and 42.9 months, respectively. 6 patients had single lesions and 9 patients had multiple (more than 3) lesions. The surgical procedures included wedge resection (10), lobectomy (2), wedge resection with segmentectomy (2), and segmentectomy (1). Median observation and survival time were 54.1 and 34.9 months. The 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 80% and 50%, respectively. Conclusion: Pulmonary resection for pulmonary metastatic renal cell carcinoma was found to be a safe and effective treatment modality when complete resection was performed.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.15-17
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• 2024

Clear cell carcinoma is a rare variant of salivary gland carcinoma, and its occurrence in the tongue base is even rarer. We present a case of a 55-year-old female patient with clear cell carcinoma of the tongue base. The patient initially presented with a 3-month history of palpable tongue mass, leading to her visit to the otolaryngology outpatient clinic. The patient underwent a complete resection of the tumor under general anesthesia. Postoperative follow-up imaging studies showed no evidence of recurrence. This case report highlights the diagnostic and management challenges associated with clear cell carcinoma of tongue base and demonstrates that a high index of suspicion is required to diagnose clear cell caricnoma, given its rarity and overlapping features with other clear cell neoplasms.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2009

Tumor angiogenesis is a process leading to formation of blood vessels within tumors and is crucial for maintaining a supply of oxygen and nutrients to support tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis including induction of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, survival and capillary tube formation. VEGF binds to two distinct receptors on endothelial cells. VEGFR-2 is considered to be the dominant signaling receptor for endothelial cell permeability, proliferation, and differentiation. Bevacizumab(Avastin, Genetech, USA) is a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor. It is used in the treatment of cancer, where it inhibits tumor growth by blocking the formation of new blood vessels. The goal of this study is to identify the anti-tumor effect of Bevacizumab(Avastin) for oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Human squamous cell carcinoma cell line(HN4) was used in this study. We examined the sensitivity of HN4 cell line to Bevacizumab(Avastin) by using in vitro proliferation assays. The results were as follows. 1. In the result of MTT assay according to concentration of Bevacizumab(Avastin), antiproliferative effect for oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines was observed. 2. The growth curve of cell line showed the gradual growth inhibition of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines after exposure of Bevacizumab(Avastin). 3. In the apoptotic index, groups inoculated Bevacizumab(Avastin) were higher than control groups. 4. In condition of serum starvation, VEGFR-2 did not show any detectable autophosphorylation, whereas the addition of VEGF activated the receptor. Suppression of phosphorylated VEGFR-2 and phosphorylated MAPK was observed following treatment with Bevacizumab(Avastin) in a dose-dependent manner. 5. In TEM view, dispersed nuclear membrane, scattered many cytoplasmic vacuoles and localized chromosomal margination after Bevacizumab(Avastin) treatment were observed. These findings suggest that Bevacizumab(Avastin) has the potential to inhibit MAPK pathway in proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines via inhibition of VEGF-dependent tumor growth.