• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.577-584
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• 2007

Adipocyte-specific secretory factor(ADSF)/resistin, an hormone, is a small cysteine-rich protein secreted from adipose tissue and ADSF/resistin has been implicated in modulating adipogenesis in human and rodents. Although the exact role of ADSF/resistin in bovine has not been identified, it may have directly or indirectly involved in adipocyte differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate its DNA polymorphism associated with carcass traits in Korean Native Cattle(Hanwoo). To investigate DNA polymorphism in Hanwoo ADSF/resistin gene, blood samples were taken from 295 Hanwoo steers belonging to progeny testing at Hanwoo Improvement Center in Korea. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were found in intron regions but not in any other regions including promoter (1.7kb) and 4 exons. The highest frequency among SNPs was C186A(0.16/0.84) following G964A (0.156/0.884). The significant correlation(P<0.05) between the SNPs and economic traits was found on 764Ains associated with marbling but not from any other SNPs determined.  A computer simulation was also conducted to assess the efficiency of marker assisted selection(MAS) versus the conventional breeding scheme.  Results revealed that MAS was more efficient as a breeding tool compared to the conventional. In conclusion, ADSF/Resistin gene is one of candidate genes to evaluate the quality, especially marbling score, in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.447-456
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of energy level of concentrate feed in finishing Hanwoo steers for 6 months before slaughter. Feeding trial was done with 2 treatment groups, IDN72 (72% of TDN in concentrate) and TDN74 (74 % of TDN in concentrate). The body weight (from 19 to 24 months) tended to be higher in TDN74 than in TDN72, but was not significant. Average daily gain of TDN74 was higher by 4.4 % in comparison to TDN72. There was no significant differences in concentrate, dry matter and TDN intake per I kg body weight gain between TDN72 and TDN74. And there was a tendency to improve crude protein intake per I kg body weight gain by increasing TDN content from 72 to 74 %. The dressing percentage tended to be higher in TDN74 than in TDN72, but was not significant. Salable meat percentage tended to be lower in TDN74 than in TDN72 because of higher body fat percentage in TDN74 than in TDN72. There were no significant differences in marbling score, meat color, fat color, carcass weight, rib-eye area and back fat thickness between TDN72 and TDN74. Significant differences were not found in shear value, cooking loss, water holding capacity or moisture and protein contents of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles between TDN72 and TDN74. Fat content of LD muscles tend to be lower in TDN74 than in IDN72 but without any significance. There was a tendency to improve juiciness and taste by feeding IDN74 rather than TDN72. Especially, tenderness of TDN74 was increased by 7.4% in comparison to TDN72 (p < 0.05). Gross income from TDN74 was higher than TDN72 by 5% The results suggested that significant differences were not found in growth performance, feed conversion and carcass characteristics between TDN72 and TDN74. The results also show that more studies are required to clarify the energy level for finishing Hanwoo steers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C and E on carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Thirty seven Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments. The four treatments were control(vitamin E 20 IU/kg feed), vitamin C(vitamin C 0.1%/kg feed and vitamin E 20 IU/kg feed), vitamin E(vitamin E 220 IU/kg feed) and vitamin C plus E(vitamin C 0.1%/kg feed and vitamin E 220 IU/kg feed). Hanwoo steers were fed experimental diets for 3 months of the last finishing period. Animals fed the diet containing vitamin C plus E had higher(P<0.05) yield grade than those fed the other diets but quality grade was not different between animals fed the control diet and vitamin-supplemented diets. Proximate analysis in longissimus dorsi was not different between animals fed the control diet and vitamin-supplemented diets. Vitamin C concentration in longissimus dorsi was higher (P<0.05) in the animals fed the vitamin C diet and the vitamin C plus E diet than in those fed the control diet and the vitamin E diet. Vitamin E concentration in longissimus dorsi was higher(P<0.05) in the animals fed the diet supplemented with vitamin E and the diet supplemented with vitamin C plus E than in those fed the control diet and the vitamin C diet. Animals fed the diet supplemented with vitamin C was higher(P<0.05) in myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid in the longissimus dorsi than those fed the other diets, but linoleic acid in longissimus dorsi was higher(P<0.05) in the animals fed the vitamin E diet than those fed the other diets. However, saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid were not different between animals fed the control diet and vitamin-supplemented diets.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.839-848
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the effect of mugwort powder on carcass characteristics, proximate composition, cholesterol contents, and meat qualities in growing-finishing gilt and barrow(LY×D). Totally 80 pigs (40 gilts and 40 barrows, approximately 50kg each) with 10 pigs per treatment were randomly alloted. The diet group was prepared as 0(C), 0.5(T1), 1.0(T2), and 1.5%(T3) mugwort powder in basal diet, respectively. They were fed experimental diets for 90 days before slaughtered. Carcass weight was increased by dietary mugwort powder(p<0.05), whereas changes in back fat thickness and meat grade were unaffected by dietary supplements. Meat moisture, fat, ash, and cholesterol were not differ significantly in the samples, however, protein in T2 and T3 were significantly higher than the control (p<0.05). Meat pH48, water holding capacity, and cooking loss were not differ significantly in the samples (p>0.05), and shear force of fresh meat and fat were not differ significantly in the samples(p>0.05). Lightness(L*) of meat was increased but that of fat was decreased by dietary mugwort powder, whereas changes in redness(a*) and yellowness(b*) were unaffected by dietary supplements.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the organic feed on weight gain, feed conversion rate, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Three feeding treatments(T1 : rice straw and commercial concentrates, T2 : organic hay and concentrates, T3 : organic corn silage and concentrates) for 22 months (from 6 to 28 months) were used. As a result, weight gain was not significantly different among treatments throughout this study. Also T1 tended to improve weight gain and daily weight gain without significance. The percentage of meat quality grade over the first grads ($1,\;1^+,\;1^{++}$) were 50% in the carcass of Hanwoo steers fed T1 and T2, and 70% fed T3, respectively. T2 and T3 tended to improve marbling score and oleic acid content.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.931-944
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• 2016

This study was conducted to compare among bull, steer and heifer on growth performance, blood composition and carcass traits according to fattening phase in Hanwoo. 12 month of aged 4 bulls ($339.8{\pm}18.5kg$), 4 steers ($309.8{\pm}13.2kg$), and 3 heifers ($290.0{\pm}16.7kg$) were allocated in the stalls with individual feeding system during 20 months. Average daily gain was not different among the treatment groups during early fattening phase, but higher in the bulls and lower in the heifers after mid-fattening phase (p<0.05). The difference of body size by animal groups appeared from 24 month of age, and wither height and body length of Hanwoo heifer were the smallest (p<0.05) among treatment group. But wither height was not difference among treatment groups at 32 month of age. At 12 month of age, concentrations of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and total protein were higher in the heifers compared to other groups, and serum GPT (Glutamic pyruvic transaminase) was the highest (p<0.05) in the bulls, and serum GOT (Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) was the highest (p<0.05) at late fattening phase in the bulls. Meat yield index was similar between the bulls and the heifers, and the lowest (p<0.05) in the steers. Marbling score was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the steers and the heifers than in the bulls, and meat quality was the best in the steers among treatment groups. The results of this experiment might be used as a basal data on difference between gender in revision of Korean feeding standard for Hanwoo.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.812-819
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• 2013

Forty two Malpura lambs (21 d old) were divided into three groups of 14 each consisting of 8 females and 6 males. Lambs were allowed to suckle their respective dams twice daily up to weaning (13 wks) and offered free choice concentrate and roughage in a cafeteria system. The lambs in control group were fed conventional concentrate mixture, in RBO group concentrate mixture fortified with 4% industrial grade rice bran oil and in Ca-soap rice bran oil (as in RBO group) was supplemented in the form of calcium soap. The concentrate intake decreased($p{\leq}0.05$) in RBO group as a result total dry matter, crude protein and metabolizable energy intake decreased compared to control whereas Ca-soap prepared from the same rice bran oil stimulated the concentrate intake leading to higher total dry matter, crude protein and energy intakes. The digestibility of dry matter ($p{\leq}0.05$), organic matter ($p{\leq}0.05$) and crude protein ($p{\leq}0.05$) was higher in RBO group followed by Ca-soap and control whereas no effect was observed for ether extract digestibility. Higher cholesterol ($p{\leq}0.05$) content was recorded in serum of oil supplemented groups (RBO and Ca-soap) while no effect was recorded for other blood parameters. Rice bran oil as such adversely affected and reduced the body weight gain ($p{\leq}0.001$) of lambs in comparison to control whereas the Ca-soap of rice bran oil improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in lambs. Fat supplementation decreased total volatile fatty acids ($p{\leq}0.05$) and individual volatile fatty acid concentration which increased at 4 h post feeding. Fat supplementation also reduced ($p{\leq}0.05$) total protozoa count. Ca-soap of rice bran oil improved pre slaughter weight ($p{\leq}0.05$) and hot carcass weight ($p{\leq}0.05$). It is concluded from the study that rice bran oil in the form of calcium soap at 40 g/kg of concentrate improved growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality as compared to rice bran oil as such and control groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.283-289
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• 2002

A comparative study on the quality of meat from three breeds of goats reared in Bulgaria: Local Aboriginal (LA); Bulgarian White Dairy (BWD) and crossbreeds of local aboriginal with Saanen goats (LA ${\times}$ S). Eight intact young male goats from each breed have been included in the experiment. The animals from the three breeds have been reared under similar conditions. The animals have been slaughtered at the age of 2 months (at weaning) and at the age of 6 months (upon reaching sexual maturity). The following tests have been performed on samples of m. longissimus dorsi between $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ ribs: pH 45 min post mortum, colorimetrically color of meat, water holding capacity and fatty acid composition of the fat. The thickness of muscle fibre and the proportion of muscle, connective and adipose tissue have been microscopically determined at m. longissimus dorsi, m. semitendinosus and m. iliopsoas. After deboning and separating the bigger tendons, the chemical composition of the meat from the left half of the carcass has been determined. The results reveal lack of statistically significant differences among the three breeds concerning pH, the water holding capacity, color of meat, thickness of the muscle fibre and fatty acid composition of the fat. The carcass meat of crossbreeds of LA ${\times}$ S contains significantly more fat than the other two breeds. This influences the proportion of muscle, connective and adipose tissue in m. longissimus dorsi, m. semitendinosus and m. iliopsoas, resulting in more adipose tissue in the LA ${\times}$ S compared to young goats of the LA or the BWD. There are differences in slaughtering 2-month-old goats (at weaning) and 6-month-old ones (upon reaching sexual maturity). At a greater age the content of fat in the carcass increases, as well as the quantity of the adipose tissue, the intensity of the colour of the meat and there is a tendency towards thickening of the muscle fibre and increasing the water holding capacity of meat. The moisture content in meat decreases due to the increase of fat.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.483-490
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• 2003

The incidence of PSE(Pale, Soft, Exudative) pork by slaughter weight and handling conditions at preslaughtering stage such as fattening period, transport and lairage time were compared. The incidence of PSE pork were 24.9% when pigs were fed under 180 days and 18.9% when pigs were fed over 180 days for fattening. In the transport time from farm to slaughter house, the incidence of PSE pork were 46.6% for shorter than 30min and 45.65% for 30 min${\sim}$60 min and 35.44% for longer than 60min. The incidence of PSE pork were 55.6% for pigs had no lairage before slaughter, 33.9% for pigs held in lairage overnight. Therefore, the incidence of PSE pork were decreased by 6% with the extension of the fattening period and 9% with the transport time of longer than 1hr and 22.1% with lairage treatment before slaughter. The incidence of PSE pork were different in different location of farms and there were no significantly different in live weight, carcass weight and carcass yield between groups of lairage treatment. In conclusion, handling condition at preslaughtering stage such as extension of fattening period and lairage time were important to control pork quality and lairage treatment was not decreased the carcass yield.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the effect of mugwort powder on meat composition and sensory characteristics in finishing gilts $(LY{\times}D)$. Twenty pigs (75kg) were randomly allotted to four treatments. Mugwort powder was added to final concentrations of 0(C), 0.5(T1), 1.0(T2), and 1.5%(T3) in the basal diet. Pigs were fed with the specified diet for 50 days. Carcass characteristics and cooking loss were not significantly affected by mugwort powder supplementation. The WHC and cooking loss of T2 and T3 were not significantly different than the control. However, the pH values for meat from gilts fed the T1 and T3 diets were significantly lower than the control (p<0.05). Shear force values of fresh meat were highest with the T3 diet (p<0.05), while the shear force values of cooked meat were significantly lower than the control with the T2 and T3 diets. Texture values of hardness, brittleness, gumminess, chewiness, and adhesiveness were significantly higher with the T3 diet (p<0.05), however values for cohesiveness and springiness were not significantly affected by mugwort powder supplementation. These results indicate that the feeding of mugwort powder improves the shear force of cooked meat from gilts fed the T3 diet, however the carcass, WHC and cooking loss characteristics in gilts are not affected by mugwort powder supplementation.