• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.23-56
• /
• 2014

The significant growth of the Si photovoltaic industry has been so far limited due to the high cost of the Si photovoltaic system. In this regard, the most expensive factors are the intrinsic cost of silicon material and the Si solar cell fabrication processes. Conventional Si solar cells have p-n junctions inside for an efficient extraction of light-generated charge carriers. However, the p-n junction is normally formed through very expensive processes requiring very high temperature (${\sim}1000^{\circ}C$). Therefore, several systems are currently under study to form heterojunctions at low temperatures. Among them, carbon nanotube (CNT)/Si hybrid solar cells are very promising, with power conversion efficiency up to 15%. In these cells, the p-type Si layer is replaced by a semitransparent CNT film deposited at room temperature on the n-doped Si wafer, thus giving rise to an overall reduction of the total Si thickness and to the fabrication of a device with cheaper methods at low temperatures. In particular, the CNT film coating the Si wafer acts as a conductive electrode for charge carrier collection and establishes a built-in voltage for separating photocarriers. Moreover, due to the CNT film optical semitransparency, most of the incoming light is absorbed in Si; thus the efficiency of the CNT/Si device is in principle comparable to that of a conventional Si one. In this paper an overview of several factors at the basis of this device operation and of the suggested improvements to its architecture is given. In addition, still open physical/technological issues are also addressed.

• Advances in materials Research
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.163-174
• /
• 2018

This article studies the free and forced vibrations of the carbon nanotubes CNTs embedded in an elastic medium including thermal and dynamic load effects based on nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli beam. A Winkler type elastic foundation is employed to model the interaction of carbon nanotube and the surrounding elastic medium. Influence of all parameters such as nonlocal small-scale effects, high temperature change, Winkler modulus parameter, vibration mode and aspect ratio of short carbon nanotubes on the vibration frequency are analyzed and discussed. The non-local Euler-Bernoulli beam model predicts lower resonance frequencies. The research work reveals the significance of the small-scale coefficient, the vibrational mode number, the elastic medium and the temperature change on the non-dimensional natural frequency.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.72-72
• /
• 2010

탄소나노튜브(carbon nanotubes : CNTs)는 뛰어난 전기적, 물리적인 특성을 가지고 있기 때문에 다양한 분야에서 이를 활용하려는 노력들이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. CNTs의 전기적인 특성은 직경에 의해 결정되므로, 직경을 균일하게 제어하는 일이 CNTs를 기반으로 한 전자소자 응용에 가장 중요한 사항이라 할 수 있다. 일반적으로 화학기상증착법(chemical vapor deposition, CVD)으로 합성된 CNTs의 직경은 촉매의 크기에 의존하기 때문에, 촉매의 크기를 제어하기 위한 다양한 연구들이 활발히 진행되고 있다[1-3]. 하지만 CNTs의 성장온도 근처에서 촉매 입자는 표면 확산(surface diffusion)에 의해 응집(agglomeration)되기 때문에 작고 균일한 크기의 촉매를 얻기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 Si(001) 기판 위에 지지층(supporting layer)인 Al의 두께를 변화시켜 증착하고, 열적산화과정을 통해 $Al_2O_3$ 층을 형성한 후 Fe을 증착하여 CNTs를 합성하였다. $Al_2O_3$ 지지층과 Fe 촉매입자의 구조와 화학적 상태를 원자힘현미경 (atomic force microscopy, AFM), 주사전자현미경 (scanning electron microscopy, SEM), 투과전자현미경 (transmission electron microscopy, TEM), X-선 광전자 분광기(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)를 통해 분석하였고, 성장된 CNTs는 SEM, TEM, 라만 분광법 (Raman spectroscopy)을 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과, $Al_2O_3$ 층은 두께에 따라 각기 다른 표면 거칠기(RMS roughness)와 결정립(grain)의 크기를 갖게 되며, 이러한 표면구조가 Fe 촉매입자의 표면확산에 의한 응집에 관여하여 CNTs의 직경에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 $Al_2O_3$ 지지층의 두께가 15 nm인 경우, Fe의 응집현상이 억제되어 좁은 직경분포를 지닌 고순도 단일벽 탄소나노튜브(Single-walled CNTs)가 성장되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제35권9호
• /
• pp.999-1005
• /
• 2011

고무복합재료에 대해 변형에 의한 결정화(SIC)가 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향을 연신율(${\lambda}$) 및 다중벽 탄소나노튜브(CNT)와 카본블랙(CB)의 함유량을 함수로 하여 연구하였다. 시차 주사 열량(DSC) 분석을 통해 CB 및 CNT의 함유량에 따라 결정화 정도가 증가함을 확인 하였다. 또한 연신율이 증가함에 따라 복합재료의 유리전이온도(Tg)는 증가하였고, 결정화 잠열 값(LHc)은 ${\lambda}$=1.5에서 최대값을 보였다. CNT의 함유량 증가에 따라 기계적 특성과 LHc는 비례관계임을 확인하였다. 열 중량 분석(TGA)을 통해 기지의 소실율은 94.3%였고, 복합재료의 소실율은 보강재의 함유량 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 인장탄성율 비는 고무 내의 CNT 배향으로 인장강도 비보다 높게 나타났다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.135-135
• /
• 2016

Recently flexible electrode materials have attracted attention in various electrical devices. In general, copper(Cu) is widely used electrical conductive material. However, Cu film showed drastically reduction of electrical conductivities under an applied tensile strain of 10%. These poor mechanical characteristics of Cu have difficulty applying in flexible electronic applications. In this study, mechanical flexibilities of Cu thin film were improved by hybridization with carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and laser sintering. First, thin carbon nanotube films were fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate by using ultrasonic spray coating of CNT dispersed solution. After then, physically connected CNT-Cu NPs films were formed by utilizing ultrasonic spray coating of Cu nanoparticles dispersed solution on prepared CNT thin films. Finally, CNT-Cu thin films were firmly connected by laser sintering. Therefore, electrical stabilities under mechanical stress of CNT-Cu hybrid thin films were compared with Cu thin films fabricated under same conditions to confirm improvement of mechanical flexibilities by hybridization of CNT and Cu NPs.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2017

In this paper, two types of assemblies using CNT-filled SACAs (with 0.03 wt% CNTs and without CNT) were prepared to investigate the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the reliability properties of solderable anisotropic conductive adhesives (SACAs) with a low-melting-point alloy (LMPA). Two types of reliability test including thermal shock (TS: -55 to $125^{\circ}C$, 1000 cycles) and high-temperature and high-humidity (HTHH: $85^{\circ}C$, 85% RH, 1000 h) tests were conducted. The SACA assemblies with and without CNTs showed stable electrical reliability properties due to the formation of wide and stable metallurgical interconnection between corresponding metallizations by the molten LMPA fillers. Although the mechanical pull strength of CNT-filled SACA assemblies was decreased after thermal aging (because of the excessive layer growth and planarization of the IMCs), the CNT-filled SACA with 0.03wt% CNTs showed enhanced mechanical reliability properties compared with the SACA assemblies no CNTs. This enhancement in mechanical performance was due to the reinforcement effect of the CNTs. These results demonstrate that CNTs within the CNT-filled SACAs can improve the reliability properties of CNT-filled SACAs joints due to their superior physical properties.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.126-129
• /
• 2012

Nanocomposite films were made by a simple solution casting method in which multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and magnetite nanoparticles ($Fe_3O_4$) were used as dopant materials to enhance the electrical conductivity of chitosan nanocomposite films. The films contained fixed CNT concentrations (5, 8, and 10 wt%) and varying $Fe_3O_4$ content. It was determined that a 1:1 ratio of CNT to $Fe_3O_4$ provided optimal conductivity according to dopant material loading. X-ray diffraction patterns for the nanocomposite films, were determined to investigate their chemical and phase composition, revealed that nanoparticle agglomeration occurred at high $Fe_3O_4$ loadings, which hindered the synergistic effect of the doping materials on the conductivity of the films.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 2003

전이금속을 촉매로 이용하여 화학기상증착법 (CVD)으로 탄소나노튜브 (CNT)를 성장시킬 때, 질소분위기가 성장을 증진시킨다는 사실은 잘 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 질소분위기에 의한 CNT 성장증진의 원인이 활성화 질소이며, 활성화 질소가 성장과정 중 CNT의 탄소와 결합함으로써 성장증진효과가 일어남을 보여주었다. 이 결과는 질소의 결합이 튜브상의 흑연판을 만드는데 필요한 탄성변형에너지를 낮추어 주는 역할을 한다는 CNx 박막의 이론적 계산결과와 일치한다. 따라서, 질소의 결합에 의한 CNT의 성장증진 효과는 튜브상의 흑연판 핵 생성과 CNT의 성장에 필요한 임계 에너지의 감소에 의한 것이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.456-461
• /
• 2007

In this study, a surface treatment method using accelerated Ar ions was experimented for exposing the carbon nanotubes (CNT) from the screen-printed CNT paste. After making a cathode electrode on the glass substrate, photo sensitive CNT paste was screen-printed, and then back-side was exposed by UV light. Then, the exposed CNT paste was selectively remained by development. After post-baking, the remained CNT paste was bombarded by accelerated Ar ions for removing some binders and exposing only CNTs. As results, the field emission characteristics were strongly depended on the accelerating energy, bombardment time, and the power of RF plasma ion source. When Ar ions accelerated with 100 eV energy from the 100 W RF plasma source are bombarded on the CNT paste surface for 10 min, the emission level and the uniformity were best.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
• /
• 한국자기학회 2007년도 The 1st International Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Materials
• /
• pp.120.2-120.2
• /
• 2007