• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 1991

The gaseous mixtures of iso-propanol of 10 torr with carbon dioxide of 0∼1990 torr were irradiated with Co-60 gamma radiation up to 50 kGy, and the products such as carbon monoxide, acetone, methane, ethane, C$_3$H$_a$, C$_4$H$_b$ and tert-butanol were analyzed by gas chromatography. G(CO) value of 4 was obtained from the gas mixtures containing more than 490 torr of carbon dioxide. The production rates of the organic products and the decomposition rate of iso-propanol increased linearly with the pressure of carbon dioxide, and G(-iso-Propanol) and G(Acetone) values increased by 4 and 2, respectively, with each 10 torr increment of carbon dioxide pressure. The mechanisms of the radiolytic decomposition of iso-propanol and the production of carbon monoxide and organic materials are discussed on the basis of the experimental results of the present study.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of applying two different additives to the litter on broiler performance and the carbon dioxide gas production in poultry cages. In two different experiments, the carbon dioxide gas production in poultry litter used for 42 days was measured. The chemical additives were applied to the litter at a rate of 200 g aluminum chloride(A1Cl$_3$ㆍ6$H_2O$) or 200 g aluminum sulfate [Al$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$ㆍ14$H_2O$, Alum] + 50 g carbon carbonate per kg litter. There was no effect on broiler performance by the litter additives, but the values of carbon dioxide gas produced from broiler litters which were treated with chemical additives were significantly lower(P < 0.05 and 0.01) than that of the control. This study showed that carbon dioxide gas production can be reduced by chemically treating the litter with A1Cl$_3$ or Alum + CaCO$_3$.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2016

Electrocatalytic reduction can produce useful chemicals and fuels such as carbon monoxide, methane, formate, aldehydes, and alcohols using carbon dioxide, the green house gas, as a reactant through the supply of electrical energy. In this study, tin-lead (Sn-Pb) alloy electrodes are fabricated by electrodeposition on a carbon paper with different alloy composition and used as cathode for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into formate in an aqueous system. The prepared electrodes are measured by Faradaic efficiency and partial current density for formate production. Electrocatalytic reduction experiments are carried out at -1.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) using H-type cell under ambient temperature and pressure and the gas and liquid products are analyzed by gas chromatograph and liquid chromatograph, respectively. As results, the Sn-Pb electrodes show higher Faradaic efficiency and partial current density than the single metal electrode. The Sn-Pb alloy electrode which have Sn:Pb molar ratio=2:1, shows the highest Faradaic efficiency of 88.7%.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 2017

As the energy and environmental problems are increasingly severe, researches about carbon dioxide emissions has aroused widespread concern. The accurate prediction of carbon dioxide emissions is essential for carbon emissions controlling. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and influencing factors in a comprehensive way through correlation analysis and regression analysis, achieving the effective screening of key factors from 16 preliminary selected factors including GDP, total population, total energy consumption, power generation, steel production coal consumption, private owned automobile quantity, etc. Then fruit fly algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of least squares support vector machine. And the optimized model is used for prediction, overcoming the blindness of parameter selection in least squares support vector machine and maximizing the training speed and global searching ability accordingly. The results show that the prediction accuracy of carbon dioxide emissions is improved effectively. Besides, we conclude economic and environmental policy implications on the basis of analysis and calculation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2011

● The current world is suffering abnormal climate caused by global warming. The main cause of global warming is greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide. The carbon labeling system and carbon traceability system being pushed ahead in the agricultural sector is the policy for responding to climate change to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To make this policy more effective and enhanced, the amount of carbon emissions should be calculated based on the kind of crops or the various businesses in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in order to estimate the accurate amount of carbon emissions, it is necessary to establish carbon dioxide emission intensity of various agricultural materials added onto the agriculture, and to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide emission for each crop according to agricultural production. The purpose of this study is to establish the amount of emission, emission per agricultural materials, of agricultural materials being added for crop production as a basic step, and emission intensity which can be used in the future market in order to estimate accurate amount of carbon emission in all the policies being promoted in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in this study, in order to build LCI D/B about organic fertilizers among many organic materials added onto the organic agriculture sector, one leading company in organic fertilizer production was selected and LCA was conducted for this leading company. We had to build the intensity and integrated average concept of intensity upon the two cases once production farmers for their own consumption and farms besides organic fertilizer company were categorized even if it's little amount. But in this study, individually produced organic fertilizers were excluded. Calculated results are following. Carbon emission of mixed expeller cake fertilizer in organic fertilizer was 1,106,966.89kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01606kg-$CO^2$, respectively. Total emission of mixed organic fertilizers was 241,523.2kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01705kg-$CO^2$. And total emission of organic compound fertilizers was 94,592.66kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01769kg-$CO^2$, respectively.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.688-696
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• 2011

Hydrogen is one of the few long-term sustainable clean energy carriers, emitting only water as by-products during its combustion or oxidation. The use of fossil fuels to produce hydrogen makes large amount of carbon dioxide (>7 kg $CO_{2}$/kg $H_{2}$) during the reforming processes. Hydrogen production can be environmentally benign only if the energy and the resource to make hydrogen is sustainable and renewable. Biomass is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels for carbon dioxide because of the hydrogen can be produced by conversion of the biomass and the carbon dioxide formed during hydrogen production is consumed by biomass generation process. Hydrogen production using solar energy also attracts great attention because of the potential to use abundance natural energy and water.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.599-607
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• 2018

Objectives: Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) may be one of the biggest causes of climate change. The purposes of this study were to reduce greenhouse gases and to increase strawberry production by developing the supply devices in livestock facilities using the membrane technology Methods: Carbon dioxide was collected from beside to livestock facilities. The injection of $CO_2$ was stopped when it reached 1,000 ppm in the facility house. Case group with injection of $CO_2$ was compared to control group with normal environment. The experiments were conducted for 8 days from December 11, 2017. Results: Total strawberry production was found to be 1,317 kg in the case group and 1,176 kg in the control group. The correlation between $CO_2$ and crop yields has led to some statistical evidence that carbon dioxide helps to grow (${\beta}=0.832$, p<0.05). Conclusions: This study identified the potential for efforts to reduce the $CO_2$ in farming households. Increased concentrations of $CO_2$ have shown that strawberries have a better growth condition. In addition, it can be explained that the plants need wide leaves to quickly absorb much $CO_2$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2009

The solid carbon dioxide used for prolongation shelf life of radish sprout that was just 7days. The developed equipment for treated carbon dioxide consisted of solid carbon dioxide evaporated part and high carbon dioxide and low temperature treated part that can hold products. The inner temperature of equipment decreased temperature to below $5^{\circ}C$ from room temperature for 10minutes and carbon dioxide concentration increased to 80%. The radish sprouts treated 4 different conditions that was nontreated condition (control), solid carbon dioxide put into package (CO2-1), solid carbon dioxide treated before storage using the developed equipment (CO2-2), solid carbon dioxide treated before storage and during storage, and sprout packaged with solid carbon dioxide (CO2-3). These radish sprout packaged with $25{\mu}m$ ceramic film stored at $8^{\circ}C$. The high carbon dioxide treatment did not affect the fresh weight loss. The carbon dioxide and oxygen content in package changed 40% and 10%, respectively in CO2-1 and CO2-2 at 1day after treatments. But carbon dioxide content of all treatments was decreased to 5% and stabilized. The high carbon dioxide showed the effect of reduction ethylene production, but did not affect to visual quality and offodor.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.849-854
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• 2022

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of supercritical carbon dioxide selective extracts, which extract decursin and decursinol angelate, the vital active ingredients of Angelica gigas Nakai, in high yield, was measured compared to that of ethanol extracts. To measure the anti-inflammatory effect, the production of nitric oxide(NO), an inflammatory mediator, and interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8, inflammatory cytokines, was measured. NO production was measured by Griess assay on Raw 264.7 cells induced inflammatory response by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and IL-6 and IL-8 production was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA) on human keratinocyte cell line(HaCaT) cells induced inflammatory response by tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. The amount of NO production was suppressed outstandingly by the supercritical carbon dioxide extracts compared to the ethanol extracts. The amount of IL-6 and IL-8 production was increased by the ethanol extracts, whereas statistically significantly inhibited by supercritical carbon dioxide extracts at the concentration of 6.25 ㎍/mL(P<0.01). Through these results, we confirmed that the supercritical carbon dioxide selective extracts of Angelica gigas Nakai could be used as an anti-inflammatory cosmeceutical material to alleviate atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

The use of fly ash in construction materials is increasing worldwide due the various advantages of using it, such as to produce durable concrete, or to use less cement and thus lower carbon dioxide emissions. The quality of fly ash is often determined by loss on ignition value (LOI), where an upper limit of LOI is set in each country for quality control purpose. However, due to many reasons, production of high LOI fly ash is increasing that cannot be utilized in concrete, ending up in landfill. In this study, the effect of fly ash use in cementitious materials on nitrogen oxides adsorption is examined. In particular, the effect of using high LOI, and thus high carbon content fly ash on nitrogen oxides adsorption is investigated. The results suggest that the higher carbon content fly ash is related to higher nitrogen dioxide adsorption, although normal fly ash was also more effective in nitrogen dioxide adsorption than ordinary portland cement. Also, higher replacement rate of up to 40% of fly ash is beneficial for nitrogen dioxide adsorption. These results demonstrate that high carbon fly ash can be used as construction materials in an environmentally friendly way where strength requirement is low and where nitrogen oxides emissions are high.