• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.326-329
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• 2015

This study is to develop the double capsulation technology in order to increase the conservativeness and stability of unstable materials such as vitamins, polyphenols, natural active ingredients. And also, best way of triple matrix capsulation using natural polymers were detail described. As the first capsulation with w/o/w (water-in-oil-in-water) emulsifying system, our study group was especially made to soft and moisture cream using 5wt% of sucrose ester emulsifier as first capsulation. Nutrient agents are squalane, camellia oil. Triple matrix capsulation was formed with the best stabilized bead type capsules when it blended of chitosan, algin, sodium-potassium alginate. The bead diameter size was about 2.0~4.5mm (mean diameter: 3.2mm). Activity of lactobacillus containing cream for depending on various pH variations showed that alkalinity ($pH=10.8{\pm}0.5$) condition was higher than acidity ($pH=4.2{\pm}0.2$) and neutrality ($pH=7.1{\pm}0.3$) conditions. After a month, it also was certified to the activity of lactobacillus in incubated at $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ in culture medium. As application of food industry, we developed the containing lactobacillus capsule and 7 colored kinds of double and triple matrix capsulation in yogurt cream and active ingredients. As for above mentioned those results, one of tool to stabilize the living lactobacillus, doubled matrix capsulation greatly be expected to contribute to food industry. Furthermore, it can be expected to apply the drug delivery system (DDS) to active ingredients of stabilizing technologies at drug, pharmaceutical division and cosmetic industry, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.579-587
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• 2015

In this paper, microencapsulated healing agent was embedded in the polymer matrix to obtain self healing properties. Microencapsulation of methacrylate using polyurea-formaldehyde as a shell material and studied the effect of agitation rate on capsule characteristics such as size, shell thickness, and surface morphology. The formation of microcapsules was confirmed by FTIR and TGA, and capsule characteristics were studied by optical microscopy and SEM. The self-healing effect was evaluated using permeability measurements and further confirmed by surface analytical tools including optical microscope. According to the experimental results, the microencapsulated healing system has the self-heaing ability for artificial cracks.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2002

Thirty five catfish (Silurus asotus) cultured in a fish farm of Jungeup and 222 wild goby (Acanthoguobius flavimanus) caught from the estuary of Mankyoung River, Chonbuk province of Korea were examined the prevalence of myxosporidian infestation. A lot of white spherical myxosporidian cysts in the intestinal epithelium of catfish and the muscle of goby were easily found. The cysts in size were 56 × 73 (42-77 × 59-93 ㎜) in catfish and 2.43 × 0.95 ㎜ in goby. The infection rate (%) were 88.4 in catfish and 89.4 in goby. The Myxosporidians from the intestine of catfish and from the musculature of goby were identified as Myxoborus miyairii and Henneguya tridentigeri on the basis of the shape and structure of the spores under a light microscope. imensions (㎜) of fresh spores of Myxoborus miyairii: length, 11.0-12.0; width, 5.0-6.0; thickness, 3.5-4.0; polar capsule: length, 5.0-5.5; thickness, 1.5-2.0; polar filament: length, 40-45. Dimensions ($\mu{m}$) of fresh spore of Henneguya. tridentigeri: length, 10.0-12.0; width 6.0-8.0; thickness, 4.8; polar capsule: length, 4.6; thickness, 2.6; iodinophilic vacuole: 2.8 × 2.4. No significant pathological change was found from the infected fish. This is the first report on M. miyairii and H. tridentigeri from fish species in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.694-701
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• 2015

In order to get stabilized pure retinol in skin care cosmetics, developing the three layered matrix bead capsules were studied. This study relates to make a cosmetic composition using the three layered matrix capsule that could increase the stability of the active ingredient. A primary encapsulation, vitamin A (pure retinol) of active ingredient was perfectly capsulated into water-in-oil (Water-in-Oil: W/O) emulsion vesicle using PEG-10 dimethicone copolyol emulsifier. A secondary encapsulation of multiple emulsion of the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion blending W/O emulsion using sucrose distearate of surfactant was developed using homogenizing emulsifying system. Pure retinol of active ingredient was stably capsulized to inside the W/O/W-multiple emulsion in order to load the triple matrix capsulation. By coating it with a polymer matrix base, encapsulated in the triple layered type, which were developed bead encapsulation of 2~10mm uniformly size. To show beautifully appearance capsulated bead type, these finish particles in this triple matrix layer were developed as a gold, green, dark brown, silver and blue color were encapsulated in the bead types. Structural particle certification of triple matrix layer was observed through SEM analysis. Stability of pure retinol was remained stable more than 99.7% for 30 days at $42^{\circ}C$ incubating conditions compared with non-capsule. This technology was applied in different formulations such as various sizes and colors that by applying the skin care cosmetics. In the future, this technology to encapsulate an unstable active ingredient, we expect to be expanded this application in the food and drug as a time delivery system.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.14 no.4 s.25
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• pp.215-219
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• 1975

The number of instars of pear sawfly larvae (Janus piri Okamoto) collected front field pear trees, were determined by measuring the width of head capsule, and the growth ratio in each instar was also studied. 1. The larval head width had six distinct peaks, which suggests that the larva of this insect passes six instars. 2. The head width tended to increase as the instars avdance, except in tile first and second instars. The coeffieient of variation decressed as the instars advanced. The growth ratio, which was similarly great in the first and second instars, decreased as the instars advanced. 3. Gains' and Campbell's formulae seemed to be more suitable than Dyer's for the determination of larval instars of this insect by the measurement of headwidth. 4. The larval instars could be inferred from the extent of damage to pear tree by this insect; that is the larvae in the second to fourth instars usually gave slight and invissible damage, while those in the fifth to sixth instars gave rapid and severe damage.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.268-279
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• 2003

The nano capsulation of the ceramide was a technique that capsulated ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate at the mono-vesicle, so as to act the horny layer in skin. It was used 0.5-5.0 wt% of hydrogenated lecithin and 0.01~2.00 wt% of lysolecithin as the membrane-strengthen agents of the mono-vesicle, 5.0~10 wt% of propylene glycol and 5.0~10.0 wt% of ethyl alcohol made by high-pressure Microfluidizer. To enhance the moisturizing efficacy and treat an atopy skin, used ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate as the active ingredients, and it was made the nano-capsule that synthetic emulsifiers were free. The optimal condition of capsulation of nano ceramide was as follows. The conditions were 3 times at 1,000bar and 60-7$0^{\circ}C$. The particle size showed 63.1$\pm$7.34 nm such as the transparence water as the results for measuring by the laser light scattering. A zeta potential value was -55.1$\pm$0.84 ㎷. The result of the clinical test, the moisturizing effect (in-vivo, n=8, p-value<0.05) was improved 21.15% compared to control, as well as it was improved 36.31 % before the treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of atopy skin indicated positive reaction that patients were 10 volunteers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2021

The cosmetic industry is technology-intensive in the field of fine chemistry and continues to grow globally. The functional aspects have been mainly emphasized in the past to increase the market share in these cosmetics industries. Recently, however, efforts have been made to attract the attention of consumers to the visual effects as well as the excellent performance of cosmetics at home and abroad. Accordingly, cosmetic manufacturers are trying various technologies that encapsulate the cosmetic emulsion and modify the shape, color, and texture of the emulsion capsule. The basic and easiest method of encapsulating emulsion is dropping the emulsion through the nozzle from emulsion storage. On the other hand, the existing method of encapsulating emulsion has a limit in reducing the size of the capsule. In this study, the limit was shown by theory and numerical analysis method, and the emulsion encapsulation phenomena occurring in the micro-channel were studied to apply microfluidics as an alternative.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1980

Sesame cultivar Suweon 9 was sown at two planting time, June 19 and July 3, to study flowering and seed maturation process. Flowering began at 37-40 days after sowing at the 2-4th node and proceeded to upper node with the speed of 1.78 days (June 19 planting) and 1.56 days (July 3 planting) per node until Sept. 1. Sesame capsule reached its full size about 10 days after flowering. Number of sesame seed increased until 15 days, but seed weight gain occurred from 10 days to 35 days after flowering, that meant 25 days the actual seed filling period. The capsule flowered later than Aug. 14 remained immature. There was no more seed weight gain when average. temperature dropped below $20^{\circ}C$ (around Sept.15) and 50% of leaves had senesced. Discussion includes that sesame as an 8determinate plant may have independent source-sink relationship at each node.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2018

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of low-temperature encapsulation on the viability of Weissella cibaria CMU under harsh conditions and in freeze-dried foods during storage. The capsules were prepared by gelation of sodium caseinate at different concentrations (5%, 6%, 7%, and 8%) with a combination of 0.5% gellan gum and 2% $glucono-{\delta}-lactone$. The size distribution of the capsules was determined using a Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the capsule with 6% sodium caseinate had a smooth and rounded external surface, with reproducibility. The acid, bile, and heat tolerances of the encapsulated cells were significantly higher than those of the control under prolonged acid (5 h), bile (12 and 24 h), and heat (2 h) exposure, respectively. During storage for up to 6 months at $4^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$, the viability of encapsulated Weissella cibaria CMU in beef and vegetable rice porridge was effectively improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.282-282
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to prepare the nifedipine dry elixir (NDE) and coated nifedipine dry elixir (CNDE) containing nifedipine ethanol solution for improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of nifedipine. NDE containing nifedipine and ethanol in wall materials of dextrin was prepared using a spray-dryer and then NDE was coated with eudragit acrylic resin to make CNDE. Shape and size of the NDE and CNDE were monitored by scanning electron micrograph and laser particle size analyzer In vitro dissolution tests were performed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. Bioavailability of NDE and CNDE were compared with drug powder suspension and commercial soft capsule after oral administration of the preparations to rats. NDE and CNDE are spherical in shape. Cross-sectional view of dry elixirs indicates the large inter cavity containing ethanolic drug solution in shell. Geometric mean diameter of NDE and CNDE is about 6.64 and 8.70 $\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. Drug dissolution rate within first 5 min from NDE increased dramatically irrespective of dissolution medium. However, CNDE showed a particularly retarded dissolution rate in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid compared with NDE. The bioavailability of nifedipine in the NDE was increased dramatically compared with drug powder suspension. CNDE reduced initial burst-out plasma peak compared with NDE. CNDE as a sustained release delivery system could reduce the initial burst-out plasma peak due to controlling the release rate of nifedipine from NDE and maintain the effective plasma level over a longer period within therapeutic window with enhanced bioavailability of nifedipine.