• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.359-363
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• 1983

육가공품(肉加工品)의 부원료(副原料)로 사용(使用)하고 있는 고추장분말(粉末)에 대하여 감마선(線)을 조사(照射)하고 3개월간 저장(貯藏)하면서 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性) 및 그 품질(品質) 변화(變化)를 실험(實驗)하였다. 1. 성분변화(成分變化)에 있어서 전당(全糖)과 환원당(還元糖)이 조사구(照射區)에서 비조사구(非照射區)보다 약간 증가 하였을 뿐 일반성분(一般成分)에 있어서는 별(別) 차이(差異)가 없었다. 2. 아세톤 추출물(抽出物)(Capsanthin) 은 선량(線量)이 증가함에 따라 약간 감소(減少)하였다. 3. 분말자체(粉末自體)의 색도변화(色度變化)에 있어서 육안적(肉眼的) 차이(差異)는 없었으나 기계적(機械的) 측정(測定)에서는 근소한 차이(差異)가 있었다. 4. 일반세균(一般細菌)은 10kGY, 대장균(大腸菌)은 5kGY의 감마선(線) 조사(照射)에서 살균(殺菌)되었고 $37^{\circ}C$에서 3개월간(個月間) 저장후(貯藏後)에도 미생물(微生物)은 전(全)혀 생육(生育)하지 않았다. 5. 감마선(線) 조사(照射)에 의한 고추장분말(粉末)의 살균(殺菌)은 재래적(在來的)인 살균법(殺菌法)보다 건전성(建全性)과 살균효과면(殺菌效果面)에서 우수하다고 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.188-192
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• 1984

유통되고 있는 고추가루의 위생적인 측면에 감안하여 건조 고추를 직접 구입하여 마쇄한 시료와 분말 제품화된 시료의 미생물 오염도와 ${\gamma}$-선 살균 선량 및 저장중 이화학적 특성 변화를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 유통되고 있는 고추가루의 일반 세균은 g당 $3.83{\sim}6.68{\times}10^6$정도였으며, 대장균 군이 양성으로 나타난 시료도 있었다. 2. ${\gamma}$-선의 살균효과에서 일반 세균은 6kGy조사로서 1/2로 감균되었고, 9 kGy 조사에서는 완전 살균 되어 3개월 저장 후에도 미생물은 전혀 생육되지 않았으며, 세균의 $D_{10}$ 값은 1.52${\sim}$1.58 kGy로 나타났고 대장균 군은 3 kGy 조사로서 불활성화 되었다. 3. 고추가루의 수분, 전당 및 환원당은 저장 중 크게 변화되지 않았으며, capsanthin 함량은 조사 직후 다소 감소되었으나 저장 기간의 경과로 비조사구와 비슷한 수준이었고 capsaicin은 살균 선량에서 조금 낮은 함량을 보였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.589-595
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• 2001

고추장의 저장성 향상을 목적으로 숙성이 완료된 고추장에 마늘이나 알콜, 키토산, K-sorbate, 겨자를 첨가하거나 저온살균 처리를 하여 포장하고 $30^{\circ}C$에서 24주간 저장하면서 미생물과 이화학적 특성의 변화를 비교하였다. 수분활성도는 저장 12주 이후에 감소하나, 점조성은 저장 중 증가하였고 겨자와 마늘 첨가구에서 높았다. 고추장의 색도는 저장 중에 a 와 b값의 감소가 심하였고, ${\Delta}E$값의 증가는 키토산 첨가구에 비하여 알콜 첨가구에서 높았다. 가스발생은 저장 20일 이내에 대조구와 키토산 첨가구에서 심하였다. Capsanthin의 감소는 알콜이나 마늘, 겨자 첨가 고추장에서 심하였다. 고추장 중의 효모와 호기성 세균수는 저장 12주 전후까지 증가하나 이후 감소하였고, 효모수는 K-sorbate와 알콜 첨가구에서 적은 경향이었다. 고추장의 ${\alpha}-amylase$ 활성은 저장 중 감소하여 미약하였으나 ${\beta}-amylase$ 활성은 알콜이나 마늘, K-sorbate, 저온살균 고추장에서 높았고, protease 활성은 저장 중 낮았고 불규칙한 증감을 보였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to examine changes in the color and antioxidant compounds of paprika powder under various conditions, as well as to establish the suitable conditions for drying and storage. Paprika was dried using the following methods: freeze-drying, vacuum drying, far infrared-ray drying, and hot-air drying. Measurements of the moisture content, color pigments, and antioxidant compounds (total carotenoids, capsanthin, ascorbic acid, and total polyphenols) were completed during 120 days of storage at 4 and $30^{\circ}C$. We found that drying methods, storage temperatures, and packaging materials affected the American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) and Hunter color values, as well as the antioxidant content of paprika powder. There was a high correlation (r=0.87, p<0.01) between the ASTA color and the $a^*/b^*$ value. The loss of red color was closely related to the reduction of moisture content (r=0.81, p<0.01) during storage. Drying paprika with a low temperature in the absence of air resulted in better retention of the carotenoids and ascorbic acid. Also, as the retention of the carotenoids and ascorbic acid increased, the stability of the red pigment increased. Freeze-drying was found to be the most suitable drying method for the stability of the antioxidant compounds and red pigment.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2000

Water and ethanol extracts of fresh red peppers were obtained by two methods, conventional extraction (CE) and microwave-assiated extraction (MAE), under different extraction conditions. Red pepper oleoresins extracted by CE and MAE were examined in oleoresin yield and physiological activities. The proper extraction time of MAE was about 5 minutes, whereas that of CE was 2 hours. therefore extraction time was decreased drastically by MAE but there was no significance in oleolesin yields. the electron donating abilities also showed negligible difference between two extracts obtained by CE and MAE, and 80% level in all extracts . the nitrite scavenging effect was reduced by increased of ph , and showed a high elimination effect over 85% at ph 1.2. All extracts had a high tyrosinase inhibitory effects of 100%. The angiotensin I-conventing enzyme effect showed higher activity with over 80% in MAE than 70% level in CE. the capsanthin was extracted with ethanol and was 11.4 and 12.9 ${\mu}$moles per 1 g of fresh red pepper by CE and MAE, respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1994

As the way of mass process of red pepper, extraction of oleoresin, which is labile during distribtuion and long-term storage, is alternative way to minimize markdown of red pepper quality. Changes of carotenoid pigments in modified oleoresin during cooking at high temperature were investigated. Dried red peperwas milled to 100 mesh of size particle and oily compounds were extracted by reduced pressure steam distillation. The rest part was reetracted and concentrated. The extracts were combined . The same volume of water and 4 % of polyglycerol condensed ricinoleate (PGDR) were added to the combined extract, and emulsified to make oleroesin. Capsanthin among dried red pepper, was the most abundant carotenoid (97.80mg%) followed by $\beta$ -cartoene, cryptoxanghin ,violaxanthin, crypotocapsin, and capsorubin. Oleoresin is acquiesce in the same order of raw red pepper. Transmittal of color components from raw red pepper to oleroresin was over 85% in cryptoxanthin, crytocapsin, and $\beta$ -carotene, over 70% in capsolutein and hydroxycapsolutein, and under 50% in antheraxanthin and mutatoxanthi Crytocapsin cryptoxanthin, an capsorubin in oleoresin red pepper were remained 72.1, 51.8 and 25.25, respectively, after cooking for 5hours at10$0^{\circ}C$. Color compounds were unsteady by cooking , About 90% of color compounds were destroyed by 3 hours cooking at 15$0^{\circ}C$. But, they were more thermostable under nitrogen circumstance than air one.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2018

This study was carried out to determine the optimal storage conditions by examining the effects of the storage conditions on the quality of red pepper powder during storage in households. Red pepper powder was stored at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$), refrigeration (2 and $-1^{\circ}C$) and frozen (-5 and $-20^{\circ}C$) for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The ASTA color value, capsanthin content and redness ($a^{\ast}$) of the red pepper powders stored at -5 and $-20^{\circ}C$ were not decreased significantly depending on the storage temperatures until 9 months. The pH of red pepper powder stored at $20^{\circ}C$ decreased significantly until 9 months and increased at 12 months. The microbiological quality of the red pepper powder stored at -5 and $-20^{\circ}C$ was more stable during long-term storage. In the sensory evaluation of red pepper powder stored under all conditions, the overall freshness, redness, hot flavor, moisture release, and edibility decreased with increasing storage period from the control to 12 months. Moisture release increased from 3 months to 12 months. Overall, red pepper should be stored at low temperatures (2, $-1^{\circ}C$) for up to 6 months, and frozen (${\geq} -5^{\circ}C$) for 6 to 9 months. The optimal temperature for long-term storage (${\geq}9$ months) was $-20^{\circ}C$.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2014

This study analyzed phytochemicals, including various carotenoids, tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid, in green, yellow and orange paprikas (GP, YP and OP) and measured the preventive effects of lipophilic extracts from different colored paprikas on the blockage of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), which is known as a cellular event associated with tumor promotion. Main carotenoids were lutein and ${\beta}$-carotene in GP, lutein, ${\beta}$-carotene, capsanthin, violaxanthin, ${\beta}$-carotene and capsorubin in YP, and lutein, ${\beta}$-carotene, cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin in OP. Total carotenoid contents were $65.54{\pm}15.87$ mg/100 g dw in OP, $11.98{\pm}0.69$ mg/100 g dw in YP and $10.30{\pm}1.43$ mg/100 g dw in GP. Tocopherol contents were highest in GP compared with in YP and OP, whereas L-ascorbic acid contents were very high in all paprikas. We determined the non-cytotoxic levels of paprika extracts by MTT assay, which showed less formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $500{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ for 1h. Finally, we showed that pretreatment of paprika extracts prevented inhibition of GJIC induced by $500{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ by the scrape-loading/dye-transfer technique. In conclusion, each colored paprika has unique phytochemicals and showed a protective effect on inhibition of GJIC.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.8089-8095
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• 2015

우리나라 발효음식 중 콩과 고춧가루를 이용한 발효식품인 고추장은 다양하게 조리에 응용하며 매운맛, 단맛, 짠맛이 어우러진 맛을 가졌고, 단백질, 탄수화물, 캡사이신, 비타민, 무기질 등 다양한 영양소가 함유된 전통발효식품이다. 전통발효방법에 의하여 정통성을 유지하고 우수한 생리활성을 유지하면서 세계인들에게 적용할 수 있는 조리 형태는 소스이므로 고추장의 독특한 향미와 맛, 영양적 가치를 가진 우리의 전통식품인 고추장을 세계적 식품으로 발전시키고저 고추장의 물성 및 매운맛을 조절하여 소스로서 사용하기 편하도록 편의성을 향상시킨 소스를 개발하여 스테이크, 튀긴음식, 피자등에 응용하고자한다. 이를 위해서 세계적소스의 품질특성조사를 통하여 전통고추장을 변형한 소스에 적용하여 물성, 매운맛의 정도를 달리하여 다양한 요리에 적용할 수 있는 소스를 제시하고저 강한 붉은색을 띠며 (L값: 12.11-->24.4) 산도를 조절하여 토마토 페이스트와 1:1 혹은 1.5:1로 조절하여 고추장 소스를 개발하여 관능검사 결과 소스로의 전환에 긍정적인 결과를 얻었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2017

Capsicum annuum L. (CA) is reported to be the most widely cultivated species of the Capsicum throughout the world. Its fruit and the seeds have been used as spice after drying and grinding. It is reported that the fruit and seeds contain capsaicinoid such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, carotenoid such as capsanthin and ${\beta}$-carotene with its anti-tumor effect, anti-obesity effect, anti-diabetic action. Present study, we isolated two lignans, icariside $E_5$ and vanilloyl icariside $E_5$ from the seed of CA and validation and content determination were confirmed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). As a result, the contents of the lignans, icariside $E_5$ and vanilloyl icariside $E_5$ were 0.28%, 0.085%, respectively in the extract.