• 제목/요약/키워드: capillarity

검색결과 38건 처리시간 0.021초

Smart geophysical characterization of particulate materials in a laboratory

  • Kwon, Tae-Hyuk;Cho, Gye-Chun
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.217-233
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    • 2005
  • Elastic and electromagnetic waves can be used to gather important information about particulate materials. To facilitate smart geophysical characterization of particulate materials, their fundamental properties are discussed and experimental procedures are presented for both elastic and electromagnetic waves. The first application is related to the characterization of particulate materials using shear waves, concentrating on changes in effective stress during consolidation, multi-phase phenomena with relation to capillarity, and microscale characteristics of particles. The second application involves electromagnetic waves, focusing on stratigraphy detection in layered soils, estimation of void ratio and its spatial distribution, and conduction in unsaturated soils. Experimental results suggest that shear waves allow studying particle contact phenomena and the evolution of interparticle forces, while electromagnetic waves give insight into the characteristics of the fluid phase and its spatial distribution.

The Effect of Powder Characteristics on the Permeability of Copper Powder Wicks in Heat Pipe Applications

  • Lin, Yueh-Ju;Hwang, Kuen-Shyang
    • 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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    • pp.318-319
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    • 2006
  • The thermal dissipation performance of sintered heat pipes is usually determined by the capillarity and permeability of the Cu powder wicks. Since the capillary provided by the Cu powder is usually large enough to draw water from the condenser end to the evaporator end, the permeability has become the controlling factor. In this study, Cu powders with different particle sizes and shapes were loosely sintered, and their permeabilities were compared. The results show that more complicated shapes, finer particle sizes, lower porosities, and rougher pore surfaces give lower permeability and thermal dissipation.

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공극 구조 내 교차 주입이 비혼성 유체의 포획 및 거동에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Cyclic Injection on Migration and Trapping of Immiscible Fluids in Porous Media)

  • 안혜진;김선옥;이민희;왕수균
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.37-48
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    • 2019
  • 이산화탄소 지중저장 수행 중 저류층 내부에서 나타나는 비혼성 유체의 대체 과정은 다공성 매체의 공극 표면에 대한 각 유체의 습윤 특성에 따라서 배수(drainage)와 흡수(imbibition)로 구분되는데, 각 과정 동안 나타나는 비혼성 유체 간의 거동 및 포획 양상을 이해하는 것은 주입 효율성 및 저장 안정성을 평가하는데 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 다공성 매체 내 주기적인 배수와 흡수 과정의 수행을 통해 공극 구조 내 비혼성 유체의 거동 양상 및 분포의 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 2차원 마이크로모델 내부로 이산화탄소와 공극수의 대체 유체로서 선정된 헥산과 탈이온수를 주기적으로 교차 주입하는 실험을 수행하였다. 관측 결과를 이용하여 각 유체 주입 과정에서 나타나는 두 비혼성 유체의 거동 양상을 비교 분석하고, 잔류 유체의 포화도를 산정하였다. 분석의 결과로서 헥산과 탈이온수의 잔류 포획 유형을 기작에 따라 습윤성(wettability), 모관압(capillarity), 막다른 공극(dead end zone), 포위(entrapment) 그리고 우회(bypassing)로 구분하였다. 또한, 교차 주입이 거듭됨에 따라 공극 구조 내에서 주입 유체의 흐름 경로는 주 흐름 경로(main flow channel)를 중심으로 단순화되었으며, 이로 인하여 주입 유체의 대체 효율은 일정한 값으로 수렴하였다. 실험적 관측과 분석의 결과는 실제 이산화탄소 지중저장 환경에서 습윤성-비습윤성 유체의 주기적인 교차 주입이 야기하는 저장층 내 비혼성 유체의 거동과 분포, 그리고 주입 유체의 대체 효율을 예측하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Effects of elastic strain on the agglomeration of silicide films for electrical contacts in integrated circuit applications

  • Choy, J.H.
    • 한국결정성장학회지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2004
  • This paper reports a potential problem in the electrical performance of the silicide film to silicon contacts with respect to the scaling trend in integrated circuit (IC) devices. The effects of elastic strain on the agglomeration of the coherent silicide film embedded in an infinite matrix are studied employing continuum linear elasticity and finite-difference numerical method. The interface atomic diffusion is taken to be the dominant transport mechanism where both capillarity and elastic strain are considered for the driving forces. Under plane strain condition with elastically homogeneous and anisotropic system with cubic symmetry, the dilatational misfit and the tetragonal misfit in the direction parallel to the film thickness are considered. The numerical results on the shape evolution agree with the known trend that the equilibrium aspect ratio of the film increases with the elastic strain intensity. When the elastic strain intensity is taken to be only a function of the film size, the flat film morphology with a large aspect ratio becomes increasingly unstable since the equilibrium aspect ratio decreases, as the film scales. The shape evolution results in a large decrease in contact to silicon area, and may deteriorate the electrical performances.

Mechanics of the slaking of shales

  • Vallejo, Luis E.
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.219-231
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    • 2011
  • Waste fills resulting from coal mining should consist of large, free-draining sedimentary rocks fragments. The successful performance of these fills is related to the strength and durability of the individual rock fragments. When fills are made of shale fragments, some fragments will be durable and some will degrade into soil particles resulting from slaking and inter-particle point loads. The degraded material fills the voids between the intact fragments, and results in settlement. A laboratory program with point load and slake durability tests as well as thin section examination of sixty-eight shale samples from the Appalachian region of the United States revealed that pore micro-geometry has a major influence on degradation. Under saturated and unsaturated conditions, the shales absorb water, and the air in their pores is compressed, breaking the shales. This breakage was more pronounced in shales with smooth pore boundaries and having a diameter equal to or smaller than 0.060 mm. If the pore walls were rough, the air-pressure breaking mechanism was not effective. However, pore roughness (measured by the fractal dimension) had a detrimental effect on point load resistance. This study indicated that the optimum shales to resist both slaking as well as point loads are those that have pores with a fractal dimension equal to 1.425 and a diameter equal to or smaller than 0.06 mm.

탄성파를 이용한 흙의 특성연구 (Soil Properties in Relation to Elastic Wave)

  • 조계춘;이인모
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.83-101
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    • 2002
  • 탄성파는 지표면에 가까운 흙에 관한 중요한 정보를 공급한다. 흙특성 파악에 물리탐사기법의 원활한 적용을 위하여 탄성파인자와 흙특성과의 관계를 고찰하였다. 적용 예로서, 비포화토의 거동 및 특성을 전단파 시험을 통하여 알아보았다. 포화시료를 건조하면서 밴더엘리먼트를 사용하여 미소변형률 전단강성을 연속적으로 측정하였다. 비포화토에서는 모세관현상, 이온공유에 의한 접착, 세립자 이동에 의한 강화효과, 염 침전에 의한 시멘트결합과 같은 입자간 힘의 변화가 강성의 변화에 직접적으로 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 비포화토의 시료를 교란함으로써 메니스커스의 회복에 대한 연구를 수행하였고, 비포화토에서 일어나는 여러 가지 현상들을 제시하였다.

Biomimetically Engineered Polymeric Surfaces for Micro-scale Tribology

  • Singh R. Arvind;Kim Hong-Joon;Kong Ho-Sung;Yoon Eui-Sung
    • KSTLE International Journal
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.14-17
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, we report on the replication of surface topography of natural leaf of Lotus onto thin polymeric films using a capillarity-directed soft lithographic technique. PDMS molds were used to replicate the surface. The replication was carried out on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film coated on silicon wafer. The patterns so obtained were investigated for their friction properties at micro-scale using a ball-on-flat type micro-tribo tester, under reciprocating motion. Soda lime balls (1 mm diameter) were used as counterface sliders. Friction tests were conducted at a constant applied normal load of $3000{\mu}N$ and speed of 1mm/s. All experiments were conducted at ambient temperature ($24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity ($45{\pm}5%$). Results showed that the patterned samples exhibited superior tribological properties when compared to the silicon wafer and non patterned sample (PMMA thin film). The reduced real area of contact projected by the surfaces was the main reason for their enhanced friction property.

Durability properties of mortars with fly ash containing recycled aggregates

  • Kurbetci, Sirin;Nas, Memduh;Sahin, Mustafa
    • Advances in concrete construction
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.101-111
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    • 2022
  • The rapid development of the construction industry in the world causes a rapid increase in the consumption of aggregate resources, which leads to the depletion of existing aggregate reserves. The use of recycled aggregate in the production of concrete and mortar may be a good solution to reduce the use of natural raw materials and to reduce demolition waste in the environment. In this study investigating the use of recycled aggregate in mortar production, mortar mixtures were produced by substituting 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% fine recycled aggregate (FRA) instead of natural aggregate. The effect of 20% and 40% fly ash (FA) substitutes on cement mortar performance was also investigated. Compressive and flexural strength, drying shrinkage, abrasion resistance, water absorption and capillary water absorption were investigated on the produced mortars. The increase in the use of FRA reduced the compressive and flexural strengths of mortars. While the capillarity coefficients, water absorption, rapid chloride permeability and drying shrinkage of the mortars increased with the increase in the use of FRA, the effect of the use of fly ash on the rate of increase remained lower. The increased use of FRA has improved abrasion resistance as well.

불포화 사질토의 전단특성 (The Shear Characteristics of Unsaturated Sandy Soils)

  • 임성윤
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제23권10호
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2007
  • 현재 불포화토에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔고 최근 들어 많은 연구자들이 불포화지반의 안정성을 보다 합리적으로 판단하고 해석하기 위해 불포화상태를 고려한 연구의 필요성을 제기하여 왔다. 이를 위해서는 흡인력에 대한 전단강도의 증진효과를 정량화하고 이를 안정해석에 적용하는 것이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 불포화 사질토의 전단강도 특성을 규명하기 일해서 국내에 널리 분포하는 화강풍화토 7가지를 대상으로 불포화 삼축압축시험을 수행하였으며, 결과치를 분석하여 강도특성을 규명하고자 한다.

Legionella Pneumophila 검출을 위한 효소면역측정 스트립 센서 (An Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Strip Sensor for the Detection of Legionella Pneumophila)

  • 김영기;박소정
    • 공업화학
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    • 제25권5호
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    • pp.544-547
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 효소면역 분석법(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)과 면역크로마토그래픽 기법을 결합하여 Legionella pneumophila 검출을 위한 면역스트립을 제작하였다. 면역스트립은 4종의 멤브레인을 이용하여 제작하였다. 니트로셀룰로오스 멤브레인은 포획항체를 고정화하여 신호 발생을 일으키기 위해 사용되었고, 두 종류의 유리섬유 멤브레인은 각각 중합체 패드와 시료주입 패드로 사용되었다. 셀룰로오스 멤브레인은 모세관 현상으로 시료흐름을 유도하는 흡수 패드로 이용하였다. 샌드위치 면역반응과 효소반응에 의해 30 min 이내에 생성된 발색신호는 정성 및 정량 분석이 가능하였다. 분석조건 하에서 육안에 의한 정성 검출뿐 아니라, $1.3{\times}10^3-1.3{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ 범위의 L. pneumophila 농도를 디지털카메라와 자체 제작된 소프트웨어를 이용하여 정량적으로 분석할 수 있었다.