• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.2085-2089
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate attitudes women of towards cervical cancer prevention applications and early diagnosis, and whether or not their hopelessness levels had any influence. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out in Isparta with a descriptive design. A sample of 251 individuals was recruited from January 2011 through May 2011 in the largest tea garden (restaurant-cafe). The data collection tool consisted of two parts: a "Questionnaire Form" identifying women; and the "Beck Hopelessness Scale". Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 16.0 for Windows for the numerical and percentage distribution, average, standard deviation with the ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Some 70.2 % of the woman indicated that they had not taken the Pap test. There was a significant relationship between the hopelessness level and women believing that they could protect themselves from getting cervical cancer (F=10.11 p=0.00). There was a significant relationship between hopelessness levels and believing whether or not early diagnosis tests are deterministic (F=8.781 p=0.00). Conclusion: Our study concluded that the hopelessness level of women had an effect on their thoughts about cervical cancer prevention and early diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this review is to analyze the clinical studies on tongue diagnosis in cancer patients. Methods: Domestic and foreign databases were used, such as Pubmed, google scholar, Wanfang med online, Scopus, and OASIS. Searching keywords were tongue diagnosis, tongue color, tongue fur, tongue inspection, cancer, tumor, neoplasm, carcinoma, etc. Studies on tongue diagnosis in cancer patients were included. The published year was limited from 2000 to June 2022. Results: Thirteen studies were enrolled. All selected studies were cross-sectional studies. Cancer patients tend to have a dark and blue-purple tongue, thick fur, yellow fur, fissure tongue, and red dots on the tongue compared with non-cancer patients. With the aggravation of cancer, the rate of patients having dark or blue, or purple tongues increased, and the patients' sublingual veins became wide and tortuous. Conclusion: This study suggests that cancer patients tend to have distinct features of tongue diagnosis. Further researches are warranted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3269-3274
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• 2013

Background: The aim was to determine the lifestyle behaviors and the practices for early diagnosis of cancer of cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study. The sample consisted of 222 patients with a diagnosis of cancer (non-random sample method). Ethical permission was obtained of the Non-interventional Research Ethics Committee of our Institution. Values of p<0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: It was observed that 54.4% of the patients had never performed breast self-examination, 60.8% had never had a mammography, and 71.2% had never had a Pap smear. Sixty-six point two percent of patients had never had screening for colon cancer within the past ten years. GIS cancers were higher in smokers and ex-smokers (p=0.005), in drinkers and in ex-drinkers (p=0.000). The breast cancer rate was higher in obese people (p=0.019). Conclusions: The results of this study provide information on the healthy lifestyle behavior of cancer patients before their diagnosis, and their use of early diagnosis practices. The important aspect of this study is to extend cancer patients' period of life after the diagnosis and treatment process, to make them conscious of risky lifestyle and nutritional behavior so that they can maintain a high quality of life, and to start initiatives in this direction that would ensure changes in behavior.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.315-328
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the clinical value of serum miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p expression levels in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 141 gastric cancer cases (gastric cancer group), 110 gastric polyps (gastric polyp group), and 75 healthy people (healthy control) were used to detect miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p expression using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Serum miR-221-3p expression was significantly higher in the gastric cancer group than in the gastric polyp group, and it was significantly lower than that before operation. The miR-221-3p expression was significantly higher in the death group than in the survival group. The proliferation and migration ability significantly increased and the apoptosis rate significantly decreased by miR-221-3p transfection in gastric cancer cells. In contrast, the function of miR-122-5p in gastric cancer cells was opposite of miR-221-3p. Serum miR-221-3p expression was negatively correlated with that of miR-122-5p in gastric cancer. Serum miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p expressions were significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation, tumor, node, metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, and invasion depth. miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p expression levels were independent prognostic factors for postoperative gastric cancer. In the diagnosis and predicting prognosis of gastric cancer, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the area under curve of combined detection of serum miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p expression had a greater diagnostic effect than either single maker. Conclusions: The miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p are involved in the development of gastric cancer, and they have important clinical values in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3437-3442
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• 2013

The high incidence of gastric cancer and consequent mortality pose severe threats to human health. Early screening, diagnosis and treatment are the key to improve the prognosis of the patients with gastric cancer. Gastroscopy with biopsy is an efficient method for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer, but the associated discomfort and high cost make it difficult to be a routine method for screening gastric cancer. Serum tumor marker assay is a simple and practical method for detection of gastric cancer, but it is limited by poor sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, people have been looking for novel serum markers of gastric cancer in recent years. Here we review the novel serum tumor markers of gastric cancer and their diagnostic significance, focusing on the discoveries from serum proteomics analyses and epigenetics researches.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2016

Herein, we report a 39-year-old female patient presenting with gastric cancer and tuberculous peritonitis. The differential diagnosis between advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis and early gastric cancer with peritoneal tuberculosis (TB), and the treatment of these two diseases, were challenging in this case. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for peritoneal TB if the patient has a history of this disease, especially in areas with a high incidence of TB, such as South Korea. An early diagnosis is critical for patient management and prognosis. A surgical approach including tissue biopsy or laparoscopic exploration is recommended to confirm the diagnosis.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.150-153
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• 2019

Larynx cancer is a potentially terminal and severe type of neck and head cancer in which malignant cells start to grow and spread upwards in the larynx, or voice box. Smoking tobacco, drinking hot beverages and drinking alcohol are the main risk factors for these tumors. In this study, we aimed to develop a precise, accurate and rapid chemometrics assisted Raman spectroscopy method for diagnosis of larynx cancer in deparaffinized tissue samples. In the proposed method, samples were deparaffinized and 20 microns of each tissue were located on a coverslip. Both healthy (n = 13) and cancerous tissues (n = 13) were exposed to a Raman laser (785 nm) and excitations were recorded between wavenumbers of $50{\sim}1500cm^{-1}$. An Orthogonal Partial Least Square algorithm was applied to evaluate the Raman spectrum obtained. Sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method is high enough with the aid of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to test the whole model. Healthy and cancerous tissues were accurately and precisely clustered. A rapid, easy and precise diagnosis algorithm was developed for larynx cancer. By this method, some useful data about differences in biomolecules of each group (phospholipids, amides, tyrosine, phenylalanine collagen etc.) was also obtained from the spectra. It is claimed that the optimized method has a great potential for clustering and separating tumor tissues from healthy ones. This novel, rapid, precise and objective diagnosis method may be an alternative for the conventional methods in literature for diagnosis of larynx cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5949-5952
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• 2013

Objectives: To compare the clinicalpathological features and prognosis between premenopausal breast cancer patients aged of <35 and ${\geq}35$ years old. Methods: The clinical data and survival status of 1498 cases premenopausal operable breast cancer treated in our hospital from 2002.1 to 2004. 12 were collected, 118 cases were aged <35. They were divided into 4 groups: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-positive, Triple-negative. The disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified. Results: The 5-year DFS and OS rates were significantly lower in age<35 than in $age{\geq}35$ patients. In the Luminal B, HER2-positive, Triple-negative group, the 5-year recurrence risk was higher in age<35 than in $age{\geq}35$ patients, and age<35 patients' 5-year death risk was higher only in Luminal B, Triple-negative group. Regardless of whether lymph node involved, age<35 patients had a bad prognosis in both DFS and OS. Conclusions: Compared with premenopausal age ${\geq}35$ breast cancer, age<35 patients had a worse outcome.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3243-3248
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• 2016

Background: Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer in the world. In Iran, this type of cancer has high rates of incidence and mortality. This study aimed to assess the survival rate of patients with stomach cancer and its determinants in Kurdistan, a province with one of the highest incidence rates of stomach cancer in the country. Materials and Methods: We studied a total of 202 patients with stomach cancer who were admitted to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj from 2009 to 2013. Using Kaplan-Meier nonparametric methods the survival rate of patients was calculated in terms of different levels of age at diagnosis, gender, education, residential area, occupation, underweight, and clinical variables including tumor histology, site of tumor, disease stage, and type of treatment. In addition, we compared the survival rates using the log-rank test. Finally, Cox proportional hazards regression was applied using Stata 12 and R 3.1.0 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was $64.7{\pm}12.0$ years. The survival rate of patients with stomach cancer was 43.9% and 7% at the first and the fifth year after diagnosis, respectively. The results of log-rank test showed significant relationships between survival and age at diagnosis, education, disease stage, type of treatment, and degree of being underweight (P<0.05). Moreover, according to the results of Cox proportional hazards regression model, the variables of education, disease stage, and type of treatment were associated with patient survival (P<0.05). Conclusions: The survival rate of patients with stomach cancer is low and the prognosis is very poor. Given the poor prognosis of the patients, it is critical to find ways for early diagnosis and facilitating timely access to effective treatment methods.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4369-4371
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the association of a diagnosis of lung cancer and combined detection of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrateantigen 19-9 (CA19-9), neuron specific enolase (NSE) as well as the cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1). Methods: Serum CEA, CA19-9, NSE and CYFRA21-1 were assessed in 150 patients with lung cancer, 100 patients with benign lung disease and 100 normal control subjects, and differences of expression were compared in each group, and joint effects of these tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer were analyzed. Results: Serum CEA, CA19-9, NSE and CYFRA21-1 in patients with lung cancer were significantly higher than those with benign lung disease and normal controls (p<0.01). It is suggested that these four tumor markers combined together could produce a positive detection rate of 90.2%, significantly higher than that of any single test. Conclusion: Combination detection of CEA, CA19-9, NSE and CYFRA21-1 could significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of lung cancer, and could be important in early detection.