Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Does Hopelessness of Turkish Women Affect their Behavior Regarding Cervical Cancer Prevention and Early Diagnosis?

  • Tasci-Duran, Emel (Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University) ;
  • Unsal-Atan, Senay (Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Ege University)
  • Published : 2013.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate attitudes women of towards cervical cancer prevention applications and early diagnosis, and whether or not their hopelessness levels had any influence. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out in Isparta with a descriptive design. A sample of 251 individuals was recruited from January 2011 through May 2011 in the largest tea garden (restaurant-cafe). The data collection tool consisted of two parts: a "Questionnaire Form" identifying women; and the "Beck Hopelessness Scale". Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 16.0 for Windows for the numerical and percentage distribution, average, standard deviation with the ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Some 70.2 % of the woman indicated that they had not taken the Pap test. There was a significant relationship between the hopelessness level and women believing that they could protect themselves from getting cervical cancer (F=10.11 p=0.00). There was a significant relationship between hopelessness levels and believing whether or not early diagnosis tests are deterministic (F=8.781 p=0.00). Conclusion: Our study concluded that the hopelessness level of women had an effect on their thoughts about cervical cancer prevention and early diagnosis.

Keywords

References

  1. Bakemeier R, Krebs L, Murphy J, Shen Z, Ryals T (1995). Attitudes of Colorado health professionals towards breast and cervical cancer screening in Hispanic women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 18, 95-100.
  2. Beck AT, Lesker D, Trexler L. (1974). The hopelessness scale. J Consulting Clin Psychol, 42, 861-74. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037562
  3. Behbakht K, Lynch A, Teal S, Koen D, Massad S (2004). Social and cultural barriers to papanicolaou test screening in urban population. Obstet Gynecol, 104, 1355-61 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000143881.53058.81
  4. Broccoli TL, Sanchez-Rutgers DT (2001). Implicit hopelessness and condom use frequency: exploring nonconscious predictors of sexual risk behavior, The State University of New Jersey www.sanchezlab.com/pdfs/BroccoliSanchez.pdf - 2001
  5. Cam O, Babacan-Gumus A (2009). Breast cancer screening behavior in Turkish women: relationships with health beliefs and self-esteem, body perception and hopelessness. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 10, 49-54.
  6. Carrasquillo O, Pati S (2004). The role of health insurance on pap smear and mammography utilization by immigrants living in the United States. Prev Med, 39, 943-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.03.033
  7. Cohen PE, Sorn MH, Braitman R et al (1999). A pilot study of cancer knowledge and screening behaviors of vietnamese and Cambodian. Women Health Care for Women Int, 20, 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/073993399245881
  8. Coughlin SS, King J, Richards TB, et al (2006). Cervical cancer screening among women in metropolitan areas of the United States by individual-level and area-based measures of socioeconomic status, 2000-2002. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 15, 2154-60. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0914
  9. Cutcliffe JR, Herth K (2002). The concept of hope in nursing 1: Its origins, background and nature. Br J Nurs, 11, 832-40. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2002.11.12.10307
  10. Denny-Smith T, Bairan A (2006). A survey of female nursing students' knowledge, health beliefs, perceptions of risk, and risk behaviors regarding human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. J Am Acad Nurse Pract, 18, 62-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7599.2006.00100.x
  11. Everson SA, Goldberg DE, Kaplan GA, et al (1996). Hopelessness and risk of mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction and cancer. Psychosom Med, 58, 113-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199603000-00003
  12. Everson SA, Kaplan GA, Goldberg DE, Salonen R, Salonen JT (1997). Hopelessness and 4-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis: the kuopio ischemic heart disease risk factor study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 17, 1490-5. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.17.8.1490
  13. Gallo LC, Matthews KA (2003). Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: do negative emotions play a role? Psychol Bull, 129, 10-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10
  14. Gynecologic Cancer Foundation (2010) Gynecologic Cancer Awarenes Month Fact Sheet Types of Gynecologic Cancers Available at: www.wcn.orgdownloads fact sheet types gynecologic cancers.pdf (accessed Agust 2010).
  15. Imam SZ, Rehman F, Zeeshani MM, et al (2008). Perceptions and practices of a Pakistani population regarding cervical cancer screening. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 9, 42-4.
  16. Jamner MS, Stockols D (2000). Promoting human wellness, University of California Press, Berkeley Los Angeles London pp 35-49.
  17. Jun KJ, Choi KS, Jung KS, et al (2009) Effectiveness of an organized cervical cancer screening program in Korea: Results from a cohort study. Int J Cancer, 124, 188-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23841
  18. Kaku M, Mathew A, Rajan B (2008). Impact of socio-economic factors in delayed reporting and late-stage presentation among patients with cervix cancer in a major cancer hospital in South India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 9, 589-94.
  19. Lerman C, Caputo C, Brody D (1990). Factors associated with inadequate cervical cancer screening among lower income primary care patients. J Am Board Fam Prac, 3, 151-6.
  20. Markman M (2007). Human papillomavirus vaccines to prevent cervical cancer. Lancet, 369, 1837-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60828-9
  21. Morgan C, Park E, Cortes D (1995). Beliefs, knowledge, and behavior about cancer among urban Hispanic women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 18, 57-63.
  22. Murray M, McMillan C (1993). Health beliefs, locus of control, emotional control and women's cancer screening behavior. Br J Clin Psychol, 32, 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1993.tb01032.x
  23. Nies MA, Mceven M (2001). Community health nursing, The Curtis Center, Philadelphia pp 271.
  24. Orbell S, Crombie I, Johnston G (1996). Social cognition and social structure in the prediction of cervical screening uptake. Br J Health Psychol, 1, 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.1996.tb00490.x
  25. Page RM, Simonek J, Ihasz F, et al (2009). Self-rated health, psychosocial functioning, and other dimensions of adolescent health in Central and Eastern European adolescents. Eur J Psychiat, 23, 101-14.
  26. Salovey P, Rothman AJ, Detweiler JB, Steward WT (2000). Emotional states and physical health. Am Psychol, 55, 110-21. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.110
  27. Savasir I, Sahin NH (1997). Frequently used scales in the evaluation of cognitive-behavioral therapy. J Turkish Psychologists Assoc, 9, 61-6.
  28. Sirin A, Atan S, Tasci E (2006). Protection from cancer and early diagnosis applications in Izmir, Turkey. Cancer Nursing, 29, 207-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002820-200605000-00007
  29. Snyder CR (2002). Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychol Inq, 13, 249-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01
  30. Uysal A, Birsel A (2009). Knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors and pap testing behavior among turkish women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 10, 345-50.
  31. Wellensiek N, Moodley M, Moodley J, Nkwanya N (2002). Knowledge of cervical cancer screening and use of cervical screening facilities among women from various socioeconomic backgrounds in Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 12, 376-82. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.2002.01114.x
  32. WHO/ICO (2010) Information Centre on HPV and Cervical Cancer Turkey, Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2010 Available at: http://apps.who.int/hpvcentre/statistics/dynamic/ico/country_pdf/tur_fs.pdf?cfid=4107527&cftoken=28210302. (accessed July 2010).
  33. World Health Organization (WHO) (2007). Progress in reproductive health research cervical cancer prevention:screening still the only option, Geneva, 2-8.