• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2013

This paper proposes a vision-based indoor localization method for autonomous vehicles. A single upward-facing digital camera was mounted on an autonomous vehicle and used as a vision sensor to identify artificial landmarks and any natural corner features. An interest point detector was used to find the natural features. Using an optical flow detection algorithm, information related to the direction and vehicle translation was defined. This information was used to track the vehicle movements. Random noise related to uneven light disrupted the calculation of the vehicle translation. Thus, to estimate the vehicle translation, a Kalman filter was used to calculate the vehicle position. These algorithms were tested on a vehicle in a real environment. The image processing method could recognize the landmarks precisely, while the Kalman filter algorithm could estimate the vehicle's position accurately. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed approaches can be implemented in practical situations.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.746-752
• /
• 2014

In a multi-camera measurement system, the determination of the external parameters is one of the vital tasks, referred to as the calibration of the system. In this paper, a new geometrical calibration method, which is based on the theory of the vanishing line, is proposed. Using a planar target with three equally spaced parallel lines, the normal vector of the target plane can be confirmed easily in every camera coordinate system of the measurement system. By moving the target into more than two different positions, the rotation matrix can be determined from related theory, i.e., the expression of the same vector in different coordinate systems. Moreover, the translation matrix can be derived from the known distance between the adjacent parallel lines. In this paper, the main factors effecting the calibration are analyzed. Simulations show that the proposed method achieves robustness and accuracy. Experimental results show that the calibration can reach 1.25 mm with the range about 0.5m. Furthermore, this calibration method also can be used for auto-calibration of the multi-camera mefasurement system as the feature of parallels exists widely.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2014

A non-contact type measurement system is specially devised to measure the width of a piston ring groove in the grinding process. This system comprises a line camera with an imaging lens, collimated white light source, and a one axis translation stage. When the measurement system movesalong the diagonal direction of the cylinder, the line camera captures an image. By analyzing such images, the width of the piston ring groove can be determined. The experimental results prove that the proposed system is useful, especially as a monitoring system in grinding piston ring grooves on cylinders with accuracy of several micrometers in an area of dozens of millimeters.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.653-659
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 실린더 파노라믹 영상을 생성하기 위한 효율적인 알고리즘을 제시한다. 먼저 영상 정렬 시 실린더와 영상간의 관계를 이용한 영상의 중심으로부터 같은 거리에 있는 영상 스트립을 비교하는 효율적인 영상 정렬 알고리즘을 기술하고, 원과 원에 접하는 다각형간의 관계를 이용하여 이분법으로부터 초점거리를 정확하게 추정하는 방법을 설명한다. 본논문에서 제안하는 알고리즘은 카메라 운동에 대한 제약점은 있지만, 빠르고 간단하기 때문에 실제 응용에서 효과적으로 사용 가능하다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
• /
• pp.353-355
• /
• 1994

This work describes a hardware implementation of a precision image tracking system which employs a CCD camera mounted on pan/tilt device. Unknown translation between two successive images of a moving object is estimated by using a generalized least-squares method. Estimated position error obtained by the tracking algorithm is used to drive DC motors built in the pan/tilt device for the camera to follow the image. An experimental result shows a sub-resolution tracking error for a image moving with a uniform velocity.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.1862-1870
• /
• 1997

A fast and precise technique to measure 3-dimensional coordinates of an object is proposed. It is essential to take the 3-dimensional measurements of the object in design and inspection. Using this developed system a surface model of a complex shape can be constructed. 3-dimensional world coordinates are projected onto a camera plane by the perspective transformation, which plays an important role in this measurement system. According to the shape of the object two measuring methods are proposed. One is rotation of an object and the other is translation of measuring unit. Measuring speed depending on image processing time is obtained as 200 points per second. Measurement resolution i sexperimented by two parameters among others; the angle between the laser beam plane and the camera, and the distance between the camera and the object. As a result of these experiments, it was found that measurement resolution ranges from 0.3mm to 1.0mm. This constructed surface model could be used in manufacturing tools such as rapid prototyping machine.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
• /
• pp.81-81
• /
• 2000

We use camera to apply human vision system in measurement. To do that, we need to know about camera parameters. The camera parameters are consisted of internal parameters and external parameters. we can fix scale factor&focal length in internal parameters, we can acquire external parameters. And we want to use these parameters in automatically driven vehicle by using camera. When we observe an camera parameters in respect with that the external parameters are important parameters. We can acquire external parameter as fixing focal length&scale factor. To get lane coordinate in image, we propose a lane detection filter. After searching lanes, we can seek vanishing point. And then y-axis seek y-sxis rotation component(${\beta}$). By using these parameter, we can find x-axis translation component(Xo). Before we make stepping motor rotate to be y-axis rotation component(${\beta}$), '0', we estimate image coordinates of lane at (t+1). Using this point, we apply this system to Kalman filter. And then we calculate to new parameters whick make minimum error.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.246-249
• /
• 2003

The constraints necessary guarantee using the comparison of these extrinsic parameters, which each Rotation matrix and Translation Vector must be equal to the either, except the X-axis Translation Vector. Thus, we can not yet calculate the 3D-range measurement in the end of camera calibration. To minimize this disadvantage, the Epipolar Rectification has been proposed in the literature. This paper aims to present the development of Epipolar Rectification to calibrate Stereo cameras. The required computation of the transformation mapping between points in 3D-space is based on calculating the image point that appears on new image plane by using calibrated parameters. This computation is assumed from the rotating the old ones around their optical center until focal planes becomes coplanar, thereby containing the baseline, and the Z-axis of both camera coordinate to be parallel together. The optical center positions of the new extrinsic parameters are the same as the old camera, whereas the new orientation differs from the old ones by the suitable rotations. The intrinsic parameters are the same for both cameras. So that, after completed calibration process, immediately can calculate the 3D-range measurement. And the rectification determines a transformation of each image plane such that pairs of conjugate Epipolar lines become collinear and parallel to one of the image axis. From the experimental results verify the proposed technique are agreed with the expected specifications.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
• /
• 제8B권5호
• /
• pp.549-556
• /
• 2001

2차원 영상으로 부터 3차원 영상으로 복원하는 일은 일반적으로 카메라의 초점에서 영상 프레임의 각 픽셀까지의 깊이 정보가 필요하고, 3차원 모델의 복원에 관한 일반적인 수작업은 많은 식나과 비용이 소모된다. 본 논문에서는 카메라의 움직임이 포함되어 있는 단안 영상 시퀸스로부터 3차원 영상 제작에 필요한 상대적인 깊이 정보를 실시간으로 추출하는 알고리즘을 제안하고, 하드웨어를 구현하기 위한여 알고리즘을 단순화하였다. 이 알고리즘은 카메라 이동에 의한 영상의 모든 점들의 움직임은 깊이 정보의 종속적이라는 사실에 기반을 두고 있다. 불록매칭 알고리즘에 기반을 둔 전역 움직임 탐색에 의한 움직임 벡터를 추출한 후, 카메라 회전과 확대/축소에 관한 카메라 움직임 보상을 실행하고 깉이 정보 추출 과정이 전개된다. 깊이 정보 추출 과정은 단안 영상에서 객체의 이동처리를 분석하여 움직임 벡터를 구하고 프레임내의 모든 픽셀에 대한 평균 깊이를 계산한 후, 평균 깊이에 대한 각 블록의 상대적 깊이를 산출하였다. 모의 실험 결과 전경과 배경에 속하는 영역의 깊이는 인간 시각 체계가 인식하는 상대적인 깊이와 일치한다는 것을 보였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2007

넓은 시야각을 갖는 전방향(omnidirectional) 카메라 시스템은 적은 수의 영상으로도 주변 장면에 대해 많은 정보를 취득할 수 있는 장점으로 카메라 교정(calibration), 공간의 3차원 재구성(reconstruction) 등에 널리 응용되고 있다. 실 세계에 존재하는 직선 성분들은 전방향 카메라 모델에 의해 컨투어로 사영(projection)되기 때문에, 영상간에 대응되는 컨투어 성분은 카메라의 회전 및 이동 등의 추정에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 전방향 카메라의 변환 파라미터를 추정하기 위한 2단계 최소화 알고리즘이 제안된다. 제안된 알고리즘은 컨투어를 이루는 대응점에 대한 에피폴라(epipolar) 평면과 3차원 벡터간의 각도 오차함수 및 사영된 컨투어의 거리 오차를 단계별로 최소화하는 카메라 파라미터를 계산한다. 등거리(equidistance) 사영된 합성영상과 어안렌즈(fisheye lens)로 취득한 실제 영상을 대상으로 제안된 알고리즘이 카메라의 위치 정보를 정확하게 추정함을 확인하였다.