• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological healing process of 3 different types of xenogenic tooth bone graft material and xenogenic bone graft material. Methods: Three types of human tooth bone graft material (chips, crowns, and roots) and BioOss (Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhausen, Switzerland) was filled at the preformed 4 round-shaped calvarial bone defects of beagle dogs. The beagles were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively, for radiological and histological evaluation. Results: Increased strength and radiopacity were detected in all graft material groups in time-dependent manner. New bone was formed and matured surrounding the graft material histologically. Also, a new bone was directly integrated with graft material. Conclusion: It was expected that newly developed tooth bone graft material would show good bone healing capacity if it was used as a graft material for the restoration of bony defect.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.484-495
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• 2015

PURPOSE. This study was to evaluate the effects of bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes as a barrier membrane on guided bone regeneration (GBR) in comparison with those of the resorbable collagen membranes. MATERIALS AND METHODS. BC membranes were fabricated using biomimetic technology. Surface properties were analyzed, Mechanical properties were measured, in vitro cell proliferation test were performed with NIH3T3 cells and in vivo study were performed with rat calvarial defect and histomorphometric analysis was done. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used (${\alpha}<.05$). RESULTS. BC membrane showed significantly higher mechanical properties such as wet tensile strength than collagen membrane and represented a three-dimensional multilayered structure cross-linked by nano-fibers with 60 % porosity. In vitro study, cell adhesion and proliferation were observed on BC membrane. However, morphology of the cells was found to be less differentiated, and the cell proliferation rate was lower than those of the cells on collagen membrane. In vivo study, the grafted BC membrane did not induce inflammatory response, and maintained adequate space for bone regeneration. An amount of new bone formation in defect region loaded with BC membrane was significantly similar to that of collagen membrane application. CONCLUSION. BC membrane has potential to be used as a barrier membrane, and efficacy of the membrane on GBR is comparable to that of collagen membrane.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.769-779
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• 2002

This present study was carried out to find the effects of calcium aluminate cement($CaO\;{\cdot}\;Al_2O_3$, CAC), which has been developed with bio-compatibility and mechanical properties, in biological environments. Two different particle sizes of CAC - 3.5${\mu}m$ vs. 212${\sim}$250${\mu}m$ which is recommended in periodontal bone grafting procedures-were filled in 8mm calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rat. The specimens were examined histologically, especially the bone-cement interface and the response of surrounding tissues. The results are as follows; 1. In the control group, inflammatory cells were observed at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, periosteum and dura mater were continuously joined together in the defect areas. But in the center of defect area were filled up with the loose connective tissues. 2. In the experimental group l($212{\mu}m{\sim}250{\mu}m$ particle), immature bone was formed and outermost layer was surrounded by osteoid layer at 2 weeks. Osteoblasts were arranged between immature bone and osteoid layer. And, osteoid layer was remained until 8 weeks after surgery. 3. In the experimental group 2, periosteum and dura mater lost its continuity at 2 weeks. Scattering of CAC particles and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed, which this findings deepened at 8 weeks. The result of this study shows that when calvarial defects in white rats are filled with calcium aluminate cement of 212${\sim}$250${\mu}m$, the materials are to be bio-compatible in growth and healing on surrounding tissues. When further researches are fulfilled, such as direct bone adhesion and bone regeneration ability, it's possible that CAC could be applied to various periodontology fields in the future.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.16.1-16.7
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to investigate new bone formation using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and locally applied bisphosphonate in rat calvarial defects. Methods: Thirty-six rats were studied. Two circular 5 mm diameter bony defect were formed in the calvaria using a trephine bur. The bony defect were grafted with $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ only (group 1, n = 9), $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ wetted with rhBMP-2 (group 2, n = 9), $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ wetted with rhBMP-2 and 1 mM alendronate (group 3, n = 9) and $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$ wetted with rhBMP-2 and 10 mM alendronate (group 4, n = 9). In each group, three animals were euthanized at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, respectively. The specimens were then analyzed by histology, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: There were significant decrease of bone formation area (p < 0.05) between group 4 and group 2, 3. Group 3 showed increase of new bone formation compared to group 2. In immunohistochemistry, collagen type I and osteoprotegerin (OPG) didn't show any difference. However, receptor activator of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL) decreased with time dependent except group 4. Conclusion: Low concentration bisphosphonate and rhBMP-2 have synergic effect on bone regeneration and this is result from the decreased activity of RANKL of osteoblast.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.87-102
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• 1998

The purpose of this stuffy was to assess and compare the osseous responses to implanted particles of porous synthetic HA (Interpore $200^{(R)}$, Interpore International, U.S.A.), resorbable natural bovine derived HA (Bio-$oss^{(R)}$, Gestlich Pharma, Switzerland) and calcium carbonate(Biocoral $450^{(R)}$, Inoteb, France) in bone defects. Four calvarial defects of 2.5mm diameter were created in earth of 16 Sprague-Dawley rats. The experimental materials were subsequently implanted hi three defects, leaving the fourth defect for control purpose. Four animals were earth sacrificed at 3 days, 1week, 2weeks and 4 weeks after surgery. The tissue response was evaluated under light microscope. Overall, histologic responses showed that all the particles were well tolerated and caused no aberrent tissue responses. There were difference in the amount of newly formed bone at the experimental sites and control site. There was more new bone formation associated with calcium carbonate site. In addition, the calcium carbonate site displayed multinucleated giant cells surrounding calcium carbonate particles after the 1st week, and osteoid tissue within the particle after the 2nd week. After 4 weeks, calcium carbonate particles were resorbed and replaced with new bone. The healing of the natural bovine derived HA site was similar to that of porous synthetic HA, except that new bone growth between the two particles have progressed more in the former site after the 2nd week. In the natural bovine derived HA site, the particle was surrounded by newly formed bone after the 4th week. After 4 weeks, the control site showed more mature bone than other sites. In conclusion, the grafted site were better in new bone formation than non-grafted sites. In particular the calcium Carbonate site showed the ability of osteoinduction and natural bovine denver HA showed osteoconduction in rat calvarial defects. This suggest that calcium carbonate and natural bovine derived HA could enhance the regenerative potential in periodontal defects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2008

Purpose: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a potent differentiating agent for cells of the osteoblastic lineage. It has been used in the oral cavity under a variety of indications and with different carriers. However, the optimal carrier for each indication is not known. This study evaluated the bone regenerative effect of rhBMP-2 delivered with different carrier systems. Materials and Methods: 8 mm critical-sized rat calvarial defects were used in 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into 6 groups containing 10 animals each. Two groups were controls that had no treatment and absorbable collagen membrane only. 4 groups were experimentals that contained rhBMP-2 only and applied with absorbable collagen sponge($Collatape^{(R)}$), $MBCP^{(R)}$, Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ each. The histological and histometric parameters were used to evaluate the defects after 2- or 8-week healing period. The shape and total augmented area were stable in all groups over the healing time. Results: New bone formation was significantly greater in the rhBMP-2 with carrier group than control group. rhBMP-2/ACS was the highest in bone density but gained less new bone area than rhBMP-2/$MBCP^{(R)}$ and rhBMP-2/Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$. The bone density after 8 weeks was greater than that after 2 weeks in all groups. However, rhBMP-2 alone failed to show the statistically significant difference in new bone area and bone density compared to control group. Also $MBCP^{(R)}$ and Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ particles remained after 8 weeks healing period. Conclusion: These results suggest that rhBMP-2 with carrier system is an excellent inductive agent for bone formation and we can use it as the predictable bone tissue engieering technique. Future study will likely focus on the kinetics of BMP release and development of carriers that is ideal for it.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

Purpose: Significant interest has emerged in the design of cell scaffolds that incorporate peptide sequences that correspond to known signaling domains in extracellular matrix and bone morphogenetic protein. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone regenerative effects of the synthetic peptide in a critical-size rat calvarial defect model. Methods: Eight millimeter diameter standardized, circular, transosseus defects created on the cranium of forty rats were implanted with synthetic peptide, collagen, or both synthetic peptide and collagen. No material was was implanted the control group. The healing of each group was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically after 2- and 8-week healing intervals. Results: Surgical implantation of the synthetic peptide and collagen resulted in enhanced local bone formation at both 2 and 8 weeks compared to the control group. When the experimental groups were compared to each other, they showed a similar pattern of bone formation. The defect closure and new bone area were significantly different in synthetic peptide and collagen group at 8 weeks. Conclusions: Concerning the advantages of biomaterials, synthetic peptide can be an effective biomaterial for damaged periodontal regeneration.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration capability of silk membrane plus 3% 4-hexylresorcinol (3% 4-HR plus SM) in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Bilateral round shaped defects were created in the parietal bone (diameter: 8.0 mm). And the defects were covered with (1) 3% 4-HR plus SM, (2) collagen membrane (CM), (3) no graft material. After surgery, the animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Bone regeneration was analyzed in each section by micro-computerized tomography (${\mu}$-CT). And Hematoxylin and eosin stains were used for histological analysis. As measured by ${\mu}$-CT analysis 4 weeks after surgery, the average of new bone formation in animals treated with 3% 4-HR plus SM was greater than that of animals treated with CM. and the difference was statistically significant. And well organized lamella bones were observed in the histological view of the 3% 4-HR plus SM group. Therefore, more bone regeneration was seen in animals treated with 3% 4-HR plus SM than in those treated with CM or uncovered control.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.467-477
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the regenerative capacity of stem cells combined with bone graft material and a collagen matrix in rabbit calvarial defect models according to the type and form of the scaffolds, which included type I collagen matrix and synthetic bone. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from the periosteum of participants. Four symmetrical 6-mm-diameter circular defects were made in New Zealand white rabbits using a trephine drill. The defects were grafted with (1) group 1: synthetic bone (β-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite [β-TCP/HA]) and 1×10⁵ MSCs; (2) group 2: collagen matrix and 1×10⁵ MSCs; (3) group 3: β-TCP/HA, collagen matrix covering β-TCP/HA, and 1×10⁵ MSCs; or (4) group 4: β-TCP/HA, chipped collagen matrix mixed with β-TCP/HA, and 1×10⁵ MSCs. Cellular viability and cell migration rates were analyzed. Results: Uneventful healing was achieved in all areas where the defects were made at 4 weeks, and no signs of infection were identified during the healing period or at the time of retrieval. New bone formation was more evident in groups 3 and 4 than in the other groups. A densitometric analysis of the calvarium at 8 weeks post-surgery showed the highest values in group 3. Conclusions: This study showed that the highest regeneration was found when the stem cells were applied to synthetic bone along with a collagen matrix.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2017

Typical transcranial approaches are insufficient for adequate visualization and resection of skull base tumors. Different approaches with multiple modifications have been attempted. Here, we describe a new approach for a lesion that is central and hard to treat by conventional craniotomy and successful reconstruction with calvarial bone graft and titanium mesh plate. A 69-year-old female patient presented with recurrent meningioma. The tumor had invaded the frontal lobe, right supraorbital rim, and ethmoidal bone. We performed a modified anterior craniofacial approach that fully exposed the tumor and invaded bone. In consideration of the patient's age and cosmetic result, the tumor and invaded bone was resected and the defect area was reconstructed with titanium mesh and calvarial bone graft. At 6 months postoperative the patient had no complications and was satisfied with the esthetic result. We report this case to demonstrate the successful approach and reconstruction using this technique.