• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.388-395
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• 2009

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of early feed restriction (FR, 8 to 14 d of age) on growth performance and immune function in broiler chickens. Birds were fed corresponding diets from 3 to 35 d of age, which consisted of three phases: starter (3 to 7 d of age), FR (8 to 14 d of age) and re-alimentation (15 to 35 d of age) phases. During the FR period, each group of birds was fed the basal diet ad libitum (CON), 85% (EN85) and 70% (EN70) of lower calorie diet ad libitum (qualitative FR), and 85% (FI85) and 70% (FI70) of voluntary intake on a daily basis (quantitative FR). As a result, there was no statistical difference in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio between the CON and quantitative or qualitative FR groups during the entire (3 to 35 d) periods. In particular, the EN85 group resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in weight gain compared with the EN70, FI85 and FI70 groups. Plasma total protein and albumin at 14 d of age (during FR) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the quantitative and qualitative FR groups, but these parameters at 35 d of age (after re-alimentation) were higher (p<0.05) in the EN85 and EN70 groups than in the CON group. Plasma IgG level was unaffected by dietary FR procedure. In cytokines, there was no significant difference in the expression of lymphocytic IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ at 14 d of age between the FR and the CON groups, whereas lymphocytic IL-6 and iNOS expression were significantly (p<0.05) lower in FI85 and FI70 groups. Moreover, lymphocytic iNOS was also significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitative and quantitative diets compared with those fed ad libitum. In the thymus, IL-4 expression was higher (p<0.05) in FI85 and FI70 groups, whereas IL-6 expression was lower (p<0.05) in the FI85 and FI70 groups than in the CON group. Thymic iNOS was significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitatively and quantitatively restricted diets compared with those fed ad libitum. At 35 d of age, there was no difference in the expression of IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ of lymphocytes and thymus between the FR and CON groups. In conclusion, 85% of quantitative and qualitative FR would have a beneficial effect on the expression of some cytokines including IL-4 and iNOS without change in growth performance of birds.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.139-160
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• 2004

The obesity is detrimental to the health of people living in affluent societies. Individual differences in energy metabolism are caused primarily by single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), some of which promote the development of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several different genes and environmental factors. In this review, five major conclusions are reached: (1)To be clinically significant, SNPs must be relevant, prevalent, modifiable, and measurable. (2)Differences in SNPs may have been caused by famine, ultraviolet light, alcohol, climate, agricultural revolution. livestock, lactase persistence, and westernized lifestyle. (3)Candidate obesity genes of calorie intake restriction are SIM 1, MC3R, MC4R, AGRP, CART, CCK, CNTFR, DRD2, Ghrelin, 5-HT receptor, NPY, PON and those of energy metabolism are LEP, LEPR, UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, B2AR, B3AR, PGC-1, Androgen receptor and those of fat mobilization are AGT, ACE, ADA, APM1, Apolipoproteins, PPAR, FABP, FOXC2, GCGR, $11-{\beta}HSDI$, LDLR, Hormonal sensitive lipase, Perilipin, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $TNF-{\beta}$ (4)Candidate obesity genes in the eastern are NPY, LEP, LEPR, UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, B2AR, B3AR, ACE, APM1, PPAR, and FABP. (5)Candidate obesity genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus are MC3R, MC4R, B2AR, B3AR, ADA, APM1, PPAR, FABP, FOXC2, PC1, PC2, ABCC8, CAPN10, CYP19, CYP7, ENPP1, GCK, GYS1, IGF, IL-6, Insulin receptor, IRS, and LPL. The discovery of SNPs will lead to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and to better diagnostics, treatment, and eventually prevention.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2001

Microalbuminuria is a strong predictor of diabetic nephropathy and is also associated with increased mortality in people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. Improved glycemic control and dietary protein restriction are recommended to retard and avoid developing microalbuminuria. The purpose of this study was to measure the dietary counseling effects for diabetes mellitus patients with microalbuminuria. To investigate the effects of the dietary counseling effect, thirty NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria were selected from outpatient diabetic clinic of Seoul National University Hospital for this study. None of them had evidence of renal and heart complications. For 24 weeks, they received individualized dietary counseling 3 times. The results of this study can be summarized as follows 1) Dietary protein and calorie intake decreased significantly from 79.8$\pm$29.9g/d to 66.6$\pm$16.5g/d, from 1845.4$\pm$631.9kcal to 1515.7$\pm$392.7kcal after dietary counseling, respectively (p<0.05). 2)The glycosylate hemoglobin level showed significantly decreased after dietary counseling(p<0.05). However there were no change in lipid profiles and blood pressure after counseling. 3) There was a significant correlation between the duration of disease and the amount of microalbuminuria. Any other cardiovascular risk factors, such as duration of diabetes, total cholesterol level and systolic blood pressure were not correlated with microalbuminuria. These results shown that dietary counseling can be used as an effective therapy to control blood sugar levels for NIDDM patients who are poorly controlled with microalbuminuria.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine self-management status, nutritional knowledge, barrier factors in dietary management and needs of nutritional management program for women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 100 women with GDM were recruited from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Seoul. The questionnaire composed of general characteristics, status of self-management, dietary habits, nutrition knowledge, barrier factors in dietary management, needs for nutrition information contents and nutritional management programs. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. All data were statistically analyzed using student's t-test and chi-square test using SAS 9.3. Results: About 35% of the subjects reported that they practiced medical nutrition and exercise therapy for GDM control. The main sources of nutrition information were 'internet (50.0%)' and 'expert advice (45.0%)'. More than 70% of the subjects experienced nutrition education. The mean score of nutrition knowledge was 7.5 point out of 10, and only about half of the subjects were reported to be correctly aware of some questions such as 'the cause of ketosis', 'the goal of nutrition management for GDM', 'the importance of sugar restriction on breakfast'. The major obstructive factors in dietary management were 'eating more than planned when dining out', 'finding the appropriate menu when dining out'. The preferred nutrition information contents in developing management program were 'nutritional information of food', 'recommended food by major nutrients', 'the relationship between blood glucose and food', 'tips on menu selection at eating out'. The subjects reported that they need management program such as 'example of menu by calorie prescription', 'recommended weight gain guide', 'meal recording and dietary assessment', 'expert recommendation', 'sharing know-how'. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop a program that provide personalized information by identifying the individual characteristics of the subjects and expert feedback function through various information and nutrition information contents that can be used in real life.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.826-831
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• 2008

본 연구는 고등학교 남자태권도 선수 21명을 대상으로 옥타코사놀 섭취에 따른 단기간 체중감량 시 혈중 피로물질면역글로불린에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 6일간 동일한 합숙훈련을 하였으며 옥타코사놀 섭취감량군에 비섭취 감량군은 점차적으로 칼로리를 줄이는 식사제한을 통해 자기체중의 5% 이상 감량하였다. 옥타코사놀은 오전 ${\cdot}$ 오후로 나누어 식후 30분에 20 mg씩 섭취시켰으며 비섭취 감량군과 통제군은 같은 방법으로 위약을 섭취시켜 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 젖산과 암모니아는 옥타코사놀 섭취감량군이 유의하게 감소하였으며 집단 간 비교에서는 비섭취 감량군과 통제군보다 유의하게 감소하였다. 2. 젖산탈수소효소는 비섭취 감량군과 통제군이 감량 후 유의하게 증가하였다. 3. 면역글로불린 IgA, IgG는 모두 집단에서 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.895-902
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• 2014

아디포넥틴은 이미 합성된 GLUT4의 translocation 증가를 통해 포도당의 세포내 유입을 촉진하며 인슐린 민감도를 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 장기간(6주령부터 16, 26, 36, 47, 및 77주령까지)의 고지방식이(HFD)를 섭취한 비만 C57BL/6 생쥐와, 칼로리제한(CR) 또는 thiazolidinedione (TZD) 섭취에 의해 인슐린 민감성이 회복된 생쥐들로부터 지방조직을 적출하여 아디포넥틴과 GLUT4 의 mRNA 발현의 변화를 조사하였으며, 선형회귀분석(linear regression analysis)을 통해 아디포넥틴과 GLUT4 유전자 발현량 사이의 상관관계를 평가하여 아디포넥틴이 GLUT4 유전자 발현의 전사단계에서도 영향을 미치는지의 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 지방조직에서의 유전자 발현량은 TaqMan probe를 이용한 real-time PCR로 정량되었다. 실험결과, 지방조직에서의 아디포넥틴 mRNA발현량은 여러 조건의 생쥐 그룹들 사이에 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았지만, GLUT4의 유전자 발현량은 HFD군에서는 감소하고, CR군(p<0.05)과 TZD군(p=0.007)에서는 유의하게 증가하는 변화가 확인되었다. 또한, 아디포넥틴과 GLUT4 mRNA 발현량 사이에는 유의한 상관관계를 나타내고 있음이 확인되었다. ND군(p<0.0001), HFD군 p<0.0001), 또는 각각의 주령과 식이별 소그룹, 그리고 CR군(p=0.002) 에서도 두 유전자간의 발현량이 유의하게 연관되어 있었다. 그러나 TZD군(p=0.73)의 생쥐에서는 그 연관성이 사라짐을 관찰하였다. 이는 TZD가 아디포넥틴 유전자 발현에는 영향을 미치지 않지만, GLUT4유전자 발현은 촉진하기에 두 유전자 사이에 유의하지 않은 상관관계로 변화되었음을 시사한다. 이들 결과는 아디포넥틴과 GLUT4의 유전자 발현은 강하게 연관되어 있으며, 두 유전자 발현 조절에 대한 공통적인 작용기전의 존재 가능성 또는 아디포넥틴이 GLUT4 translocation뿐만 아니라 GLUT4의 유전자 발현에도 직접적으로 작용하고 있음을 시사한다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2020

Objectives: This study is a practice based research conducted to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a 5-day short-term diet program ('Oil-rescue' program) designed to reduce the adverse events and initial dropout rate in obesity treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 4 Korean medicine clinic patient data who completed 'Oil-rescue' program which is consisting of Gambi-hwan, Bium-hwan, Butgiban-hwan and Jayoon Kyungokgo. The weight change before and after participating 'Oil-rescue' program was primary outcome of our study. Changes in body mass index, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, body water content, lean body mass, protein, and minerals were also measured. Results: A total of 35 patients who satisfied the eligible criteria were finally included. The body weight decreased from 69.45±11.86 kg to 67.43±11.58 kg, a total of 2.02±1.03 kg (P<0.001). Body fat mass decreased from 25.77±7.45 kg to 24.98±7.26 kg, a total of 0.78±1.21 kg (P<0.001). Body mass index decreased from 26.39±3.64 kg/㎡ to 25.64±3.49 kg/㎡, a total of 0.75±0.41 kg/㎡. (P<0.001). A total of 15 patients had side effects such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and insomnia, but all were mild. 16 out of 35 people switched to long-term obesity treatment programs. Conclusions: Through this retrospective practice based research, it was found that the 'Oil-rescue' program effectively reduced body weight, body fat, and body mass index, and the other obesity related parameters. It was a relatively safe and effective short-term obesity treatment program.