• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 1983

The isolatin and culture of protoplasts from hypocotyl originated callus of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Damyang were carried out. The maximum protoplast yield of 4.6$\times$105 per gram fresh callus, using the 13-day-old callus, was obtained by digeston for 6 hours in the enzyme solution. After 10 day-culture of the isolated callus protoplsts, plating efficiency was 50%. Thereafter, cell cluster medium, and followed by leading to callus formation on an agar medium after 3 weeks of the liquid culture.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.257-261
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators on the organogenesis from the tissue culture of Arabidopsis thaliana stem, and the origin of the callus development. When the stem segments were cultured on medium with 2mg/L IAA or NAA, adventitious roots and trichomes were differentiated after 11 days of culture. Callus vigorously formed on medium with 2/L2,4 after 7 days of culture, but adventitious roots and trichomes were not differentiated from callus after 10 days of culture. This results suggesting that picloram is very effective auxin for the callus formation and organogenesis. Callus weakly formed on 0.05mg/L kinetin, and formed on combination of auxins(2mg/L) with 0.05mg/L kinetin. But the effect of combination of auxins and kinetin the callus formation was less than 2,4-D or picloram alone. A histological examination of callus formed on picloram showed that phloram showed that phloem parenchyma cells were divided and enlarged after 2 days of culture. Cortex parenchyma cells were divided and meristematic nodules were developed from these cells after 4 days of culture. Finally, callus formed on outside of cortex and epidermis by division of meristematic nodules after 7 days of culture.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.162-169
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• 1989

Tissue culture of the roots of Panax ginseng was carried out to enhance the production of ginseng callus as well as to increase its contents of ginsenosides. A long cylinder type callus mass was formed when cultured IK callus by rotary shaking culture method, the growth ratio of the callus being 7.71 which was approximately 4 fold higher than those obtained by other culture methods. Ginsenosides $Rg_1$, Re and $Rb_1$ could be detected from the callus mass by TLC, however, their total contents were revealed to be approximately 9% compared to that of the fresh ginseng root equivalent by HPLC analysis,.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2000

To obtain a basic information of the development of Genus Viola, morphological and histological observation of in vitro calli and cells in Viola culture cells were investigated. There were two callus types obtained by long term subculture of wild viola (Viola partrinii DC. ) petiole callus. One was friable callus - soft and pale green in color and small cells in size, and the other was compact callus - compact and deep bluish green in color, large cells in size. In scanning electron microscopic observation, friable callus was composed of voculated cell around small. cell clump, while compact callus was composed of cells filled with protoplasm Somatic embryogenesis was observed from suspension culture of the compact callus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 1999

This study was carried out to establish improved techniques on organogenesis from callus culture of Gladiolus. Organogenesis from the callus was effective in the half strength of MS solid medium without 2,4-D at 15 $^{\circ}C$ under 24 hours of daylength. Formation of adventitious root was most effective in the liquid shaking culture, and adventitious shoot induction was effective in the liquid stationary culture. From these results, we could find optimal culture conditions for redifferentiation from callus, in addition, liquid shaking culture revealed as more useful when compared with that of solid culture method for the redifferentiation of callus in Gladiolus `Topaz'.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

An efficient protocol for in vitro multiple shoot bud induction and plant regeneration from mature green cotyledon derived callus tissues of Acacia sinuata has been developed. Callus formation occurs at all the concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium, but 0.6 ${\mu}M$ proved to be the best with maximum callus formation frequency. Supplementation of TDZ in combination with indole-acetic acid (IAA) in MS media accelerates shoot bud organogenesis in differentiating callus tissues with 60-70% conversion of shoot buds into shoot Most efficient shoot organogenesis was recorded when TDZ induced calli were subcultured at different concentrations of 6-benzyla-denine (BA). Optimum shoot bud induction and plant regeneration from callus was achieved when 0.6 ${\mu}M$ (TDZ) induced calli were subcultured at 3.0 ${\mu}M$ (BA) where $16.6{\pm}0.74$ shoots/unit callus on obtained. Rooting in in vitro differentiated shoots was achieved when transferred to medium containing different concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in full & half strength MS medium. The well rooted plantlets were hardened and transferred to net house with 90% survival rate.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2005

Seeds of neem were collected from different parts of India and analyzed for their azadirachtin content by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In order to assess the effects of genotypic and geographical variation on azadirachtin content in cell cultures, callus development was attempted in the seeds containing high and low concentration of azadirachtin. The concentration of azadirachtin in callus cultures was significantly affected by the explant source. Seed kernels with higher azadirachtin content produced higher azadirachtin content in callus cultures and lower azadirachtin content was seen in callus cultures produced from seed kernels with low azadirachtin content. The protocol for development of elite stock culture of Azadirachta indica was established with the objective of selecting a high azadirachtin-producing cell line. The highest azadirachtin-producing cell line was selected and the effects of different media and illumination conditions on growth and azadirachtin production were studied in shake flask suspension culture. Detailed batch growth kinetics was also established. These studies provided elite starter culture and associated protocols for cultivation of A. indica plant cell culture in the bioreactor.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2019

In vitro organogenesis system of the valuable ornamental species, Prunus yedoensis which is native to Korea, was established through callus culture derived from root tissues. Callus were induced on the medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BA or NAA and kinetin. Organogenesis was differ from the callus type, and NAA and kinetin combination was effective to induce organogenic callus. Growth of callus was influenced by sucrose concentrations. High level of sucrose (over 5%) had adverse effects such as decreased fresh weight and increased mortality of callus. Shoots developed from the callus when $GA_3$ was treated with BA in the medium. Results showed that $GA_3$ is essential for shoot development and elongation from callus in this species.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.366-370
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• 1993

This study was conducted to determine the optimum culture conditions for inducing callus and regenerating plantlets from cultured leaf tissues of Aralia elata. Young leaf tissues(1cm) of A. elata plant were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D and Thidiazuron. Embryogenic callus was induced along the leaf veins, more efficiently on the medium containing 1.0mg /1 Thidiazuron in 4 weeks after culture initiation. Calli were subcultured to proliferate on MS media containing 2, 4-D, Dicamba, Picloram, and Thidiazuron. Callus was better proliferated on the medium containing Dicamba than on the others.. However, callus subcultured on the medium containing Thidiazuron was more embryogenic and light green-colored, of which some showed embryoid-like structure on the surface. Hormone-free medium was more efficient to regenerate plantlets than media supplemented with Kinetin, BA, and Thidiazuron.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-6
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• 1985

The typical dark brown stripe symptom of bacterial wilt disease was observed in the cuttings of tobacco stem treated with the culture filtrate of virulent Pseudomonas solanaceamm. And the tobacco callus create.4 with that culture filtrate showed deterioration of the callus 2 days after the treatment. On the contrary, the cuttings and the callus treated with the culture filtrate of the avirulent bacteria expressed no typical symptom and vigorous growth respectively. Therefore it was suggested that certain toxin which might be produced by the virulent bacteria could break down tobacco cells.