• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.69-72
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• 2015

This study was performed to differentiate calcium oxalate and struvite canine urinary stones using computed tomography. A total of 38 urinary stones (8 calcium oxalate and 30 struvite) were scanned using a computed tomography scanner. These urinary stones (10-15 mm diameter) extracted surgically without fragmentation were obtained from the different individual patients. The stone's Hounsfield units(HU) values, heterogenicity, and roughness of surface were evaluated to differentiate calcium oxalate and struvite. The HU values of calcium oxalate were significantly higher than those of struvite. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve revealed 1272 as the best threshold value to distinguish calcium oxalate from struvite (ROC curve AUC 0.87, p < 0.0014). The heterogenicity of calcium oxalate and struvite significantly differed on bone and dental window setting (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between calcium oxalate and struvite in roughness of surface. On computed tomographic images, bone and dental windows setting were useful for evaluation of heterogenicity between calcium oxalate and struvite. The HU value and heterogenicity are highly promising factor that can distinguish calcium oxalate and struvite with reasonable accuracy.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.302-308
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• 2004

Sixty-six dogs diagnosed with cystolithiasis at animal clinics in the Busan area between April 2002, and April 2003, were reviewed. The chemical analysis of cystoliths from 66 dogs indicated that the predominant mineral component was struvite (45 dogs), calcium oxalate (14 dogs), or urate (6 dogs). Animals affected with struvite were grouped into four (s-1; struvite only, s-2; struvite mixed with lesser quantities of calcium oxalate or ammonium urate, s-3; nuclei and lamination, s-4; struvite nucleus surrounded by other minerals), with calcium oxalate into six(o-1; calcium oxalate monohydrate only, o-2; calcium oxalate dihydrate only, o-3; combination of calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate, o-4; calcium oxalate nucleus surrounded by other minerals, o-5; 100% calcium oxalate monohydrate nucleus surrounded by 100% calcium oxalate dihydrate, o-6; mixed calcium oxalate monohydrate nucleus surrounded by mixed calcium oxalate dihydrate), and with urate into two(u-1; ammonium acid urate only, u-2; ammonium acid urate mixed with lesser quantities of other minerals). In this study, the numbers of 4 groups of struvite were (s-1; 10, s-2; 9, s-3; 21, s-4; 5), 6 groups of calcium oxalate were (o-1; 0, o-2; 1, o-3; 2, o-4; 3, o-5; 2, o-6; 6), and 2 groups of urate were (u-1; 6, u-2; 0). The data from each group was analyzed and compared. Shih Tzu(14 cases), Yorkshire terrier(10 cases), mixed-breed(10 cases) and Miniature schnauzer(7 cases) were more frequently affected than the other breeds. Females(40 cases) were affected more than males(26 cases). Twenty-nine dogs had cystoliths associated with a bacterial urinary tract infection, and uroliths tended to recur. We conclude eradication of urinary infection along with appropriate food (e.g. prescription diet) with client compliance should help in reducing the incidence or severity of the disease.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1986

In order to clarify the pathogenesis of perirenal edema, pigs and rabbits were administered with oxalate and nitrate, with oxalate nitrate and glycolic acid, with oxalate, nitrate and ascorbic acid and with oxalate, nitrate and calcium, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows; The pigs and rabbits administered with oxalate and nitrate with oxalate, nitrate and glycolic acid and with oxalate, nitrate and ascorbic acid, respectively, were not showed perirenal edema despite of observing the abundant oxalate crystals in the proximal convoluted tubles. But pigs and rabbits administered with oxalate, nitrate and calcium were histopathologically showed perirenal edema similar to those of pigs fed Amaranthus retroflexus. Therefore, author considered that oxalate, nitrate and calcium are main factors to cause perirenal edema. It was regarded that perirenal edema in pigs was caused by the reciprocal reactions of those materials including oxalate, nitrate and calcium which may produce vascular damage, decreased osmotic pressure by hypoproteinemia and increased vascular permeability in kidney, rather than the mechanical obstructions by the oxalate crystals in the proximal convoluted tubule.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2002

본 연구는 인삼에 존재하는 calcium oxalate 결정체의 분포 위치, 형태 및 미세구조에 관하여 밝히고자 광학현미경, 조직화학적 방법 및 주사 전자현미경적 방법 등을 사용하여 연구 하였다. 인삼의 결정체는 calcium oxalate의 성분으로 구성되며, 결정체는 몸통뿌리, 지근, 뇌두, 줄기, 장엽병, 소엽병, 꽃대 등 대부분의 기관에서 관찰되었다 특히 지상부는 잎에서,지하부는 뇌두에서 가장 많은 결정체가 관찰되었다. 인삼에 존재하는 결정체는 silver nitrate-rubeanic acid를 사용한 조직화학적 반응을 실시한 결과 calcium oxalate치 성분으로 확인되었다. 또한 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 삼각뿔 형태의 결정체가 다수 모여서 형성된 유형, 프리즘 형태의 소결정이 모여서 형성된 유형 및 얇은 판상의 소결정이 모여서 형성된 유형 등 3가지 형태로 구분 할 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.501-503
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• 2003

Urolithiasis (UL) is a common disease of canine. Analysis of urinary stone is an essential step in the examination and initial treatment of the patient with UL. The dead maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), male, was introduced to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University. The maned wolf was imported from USA to Cheong-ju zoo. Postmortem sign of maned wolf was hemorrhage of bladder with a many stones. No bacteria was shown with bacterial culture of urine. But in feces, Clostridium perfringens were overgrown. Bladder stone from maned wolf was composed of calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate was formed with excess calcium from diet mainly meat base.

• 분석과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.877-880
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• 1995

The determination of fluoride and the nutritious calcium in infusion of teas are explained. Tea leaves were pulverized and were immersed in boiling water. The solution was filtered and fluoride, calcium and oxalic acid were determined by the ion chromatography. The quantities of fluoride, calcium and oxalate ions extracted from 100 g of tea leaves were calculated. Tea leaves were also immersed in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid and extracted oxalate and calcium ions were analyzed. The free oxalic acid and calcium were extracted in boiling water and the total ones were extracted in hydrochloric acid. The quantity of calcium oxalate was calculated from the total and the free oxalic acids. The free calcium was estimated to be nutritious.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2005

Objectives : In order to distinguish Akebiae Caulis and Aristoiochiae Manshuriensis Caulis, their external and internal states were examined by microscope. Methods : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Results : 1. Akebiae Caulis has stone cells and fiber bundles in its pericycle part, which include square crystal of calcium oxalate. Outside of neogenesis has a lot of cells with square crystal of calcium oxalate. 2. Aristoiochiae Manshuriensis Caulis has a little lignified fiber bundles in its pericycle part, and parenchymatous cell has delicate starch grains and druse of calcium oxalate. Conclusions : In conclusion, internal forms of Akebiae Caulis and of Aristoiochiae Manshuriensis Caulis are different in that each includes square crystal of calcium oxalate and druse of calcium oxalate respectively, so that it may be possible to distinguish them with optical microscope.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2020

An 11-year-old female mixed-breed dog admitted due to anorexia and vomiting. Radiography showed 7.6-mm uroliths in the right proximal ureter and an enlarged kidney. Type 1 emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) was diagnosed using computed tomography (CT) in the awake dog. Right ureteronephrectomy was performed, and Escherichia coli was isolated. The stone was consisted of 80% calcium oxalate. At the 6-month follow-up, no complications were observed. This is the first report of EPN caused by calcium oxalate in a dog. In addition, we suggest performing CT in weak animals to diagnose EPN without anesthesia.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.870-878
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• 2009

본 연구는 국산 113종 콩 장려품종의 total oxalate(Ox), phytate($InsP_6$)와 calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), sodium (Na), zinc(Zn), potassium(K)을 분석하여 옥살산칼슘 결정생성을 최소화할 수 있는 품종의 선발 및 안전한 콩 가공식품 제조를 위한 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 113종의 콩 장려품종에서 Ca과 Mg 함량 분포는 각각 $0.586{\sim}3.177$과 $0.559{\sim}3.085\;mg/g$이었으며, Ca는 다올콩은 3.177 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, Mg는 선흑콩은 3.085 mg/g으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. Ca과 Mg 사이에서 품종간 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. Ox와 InsP6 함량 분포는 각각 1.24(선흑콩)$\sim$3.81(다원콩)과 0.43(만리콩)$\sim$4.72(다기콩) mg/g 범위이었고, 옥살산칼슘 결정의 저해물질인 $InsP_6$의 함량이 Ox의 함량보다 상대적으로 높은 함량 분포로 존재하였다. 또한 Ca, Mg, Ox 및 $InsP_6$ 함량 사이의 교차상관관계분석을 통해 Ca과 $InsP_6$ 함량이 Ox 함량보다 높은 선흑콩과 단미2가 옥살산칼슘 생성의 잠재적 위험성을 최소화할 수 있는 품종으로 판단되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1706-1710
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of calcium (Ca) fertilization on oxalate content in napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) and on some blood parameters of sheep. Re-growth napiergrass was grown with or without Ca fertilizer and offered to sheep. Eight sheep, divided into two groups of 4 animals each were used. Calcium-fertilized napiergrass was offered daily to the animals as experimental treatment, whereas without Ca-fertilized napiergrass was given to the animals as control. Results showed that there was a trend to lower soluble and total oxalate concentrations in Ca-fertilized grass than control. The Ca-fertilized grass contained (p<0.05) lower concentrations of K and Mg than control, though Ca fertilization had no affect (p>0.05) on Ca and Na concentrations in plants. Feeding of Ca-fertilized grass had no affect on the feed consumption, blood Mg level and daily gain of sheep. However, sheep fed control grass had lower (p<0.05) blood Ca level than sheep fed Ca-fertilized grass. Our findings suggest that Ca fertilization might minimize the negative effects of oxalate.