• 환경생물
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.152-156
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• 2005

Ionizing radiation is a well- known therapy factor for human carcinoma cells. Genotoxic stress mediates cell cycle control, transcription and cellular signaling. In this work, we have used a microarray hybridization approach to characterize the cell type-specific transcriptional response of human carcinoma MCF-7 and HeLa cell line to $\gamma-radiation$, such as 4Gy 4hr. We found that exposure to $\gamma-ray$ alters by at least a $log_2$ factor of 1.0 the expression of known genes. Of the 27 genes affected by irradiation, 11 are down- regulated in MCF-7 cells and 2 genes induced by radiation,15 are repressed in HeLa cells. Many genes were involved in known damage- response pathways for cell cycling, transcription factor and cellular signaling response. However, in MCF-7 cells, we observed gene expression pattern in chromatin, apoptosis, stress, differentiation, cytokine, metabolism, ribosome and calcium. In HeLa cells, it showed clearly the expression changes in adhesion and migration, lysosome, brain, genome instability and translation. These insights reveal new therapy directions for studying the human carcinoma cell response to radiation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2017

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) provides a cellular defense against oxidative stress by inducing the expression of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. The calcium antagonist, verapamil, is an FDA-approved drug prescribed for the treatment of hypertension. Here, we show that verapamil acts as a potent Nrf2 activator without causing cytotoxicity, through degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a Nrf2 repressor. Furthermore, verapamil-induced Keap1 degradation is prominently mediated by a p62-dependent autophagic pathway. Correspondingly, verapamil protects cells from acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage through Nrf2 activation. These results demonstrated the underlying mechanisms for the protective role of verapamil against acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2011

Vitamin D is present in two forms, ergocalciferol (vitamin $D_2$) produced by plants and cholecalciferol (vitamin $D_3$) produced by animal tissues or by the action of ultraviolet light on 7-dehydrocholesterol in human skin. Both forms of vitamin D are biologically inactive pro-hormones that must undergo sequential hydroxylations in the liver and the kidney before they can bind to and activate the vitamin D receptor. The hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 $[1,25(OH)_2D]$, plays an essential role in calcium and phosphate metabolism, bone growth, and cellular differentiation. Renal synthesis of $1,25(OH)_2D$ from its endogenous precursor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), is the rate-limiting and is catalyzed by the $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase. Vitamin D dependent rickets type I (VDDR-I), also referred to as vitamin D $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency or pseudovitamin D deficiency rickets, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by hypotonia, muscle weakness, growth failure, hypocalcemic seizures in early infancy, and radiographic findings of rickets. Characteristic laboratory features are hypocalcemia, increased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and low or undetectable serum concentrations of $1,25(OH)_2D$ despite normal or increased concentrations of 25OHD. Recent advances have showed in the cloning of the human $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and revealed mutations in its gene that cause VDDR-I. This review presents the biology of vitamin D, and $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase mutations with clinical findings.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2001

This study was to evaluate the effect of dietary taurine on bone mass loss in ovariectomized rats. Forty Sprauge-Dawly female rats (body weight 200$\pm$22 ) were divided into four groups. Control (sham) group was fed without taurine and the other three ovariectomized groups were fed the diets with 0%, 1% and 2% taurine for eight weeks. There was no significant difference in Plasma taurine level among the three ovariectomized groups. The sham group showed higher calcium level in femur than that of the other ovariectomized groups. There was no significant difference in phosphorus level in femur among the four groups. The levels of magnesium and zinc in sham group was higher than those of in the ovariectomized groups. The sham and 1% taurine fed ovariectomized group showed higher level of sodium than 0% and 2% taurine fed ovariectomized groups. Body weight and diet intake in sham group were lower than those of in the three ovariectomized groups due to ovariectomy. Breaking force and specific gravity of femur were not different significantly among the four groups. The level of minerals in l% taurine fed ovariectomized group was higher than that of in 0% taurine fed ovariectomized group even though the level of minerals in ovariectomized was lower than In sham group, which indicates that taurine supplementation might have benificial effects on osteoporosis.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2020

Homer proteins are scaffold proteins that regulate calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling by modulating the activity of multiple Ca²⁺ signaling proteins. In our previous report, Homer2 and Homer3 regulated NFATc1 function through its interaction with calcineurin, which then acted to regulate receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism. However, to date, the role of Homers in osteoclastogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of Homer2 and Homer3 in aging-dependent bone remodeling. Deletion of Homer2/Homer3 (Homer2/3 DKO) markedly decreased the bone density of the femur. The decrease in bone density was not seen in mice with Homer2 (Homer2^-/-) and Homer3 (Homer3^-/-) deletion. Moreover, RANKL treatment of bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages in Homer2/3 DKO mice significantly increased the formation of multinucleated cells and resorption areas. Finally, Homer2/3 DKO mice decreased bone density in an aging-dependent manner. These findings suggest a novel potent mode of bone homeostasis regulation through osteoclasts differentiation during aging by Homer proteins, specifically Homer2 and Homer3.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.503-513
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• 2007

The obese population has been increasing worldwide and obesity has become one of the socioeconomic problems. Obesity raises more concerns as more studies regarding its direct and indirect relativity to several diseases such as type II diabetes, hypertension, etc. are published. Since leptin, an important signal in the chronic control of food intake and energy expenditure, was discovered in 1994, there has been a great accumulation of knowledge on fighting obesity by facilitating pharmacological and nutritional strategies on the molecular level of the body weight control system. In particular, evidences are accumulating that particular food components affect our physiological function and gene expressions which are associated with body weight control. In this study, we review the four mechanisms for weight control and antiobesity functional agents such as HCA, L-carnitine, CLA, chitosan, calcium supplements capsaicin contained in red pepper, and oriental herbal mixture. We also describe about the efficacy and working mechanism of these functional agents on the basis of antiobesity mechanisms.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.225-241
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• 2018

Taurine is an abundant, ${\beta}-amino$ acid with diverse cytoprotective activity. In some species, taurine is an essential nutrient but in man it is considered a semi-essential nutrient, although cells lacking taurine show major pathology. These findings have spurred interest in the potential use of taurine as a therapeutic agent. The discovery that taurine is an effective therapy against congestive heart failure led to the study of taurine as a therapeutic agent against other disease conditions. Today, taurine has been approved for the treatment of congestive heart failure in Japan and shows promise in the treatment of several other diseases. The present review summarizes studies supporting a role of taurine in the treatment of diseases of muscle, the central nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. In addition, taurine is extremely effective in the treatment of the mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), and offers a new approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, and inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. The review also addresses the functions of taurine (regulation of antioxidation, energy metabolism, gene expression, ER stress, neuromodulation, quality control and calcium homeostasis) underlying these therapeutic actions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2015

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of cellulose concentration in diets containing no phosphorus (P) on the basal endogenous loss (BEL) of P in growing pigs. Twelve barrows (an initial mean body weight = $49.6{\pm}3.2kg$) were individually housed in metabolism crates. Pigs were allotted to 4 experimental diets according to a cross-over design with 12 animals and 2 periods. Four P-free diets were mainly based on corn starch, sucrose, and gelatin, and were formulated to contain 0%, 4%, 8%, or 12% cellulose. Each period consisted of a 5-d adaptation and a 5-d collection period. The marker-to-marker method was used for fecal collection. The feed intake (p<0.05, linear and quadratic) and dry feces output (p<0.01, linear and quadratic) were increased with increasing dietary cellulose concentration. However, P concentration in the feces was decreased (p<0.01, linear and quadratic) with increasing dietary cellulose concentration. There was no significant difference in total P output and the BEL of P as mg per kg DMI (ranging from 157 to 214 mg/kg of dry matter intake) among experimental diets. However, values for the apparent total tract digestibility of energy, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and calcium were linearly decreased (p<0.01) with increasing cellulose concentration in the diet. In conclusion, dietary cellulose affected the amount of feces and digestibility of energy and nutrients, but did not affect the endogenous loss of P.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2005

Plant-derived natural products have been and will continue to be valuable sources. Elicitors have been employed to modify cell metabolism in order to enhance the productivity of useful metabolites in plant cell/tissue cultures. In this study, several elicitors were used to improve the productivity of useful metabolites and to reduce culture time for archiving high concentration in P. ginseng hairy root cultures. The addition of chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide and alginate oligosaccharide to the culture of P. ginseng hairy roots caused growth to be inhibited with the increase in elicitor concentration. The usage of the chitosan elicitor and D-glucosamine caused a slight decrease in hairy root growth, whereas total ginseng saponin accumulated slightly with the increase in elicitor concentration. When gel beads were added to the culture medium at the initial period, hairy root growth was enhanced. The maximum growth was 1.35 times higher than that of the control at $1\%$ (w/v). Total ginseng saponin content decreased due to the addition of alginate beads. This would result in consistent diffusion of lower levels of calcium ions during the culture period that promotes biomass growth.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.840-847
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• 2002

This study explored the effect of dietary levels of Na and Ca on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed a high fat/cholesterol diet containing three levels of Na (0.05, 0.1, 1.5%) and Ca (0.1, 0.5, 1.5%) for 9 weeks. Body weight gain was not influenced by dietary intake but water intake significantly increased in high Na supplementation. Systolic blood pressure was not influenced by dietary Na and Ca levels but was decreased by dietary low Na/high Ca levels at 9 weeks. Angiotensin-II level was affected by dietary Na level but not by Ca levels. Plasma Ca, Mg, K and Na levels were in the normal range regardless of dietary Na and Ca levels. Weight, and K and Na contents of the heart and kidney were not significantly different among those with different dietary Na and Ca levels. Ca and Mg contents of the heart and kidney were significantly higher in the normal Na/normal Ca group. Ca and Mg in the feces were higher in those with high Ca intake. Na in the feces was higher in those with high Na intake. Therefore, Na and Ca had different mechanisms in the hypertension/hyperlipidemia models, respectively. And we suggested that Mg must be supplemented when Ca intake was high because Mg excretion was increased by Ca supplementation.