• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.965-985
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• 2004

The investigation of driving mechanism for the formation of tropical night in the coastal region, defined as persistent high air temperature over than 25$^{\circ}C$ at night was carried out from August 14 through 15, 1995. Convective boundary layer (CBL) of a 1 km depth with big turbulent vertical diffusion coefficients is developed over the ground surface of the inland basin in the west of the mountain and near the top of the mountain, while a depth of thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) like CBL shrunken by relatively cool sea breeze starting at 100 km off the eastern sea is less than 150 m from the coast along the eastern slope of the mountain. The TIBL extends up to the height of 1500 m parallel to upslope wind combined with valley wind and easterly sea breeze from the sea. As sensible heat flux convergences between the surface and lower atmosphere both at the top of mountain and the inland coast are much greater than on the coastal sea, sensible heat flux should be accumulated inside both the TIBL and the CBL near the mountain top and then, accumulated sensible heat flux under the influence of sea breeze circulation combined with easterly sea breeze from sea to inland and uplifted valley wind from inland to the mountain top returning down toward the eastern coastal sea surface should be transported into the coast, resulting in high air temperatures near the coastal inland. Under nighttime cooling of ground surface after sunset, mountain wind causes the daytime existed westerly wind to be an intensified westerly downslope wind and land breeze further induces it to be strong offshore wind. No sensible heat flux divergence or very small flux divergence occurs in the coast, but the flux divergences are much greater on the top of the mountain and along its eastern slope than on the coastal inland and sea surfaces. Thus, less cooling down of the coastal surface than the mountain surface and sensible heat transfer from warm pool over the coast into the coastal surface produce nocturnal high air temperature on the coastal inland surfaces, which is not much changed from daytime ones, resulting in the persistence of tropical night (nocturnal thermal high) until the early in the morning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.10e
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• pp.67-69
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• 2002

인터넷과 정보통신기술을 배경으로 한 전자상거래 확산은 유례가 없을 정도의 빠른속도로 이루어지고 있다. 특히 XML이 W3C의 공식 표준으로 공식화 된 이후, XML의 확장성, 호환성, 정보의 구조화와 같은 장점으로 XML은 전자상거래 프레임워크의 새로운 페러다임이 되었다. 이러한 XML 전자상거래 프레임워크로는 xCBL을 필두로, eCo 프레임워크, cXML, BizTalk, ebXML등 많은 국제 표준이 있다. 그러나 이러한 다양한 프래임워크들은 메시지규칙에 대한 정의와 전송 프로토콜 정의, 비즈니스 프로세스의 수평적 통합만을 고려하고 있다. 즉 비즈니스 객체간의 상호작용을 위한 일반된 표준을 제공해주지 못하고 새로운 비즈니스 상대자가 등장할 경우 새로운 규칙을 설정해야 하는 부담을 해결하지 못한다.본 논문에서는 ISO/IEC 11179에 기반을 둔 MDR(Metadata Registry)를 이용한 MDR 기반하이브리드(Hybrid) 프레임워크 (Framework)를 제안한다 본 하이브리드 구조의 프레임워크를 통하여 기존의 수평적 관계의 프레임워크가 갖고 있는 비즈니스 프로세스 및 메시지 규칙의 문제점들을 해결할 수 있다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.291-296
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• 2014

Inserting a $SiO_2$ layer underneath the p-pad electrode as the current blocking layer (CBL) structure and extending p-metal finger patterns, the GaN LEDs using an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layer show the improved light output intensity, resulting from better current spreading and reduced light loss on the surface of p-pad metal. The LEDs with an oxide layer of $100{\mu}m$-pad-width and $6{\mu}m$-finger-width have better light output intensities than those with an oxide layer of $105{\mu}m$-pad-width and $12{\mu}m$-finger-width. Using the ATLAS device simulator from Silvaco Corporation, the current density distributions on the active layer in CBL LEDs have been investigated.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.15 no.3 s.63
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

XML은 인터넷과 e-비즈니스를 위한 새로운 언어 구조이다. XML이 갖는 장점을 전자상거래에 이용하기 위해 다양한 XML 기반 전자상거래 프로토콜들이 생겨났고, 전자상거래의 보급 속도와 비례하여 XML의 보급률도 증가하고 있는 실정이다. XML 사용 빈도수가 증가하고 XML 기반 전자상거래 프로토콜들이 급증하고 있는 현재 추세에 따라 여러 단체나 회사들은 XML 기반 어플리케이션 표준과 전자상거래 환경 사이의 상호운용성을 위한 프레임워크 개발에 박차를 가하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 CommerceNet의 eCo, CommerceOne의 CBL, OASIS와 UN/CEFACT의 ebXML, OTP 컨소시엄의 OTP, RosettaNet, OMS Service Ltd.의 EDML, cXML 등 XML과 관련하여 각 전자상거래 단체나 회사들이 추진중인 표준화 동향을 살펴보았다.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.161-177
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• 2004

In the catalogs that have presently been under research, the product information cannot be represented in a classified form but it also fails to be well defined, lacking the description of detail information for various products on a systematic fashion. And the product information is duplicated on its representation. In this study, an implementing model is to be proposed to analyze and classify the information that can be in use of describing various products, and to describe an integrated products information for various types of products while making up for the weak points of presently available researches. Also, this study shows that it is possible for the proposed model to represent various units of product information with presently proposed model applied to computers and book products in high demand of transaction, and by implementing electronic catalogues in the existing researches to prove its efficiency.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 1999

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) is known to induce cytochrome p450 1A1 and to activate c-Src kinase and p21 Ras. This study examined the molecular interactions of adaptor proteins including Shc, Grb2, and Sos in rat primary hepatocytes and their relationship to the induction of CYP1A1 by TCDD. TCDD induced CYP1A1 level and EROD activity in a dose-dependent mode. Sos/Grb2 association isincreased by TCDDㅑㅜ a dose dependent mode. Tyrosine phosphorylated Shc, mainly p152, onloads to Grb2/Sos complex upon TCDD stimulation. The electrophoretic mobility shift of Sos is showed by TCDD. These results indicate that TCDD modulated the molecular interaction features of adaptor compoes proteins including Shc, Grb2, and Cnl in early signaling pathway of TCDD-mediated CYP 1A1 induction of rat primary hepatocyte.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 1990

Escherkchla coli/Cownebacterium glutamicum shuttle vectors, pECCGl and pECCG2 were constructed by joining a 3.0 kb C. glutamicum cryptic plasmid pCBl and a 3.94 kb E. coli plasmid pACYC177. Using the plasmid pECCGl, various parameters involved in electroporation system including electric field strength, resistance, DNA concentration, cell concentration and growth stage were investigated independently and optimized for the high efficiency transformation of coryneform bacteria. Transformation efficiencies of 106 transformants/$\mu\textrm{g}$ of plasmid DNA were achieved with Corynebacterium glutamicum.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-81
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• 1997

Numerical prediction of nocturnal thermal high in summer of the 1995 near Taegu city located in a basin has been carried out by a non-hydrostatic numerical model over complex terrain through one-way double nesting technique in the Z following coordinate system. Under the prevailing westerly winds, vertical turbulent fluxes of momentum and heat over mountains for daytime hours are quite strong with a large magnitude of more than $120W/\textrm{m}^2$, but a small one of $5W/\textrm{m}^2$ at the surface of the basin. Convective boundary layer (CBL) is developed with a thickness of about 600m over the ground in the lee side of Mt. Hyungje, and extends to the edge of inland at the interface of land sea in the east. Sensible heat flux near the surface of the top of the mountain is $50W/\textrm{m}^2$, but its flux in the basin is almost zero. Convergence of sensible heat flux occurs from the ground surface toward the atmosphere in the lower layer, causing the layer over the mountain to be warmed up, but no convergance of the flux over the basin results from the significant mixing of air within the CBL. As horizontal transport of sensible heat flux from the top of the mountain toward over the basin results in the continuous accumulation of heat with time, enhancing air temperature at the surface of the basin, especially Taegu city to be higher than $39.3^{\circ}C$. Since latent heat fluxes are $270W/\textrm{m}^2$ near the top of the mountain and $300W/\textrm{m}^2$ along the slope of the mountain and the basin, evaporation of water vapor from the surface of the basin is much higher than one from the mountain and then, horizontal transport of latent heat flux is from the basin toward the mountain, showing relative humidity of 65 to 75% over the mountain to be much greater than 50% to 55% in the basin. At night, sensible heat fluxes have negative values of $-120W/\textrm{m}^2$ along the slope near the top of the mountain and $-50W/\textrm{m}^2$ at the surface of the basin, which indicate gain of heat from the lower atmosphere. Nighttime radiative cooling produces a shallow nocturnal surface inversion layer with a thickness of about 100m, which is much lower than common surface inversion layer, and lifts extremely heated air masses for daytime hours, namely, a warm pool of $34^{\circ}C$ to be isolated over the ground surface in the basin. As heat transfer from the warm pool in the lower atmosphere toward the ground of the basin occurs, the air near the surface of the basin does not much cool down, resulting in the persistence of high temperature at night, called nocturnal thermal high or tropical night. High relative humidity of 75% is found at the surface of the basin under the moderate wind, while slightly low relative humidity of 60% is along the eastern slope of the high mountain, due to adiabatic heating by the srong downslope wind. Air temperature near the surface of the basin with high moisture in the evening does not get lower than that during the day and the high temperature produces nocturnal warming situation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.97-98
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• 2008

n-ZnO/p-Si heterostructure is a good candidate for ZnO-based heterojunction light emitting diodes(LED) because of its competitive price and lower driving voltage. However, the conventional LED shows much lower extraction efficiency, because it has small top contact and large backside contact. In this structure, the injected current from the top contact enters the active region underneath the top contact. Thus, the emitted light is hindered by the opaque top contact. This problem can be solved by using a current-blocking layer(CBL) that prevents the current injection into the active region below the top contact.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.628-635
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• 2014

2-(Trimethylammonium) ethyl (R)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-2-stearamidopropyl phosphate [(R)-TEMOSPho], a derivative of an organic chemical identified from a natural product library, promotes highly efficient megakaryopoiesis. Here, we show that (R)-TEMOSPho blocks osteoclast maturation from progenitor cells of hematopoietic origin, as well as blocking the resorptive function of mature osteoclasts. The inhibitory effect of (R)-TEMOSPho on osteoclasts was due to a disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, resulting from impaired downstream signaling of c-Fms, a receptor for macrophage-colony stimulating factor linked to c-Cbl, phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Vav3, and Rac1. In addition, (R)-TEMOSPho blocked inflammation-induced bone destruction by reducing the numbers of osteoclasts produced in mice. Thus, (R)-TEMOSPho may represent a promising new class of antiresorptive drugs for the treatment of bone loss associated with increased osteoclast maturation and activity.