• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.160-177
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• 2020

In Indonesia, concern about environmental protection is increasing. Thus, companies not only adjust their products but also create promotion strategies with environmentally friendly messages, called green marketing. This study identifies the effect of green marketing on purchase intentions. A quantitative method with an explanatory design was conducted. Data was gathered online. In this study, the population was @InnisfreeIndonesia Instagram followers. Thus, a direct message with the survey invitation was sent to randomly selected Instagram followers. Additional followers were invited daily for about a month until 100 responses were collected. The majority of respondents were Indonesian females, age 21-25. The results show that green products partially influence purchase intentions. Once consumers consider environmental friendly issues before buying a skin care product, they may identify whether the product is toxic-free, environmentally friendly, and holds a certification that identifies it as such. Thus, potential consumers tend to seek information to set expectations about the product they want to buy, prioritize them over other products, and to refer the product to others.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.417-440
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• 2004

미국의 PJM(Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland) 전기도매시장의 전기 가격을 가변 전환확률 국면전환모형(regime switching model with time-varying transition probability model)을 이용해서 추정해보았다. 전기수요뿐만 아니라 기온을 전환확률 방정식의 설명변수로 포함시킴으로써 전기가격이 낮은 국면에서 높은 국면으로 전환할 확률의 문턱점(threshold) 효과가 뚜렷이 향상되었다. 따라서 도매전기가격의 스파이크(spike) 발생을 예측할 수 있게 되는 것이다. 이는 또한 미국의 도매시장 전기가격의 스파이크는 기온에 의해서도 잘 설명되며, 이를 이용하여 날씨관련 파생상품이나 계약을 통해서 도매전기 구입비용의 위험을 해지할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2021

Purpose: Consumers have unique behaviors that are classified based on their interests and considerations before buying. They are predicted will change due to the pandemic of COVID-19. This study provides insights for retailers about the dynamic of consumer behavior before and during the pandemic, including future predictions. Research design, data and methodology: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement was applied in this study. Seven studies that were selected from five databases meet the criteria for cohort and cross-sectional analyses of gender, age, store types, and environmental concerns. Results: Consumer's gender and age contribute to consumer behavior change. Both offline and online stores can be integrated as omnichannel rather than substitute each other. Product distribution and consumer budget need to be reevaluated by retailers, while internet security is the most essential factor when developing their online transactions. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on changing consumer behavior in most countries. Retailers are encouraged to adapt to the changes by modifying their business model with technology. However, it is still speculated and cannot be generalized due to different cultural and contextual factors. Future studies are always needed to synchronize along with the transition of consumers' behavior.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2021

The environment friendly lifestyle and the green product trend have motivated corporates to develop and adopt sustainable business practices. However, an increasing number of corporations have engaged in greenwashing practices to create the appearance of environmental responsibility. By employing the theory of reasoned action, the paper investigated a model linking corporate greenwashing and consumers' green purchase intentions with the mediating role of green trust and green word-of-mouth about green electronic devices in Vietnam. Using an online survey via Email, Zalo, and Wechat, data was obtained from 308 Vietnamese consumers who have been purchasing green electronic devices. Based on the responses of the participants from the questionnaires conducted, data analysis was conducted by using SEM in AMOS version 23. This investigation shows that corporate greenwashing negatively affects consumers' green trust, green word-of-mouth, and their green buying intentions. Additionally, the paper verifies that green trust and green word-of-mouth mediate the relationships between greenwashing and consumers' green purchase intentions. These results reinforce the extant understanding of greenwashing and its consequences. Finally, the study not only stimulates future research but serves as a reference for business managers, scholars, and students who are interested on the topic of environmental sustainability, new product development, and green brands.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.985-996
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• 2021

While green packaging related concerns are mainly studied in developed countries, there is a lack of knowledge to observe purchase behavior toward green packaging in developing countries, especially in Vietnam. Buying green packaged products in FMCG is not required to trade-off between sustainability and product performance. Hence, this present research aims to understand the gap attitude - behavior existing on FMCG green packaged products among Vietnamese young consumers with psychosocial factors (environmental concern, environmental knowledge of green packaging and green trust) and contextual factors (availability of desired green packaging and product attributes). With a sample size of 396 respondents, data was collected by convenient sampling method and then was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results reveal that all psychosocial factors are positive related to attitudes while purchase behavior is positively influenced. The findings also report that contextual factors have positive impacts on purchase behavior, which proves the important role of contextual factors in influencing consumer choices. It suggests that green packaging is receptive to Vietnamese young consumers but it should be considered within product-related context to enhance the difference in sustainability among similar FMCG products. Practical implications for marketers and future researches have also been discussed at the end of study.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2009

To provide basic data to manufacture superior brassieres, we performed a survey on the wearing and buying habits, and preference of functions and materials of brassieres for 189 women subjects in their twenties. The results of this research are as follows; Style and size are the most important in purchasing brassieres. Flat breasted and sagging breasted subjects were dissatisfied in the fit of the upper cup. 70% of the subjects were ignorant of their brassiere size. Sagging breasted subjects were less satisfied with smoothness, softness, and weight when wearing their bras in comparison with the other types. Conical type breasts were common amongst women in their 20s. They are more likely to wear size 75A and 80A where the full bust girth is 10cm larger than the under-bust. They preferred demi cup brassieres with thin or moderate padding to full cup brassieres with thick padding. On the other hand, 56.8% of subjects wore brassieres all day. The subjects were dissatisfied with the slipping down of the shoulder straps. Large-breasted subjects were concerned more with dampness and the fit on the center front of the brassiere, and brassieres with too thick padding had a poor fit on the center front. Sports-brassieres which fit close to the skin and used stretchable fabric caused more itching and dampness and dissatisfaction in removal of the brassiere.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2024

This study investigates consumer awareness and concerns regarding apparel sizing in the realm of online shopping. A survey was conducted with 450 women aged 18-59 who had engaged in online clothing purchases within the past year. It was observed that consumers shop for clothes online an average of 1.6 times per month, with those under 50 shopping more frequently. The importance of size is higher when buying pants than jackets, especially in online shopping compared to offline purchases. Key references guiding online shopping decisions encompassed product sizing codes, customer reviews, and garment dimensions, which were notably favored by consumers with significant concerns. Respondents opted for Korean-style sizing codes for jackets but chose inch-sizing codes for pants. While awareness of height and weight remains high, knowledge of specific body measurements crucial for clothing size design is lacking, suggesting inadequate communication of size information. Respondents prioritized specific areas for jacket and pants fit, yet the lack of comprehensive self-measurements beyond height and weight might present challenges in determining fit based solely on product dimensions. To address this issue, online retailers should display essential garment dimensions and visually suggest clothing sizes according to various body types. These findings provide valuable insights for online retailers to effectively present size information and lay a foundational framework for consumer size education.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2011

대중저항은 민주화 과정의 필수적인 요소였다. 이 때문에 중국의 민주화 논의에 있어서도 대중저항은 매우 중요한 요소로 인식되어 왔다. 최근 중국에 새로운 저항의 시대가 도래하고 있고, 특히 농민저항이 확대되고 있다. 본 연구는 중국 농민저항의 경향과 특징을 파악하고, 중국 국가-사회관계의 변화에 대한 탐색을 통해 밑으로부터의 민주화가 가능한지를 예측해 보고자 했다. 중국 농민저항의 급증은 중국 경제성장의 역설이다. 발전과정에서 농촌사회는 희생을 강요당해 왔기 때문에, 농민들의 불만표출이 확대되었다. 중국정부는 농민저항을 전통적인 억제와 진압의 방식으로 무마시키는 데 한계에 봉착했고, 점차 농민의 불만을 어느 정도 수용하고 무마시키는 자비로운 국가의 이미지 그리고 영리한 안정구매 전략을 구사하게 되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 지속적인 경제발전과 현대화 과정에서 도시와 농촌간의 격차는 더욱 확대되었고 농민들의 상대적 소외는 쉽게 치유되지 않았다. 이에 따라 중국 농민저항의 불씨는 쉽게 사그라지지 않고, 중국 전역에서 횡행하고 있다. 중국 농민저항의 특징 역시 변화했다. 과거에는 산발적이고 간접적인 저항방식이었다면, 최근에는 조직적이고 적극적인 저항 방식으로 변화하고 있다. 물론 아직까지 정부의 사회 통제력이 강하다는 것이 일반적 평가이고, 농촌 시민사회의 형성기반이 약하기 때문에, 정부의 안정구매 전략은 농민들의 불만이 체제 위협으로까지 확대되지 않게 하고 있다. 당분간은 긴장과 충돌이 중국정부로 하여금 국가-사회간의 상호작용을 제도화시켜 농촌 시민사회의 권력 성장을 억제시키고, 거리투쟁을 제도 내 투쟁으로 유도할 가능성이 높다. 그러나 국가와 농촌사회간의 갈등과 충돌이 끊임없이 지속되고 있으며, 농민 저항의 방식이 변화하는 것을 볼 때 중국 국가-사회관계에도 새로운 조정이 이미 진행되고 있다고 할 수 있다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.991-1002
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the underlying gene regions responsible for productive, phenotypic or adaptive traits in different ecological types of Tibetan sheep and the discovery of important genes encoding valuable traits. Methods: We used whole-genome resequencing to explore the genetic relationships, phylogenetic tree, and population genetic structure analysis. In addition, we identified 28 representative Tibetan sheep single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic selective sweep regions with different traits in Tibetan sheep by fixation index (Fst) and the nucleotide diversity (θπ) ratio. Results: The genetic relationships analysis showed that each breed partitioned into its own clades and had close genetic relationships. We also identified many potential breed-specific selective sweep regions, including genes associated with hypoxic adaptability (MTOR, TRHDE, PDK1, PTPN9, TMTC2, SOX9, EPAS1, PDGFD, SOCS3, TGFBR3), coat color (MITF, MC1R, ERCC2, TCF25, ITCH, TYR, RALY, KIT), wool traits (COL4A2, ERC2, NOTCH2, ROCK1, FGF5, SOX9), and horn phenotypes (RXFP2). In particular, a horn-related gene, RXFP2, showed the four most significantly associated SNP loci (g. 29481646 A>G, g. 29469024 T>C, g. 29462010 C>T, g. 29461968 C>T) and haplotypes. Conclusion: This finding demonstrates the potential for genetic markers in future molecular breeding programs to improve selection for horn phenotypes. The results will facilitate the understanding of the genetic basis of production and adaptive unique traits in Chinese indigenous Tibetan sheep taxa and offer a reference for the molecular breeding of Tibetan sheep.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

거창지역에서 사과재배 50농가를 대상으로 2012년부터 2013년까지 2년간 사용농약 및 사용량, 선택방법, 살포실태 등을 분석한 결과, 연간 살균제는 $13.9{\pm}3.5$회, 살충제 $12.6{\pm}3.2$회, 살비제 $2.6{\pm}1.3$회를 살포하였으며, 살균제는 갈색무늬병, 탄저병, 점무늬낙엽병, 살충제는 복숭아순나방, 복숭아심식나방, 응애류 등을 방제하기 위하여 주로 사용되었다. 농약판매상은 병해충의 발생을 현장에서 직접 파악하지 않고 농약을 판매하였으며, 적용작물에 등록되어 있지 않은 농약을 판매하는 경우도 있었다. 대부분의 농민들은 농약을 스스로 선택하지 못하는 등 판매상에 대한 의존도가 82.5%로 매우 높았다. 병해충종합관리(IPM)체계와 관련하여 거창지역의 사과원에서 살포되는 살균제, 살충제, 살비제의 성분조사를 통해 실질적으로 빈번하게 살포되는 농약을 분석하고, FAO의 권장기준에 부합하는지 비교한 결과 대부분의 약제가 권장기준에 부합하였다.