• Title/Summary/Keyword: business ethical value

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A study on the Relationship between Cyberloafing Characteristic and Cognitive Dissonance

  • Chang, Hwal-Sik;Jung, Dae-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.20 no.9
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2015
  • Cyberloafing is a term used to describe the actions of employees who use their Internet access at work for personal use while pretending to do legitimate work. This research that this puts the foundation on the general deterrence theory, social control theory, and Triandis model compares the individual characteristic including the group norm, self-control, perceived value among many factors having an effect on the personal ethical decision-making besides the general principles of ethics and stipulated regulation like the severity of sanction together. It was exposed to have the effect that the severity of punishment, self control, and perceived value notes to the internet abuse action. Therefore, the education and rules of punishment which is consistent along with the theoretical thesis supporting the groping of the preparation plan that is active in the various ethic problems has to be built. It is necessary that the company devises the internet application in the appropriate range, that is the partial the affirmation feeling which and it can allow officially. According to the cognitive dissonance, since this will have to allow with the positive direction can move to the misuse action with the intention differently, it can draw a conclusion.

A Study on Antecedents of Ethical Leadership of Power Retailers, : Focusing on the Relationship between Discount Stores and Their Suppliers (대형 유통업체 윤리적 리더십의 선행변수에 관한 연구 : 할인점과 공급업체 간 관계를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Sang-Deok
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.59-92
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    • 2012
  • With accumulated research evidence, there is little doubt that leadership behavior is related to a wide variety of positive individual and organizational outcomes. Indeed, leadership behavior has been empirically linked to increased employee satisfaction, organizational commitment, extra effort, turnover intention, organizational citizenship behavior, and overall employee performance. Although leadership behavior has been linked to a number of positive organizational outcomes, research regarding the antecedents of such behavior is limited. Especially there is little research dealing with the antecedents of inter-organizational leadership behavior. This study interests in inter-organizational ethical leadership among marketing channel members. In both the mass media and the academic association, there has been a surge in interest in the ethical and unethical behavior of leaders. Although the corporate scandals in recent years may explain much of the mass media and popular focus, academics' interest has been limited by evidence that ethical leadership behavior is associated with both positive and negative inter-organizational processes and performances. This study tried to contribute to this body of knowledge by examining antecedents of ethical leadership. Ethical leadership is defined "the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making." Ethical leaders not only inform individuals of the behefits of ethical behavior and the cost of inappropriate behavior, such leaders also set clear standards and use rewards and fair and balanced punishment to hold followers accountable for their ethical conduct. Despite the assume importance and prominence of ethical leadership among organizations, there are still many questions relating to its antecedents and consequences. One is whether the likelihood of an leading organization being perceived as an ethical leader among other following organizations in marketing channels can be predicted using its characteristics and inter-organizational relationship maintenance skills. Identifying trait and skill antecedents will aid in the development of strategies for selecting and developing ethical leaders and determining the best means to reinforce ethical behaviors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three categorized variables on ethical leadership of channel leader. To be concrete, this study develops a model of the antecedents of three conceptually distinct forms of channel leader characteristics, such as organizational traits, inter-organizational relationship maintenance strategies, and supplier management strategies, and tests the hypothesized differential effects on ethical leadership of marketing channel leaders. The reason why this study deals with discount store channel is that there is very strong inter-dependence between a discount store and its suppliers. Their strong inter-dependence makes their relationship as the relationship between a leader and suppliers and creates an atmosphere that leadership occur without difficulty. The research model is as follows. For the purpose of empirical testing, 295 respondents of suppliers of discount store channel in Korea were surveyed. The procedures included scale reliability, and discriminant and convergent validity were used to validate measures. Also, the reliability measurements traditionally employed, such as the Cronbach's alpha, were used. All the reliabilities were greater than .70. This study conducted confirmatory factor analyses to assess the validity of our measurements. All items loaded significantly on their respective constructs(with the lowest t-value being 15.2), providing support for convergent validity. We then examined composite reliability and average variance extracted(AVE). The composite reliability of each construct was greater than .70. The AVE of each construct was greater than .50. This study tested research model using Partial Least Square(PLS). The estimation of the structural equation model revealed an acceptable fit of the model to the data($r^2$=.851). Thus, This study concluded that the model fit was considered acceptable. The results of PLS are as follows. The results indicated that conscientiousness, openness, conflict management, social networks, training, fair reward had positive effects on ethical leadership of channel leaders. On the other hand, emotional insecure had negative effect and agreeableness, assurance, and inter-organizational communication had no significant effect on supply chain leadership.

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Correlation between Ethical Factors and Their Competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises (중소기업의 윤리적 특성요인과 기업경쟁력 간의 관계)

  • Lee, Byeong-Seop;Jeon, In-Oh
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.8 no.6
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    • pp.175-185
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    • 2008
  • This study would be research for correlations between ethical factors and company's competitiveness of small and medium enterprises thorough recognizing of important company ethic and approaching to them theoretically. This study has collected all information which small and medium enterprises around Seoul and Kyounggi province and employing more than 5, which 134- survey are used totally. Study reveals that firstly customer and social responsibility provide Positive effects on the organization Dust, secondly CEO's views serve those positive effects as well, thirdly it is not preyed that ethical capacity of company have a positive effect on organization trust. Fourthly, organization trust has good effects on competitiveness of product and price. This results lead to some suggestions as follows. First of all, company should serves systemized value to customers and their societies. For that, it is necessary to analyse their needs and to reflect them into corporate management to build close relationship with customers and reliable marketing activities, efforts to enhance corporate images. This chain of work can make employees feel proud themselves. Secondly, supervisors including CEO should set the pace with high-consensus for ethical behaviour. Thirdly, ethical factors should be improved for improving organization trust simultaneously. Every customer, no matter they are inner or outer, should have highly required ethical understandings for their networks. Furthermore, they have to enhance organization trust and to strengthen company competitiveness through stimulating employee's courages and contribution.

Consumer Ethics and Fashion Corporate Social Responsibility -Attributions of Fashion CSR Motives and Perceptions-

  • Ahn, Soo-kyoung
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2016
  • This study examines the impact of consumer ethics on the CSR motive attributions and, the subsequent consumer perception of the firm's ethicality. Data of 512 adults were collected nationwide using a self-administered questionnaire online. Exploratory and confirmative factor analysis were employed to identify six underlying dimensions of consumer ethics, as follows: actively benefiting from illegal actions, passively benefiting from illegal actions, no harm/no foul, economic benefiting from illegal actions, intellectual property infringement, and pro-environmental behavior. In order to examine the relationships between consumer ethics, CSR motive attribution, and consumer perceived ethicality, a structural equation modeling test was conducted. The results demonstrated that actively benefiting from illegal actions, economic benefiting from illegal action, and pro-environmental behavior had impacts on CSR motive attributions such as strategy-driven attribution, value-driven attribution, and stakeholder-driven attribution. Consequently, strategy-driven attribution and value-driven attribution influenced the consumer perception of the firm's ethicality, whereas stakeholder-driven attribution did not. This study provides an understanding of the CSR attribution mechanism from the view of consumer ethics that are multi-dimensional. The ethical judgements on different types of consumer behavior lead to attributions of CSR motives and subsequently their perception of a firm's ethicality.

The Characteristic of Eco-friendly Trend in Fabric since 2000 (2000년 이후 패션소재에 나타난 친환경 경향과 그 특징)

  • Kim, Jiseon;Yum, Haejung
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.75-89
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    • 2013
  • In 2000s, the interest of ROHAS has been increased and the environmental problem has begun to be discussed as the environmental and global value, not the individual perspective. And the standard of value for eco-friendly awareness has been expanded to the economic category. The trend of eco-friendly fabric can be divided into 3 periods depending on the property. The period for natural fabric with visual effects(2002~2004) can be summarized as the creation of natural shape using the natural image, the interaction of cotton and the technology from the visual perspective. In the period of functional conjunction with eco-friendliness and technology(2005~2008), the eco-friendly awareness through the conjunction of technology and nature and the re-cycling, and the responsibility to the environment had been increased. In the period of sustainable development for nature and environment(2009~2011), it showed the conjunction with nature and the integration with technology and eco-friendly issues. Therefore, the characteristic of eco-friendly trend in fabric since 2000 can be said; firstly, the high-quality fabric has been developed with technological development for the functional progress. Secondly, the ethical creativity has been displayed with the development and utilization of eco-friendly recycling materials. Thirdly, the materials reflected with eco-friendly issues have emerged.

Directions for the Research and Education of Business Ethics (기업윤리에 관한 연구와 교육의 방향성 제시)

  • Kang, Bohyeon
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.127-141
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    • 2018
  • The importance of business ethics has been increased as time goes on. However, there are lacks of education and research in business ethics, domestically and internationally. Especially, in Korea, there are not many universities which teach business ethics as formal curriculum and there are not sufficient researches on business ethics. Also, the level of education of business ethics is only restricted to the type of case discussion and research of business ethics is focused only on one topic, corporate social responsibility which is only one of various and important topics in business ethics. Accordingly, as a qualitative research, this paper presents some directions that are essential to education and research in business ethics, discusses what has been educated and researched in business ethics, and proposes what are necessary for the future of education and research in business ethics. Based on this research, various researches which investigate various topics in business ethics are possible in the future.

The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities on Financial Performance in Public Institutions (공공기관의 사회적 책임 활동이 재무적 성과에 미치는 영향)

  • Jang, Ji Kyung;Kim, Soo Kyun
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.393-404
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the corporate responsibility activities and investigate the effects of these activities on financial performance in public institutions. Methods: The collected data using annual performance evaluation for the year 2017-2019 were analyzed using multi-regression analysis. The corporate social responsibility activities for this study were divided into three dimensions such as social value, efficiency, and welfare. Results: The results of this study are as follows; first, public institutions with high evaluation in social value and welfare had a significant positive effect on financial performance factors such as ROA and ROS. Second, we find that there is a significant negative relation between social value activities and debt ratio. This result means that the higher social value activities, the lower debt ratio. It was also found that the activities for enhancing social value made statistically significant positive influence on BIS performance. Conclusion: These results can be interpreted that public institutions trying various social contribution activities does not necessarily bring negative results for financial performance. In conclusion, it means that socially responsible activities and ethical management in the desirable direction can be beneficial to both public institutions and the society to which they belong.

Developing a Scale for Measuring the Corporate Social Responsibility Activities of Korea Corporation: Focusing on the Consumers' Awareness (한국형 기업의 사회적 책임활동 측정을 위한 척도 개발 연구: 소비자 인식을 중심으로)

  • Park, Jongchul;Kim, Kyungjin;Lee, Hanjoon
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.27-52
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    • 2010
  • It is not new that today's business organizations are expected to exhibit ethical and moral management and to carry out social responsibility as a good corporate citizen. Since South Korea emerged as a newly industrialized country during the 1980s, Korean corporations have become active in carrying out their social responsibility as a good corporate citizen to society. In spite of the short history of corporate social responsibility, Korean companies have actively participated in corporate philanthropy. Corporations' significant donations to various social causes, no-lay-off policies, corporate volunteerism and green marketing are evidences of their commitment to corporate citizenship. Corporate social responsibility is now an essential management practice whereby corporation can strengthen its sustainable value creation processes by enhancing the trust assets underlying the relationships between the business and the stakeholders. Much of the conceptual work in the area of corporate social responsibility(CSR) has originated from researches conducted in the management field. Carroll(1979) proposed that corporations have four types of social responsibilities: economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility. Most past research has investigated CSR and its impact on consumers' attitudes toward the corporations and corporate performances. Although there exists a large body of literature on how consumers perceive and respond to CSR, the majority of past studies were conducted in the United States. The stability and applicability of past findings need to be tested across different national/cultural settings, especially since corporate social responsibility is a reflection of implicit conformation with the expectations and criticism that society may have toward a corporation(Matten and Moon, 2004). In this study, we explored whether people in Korea perceive CSR of Korean corporations in the same four dimensions as done in the United States and what were the measurement items tapping each of these four dimensions. In order to investigate the dimensions of CSR and the measurement items for CSR perceived by Korean people, nine focus group interviews were conducted with several stakeholder groups(two with undergraduate students, two with graduate students, three with general consumers, and two with NGO groups). Scripts from the interviews revealed that the Korean stakeholders perceived four types of CSR which are the same as those proposed by Carroll(1979). However we found CSR issues unique to Korean corporations. For example for the economic responsibility, Korean people mentioned that the corporation needed to contribute to the economic development of the country by generating corporate profits. For the legal responsibility, Koreans included the "corporation need to follow the consumer protection law." For the ethical responsibility, they considered that the corporation needed to not promote false advertisement. In addition, Koreans thought that an ethical company should do transparent management. For the philanthropic responsibility, people in Korea thought that a corporation needed to return parts of its profits to the society for the betterment of society. The 28 items were developed based on the results of the nine focus group interviews, while considering the scale developed by Maignan and Ferrell(2001). Following the procedure proposed by Churchill(1979), we started by developing an item poll consisting of 28 items and purified the initial pool of items through exploratory, confirmatory factor analyses. 176 samples were sued for this analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the 28 items in order to verify the underlying four factor structure. Study 1 provided new measurement items for tapping the Korean CSR dimensions, which can be useful for the future studies exploring the effects of CSR on Korean consumers' attitudes toward the corporations and corporate performances. And we found the CSR scale(17 items) has good reliability, discriminant validity and nomological validity. Economic Responsibility: "XYZ company continuously improves the quality of our products", "XYZ company has a procedure in place to respond to customer complaint", "XYZ company contributes to the economic development of our country by generating profits", "XYZ company is eager to hire people". Legal Responsibility: "XYZ company's products meet legal standards", "XYZ company seeks to comply with all laws regulating hiring and employee benefits", "XYZ company honors contractual obligations to its suppliers", "XYZ company's managers try to comply with the law related to the business operation". Ethical Responsibility: "XYZ company has a comprehensive code of conduct", "XYZ company does not promote a false or misleading advertisement", "XYZ company seems to conduct a transparent business", "XYZ company does a fair business with its suppliers or sub-contractors". Philanthropic Responsibility: "XYZ company encourages partnerships with local businesses and schools", "XYZ company supports sports and cultural activities", "XYZ company gives adequate contributions to charities considering its business size", "XYZ company encourages employees to support our community". Study 2 was condusted for comprehensive validity. 655 samples were used for this anlysis. Collected samples were tested by factor analysis and Crnbach's Alpha coefficiednts and were found to be satisfactory in terms of validity and reliability. Furthermore, fitness of the measurement model was tested by using conformatory factor analysis. χ2=880.73(df=160), GFI=0.891, AGFI=0.854, NFI=0.908, NNFI=0.913, RMR=0.059, RMESA=0.070. We hope that CSR scale could greatly facilitate research on Corporate social resposibility, it is by no means the final answer.

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Understanding of Clinical Trials and Application to the Real Practice (임상시험의 단계별 이해 및 실제)

  • Choi, SungKu
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 2012
  • Understanding of a clinical trial is essential in developing clinical guideline and adopting evidence based practice. In designing and executing clinical trials, following ethical requirements should be considered : social value, scientific validity, fair subject selection, informed consent, favorable risk-benefit ratio, institutional review board, and respect for human subjects. According to the stage of drug development, purpose of trials, accumulated scientific data, clinical trials for drug development are classified as phase 1, 2, 3, and 4. Phases of clinical trials can be overlapped and the judgment of entering into the next phase should be considered highly strategically. In reading, evaluating and interpreting clinical trial reports, various skills and challenges exist. Patient sample composition, trial duration, selection of endpoints, responders and non-responders, placebo effect, patient recruitment, and extrapolation to the real world are the examples of those challenges. Treatment success will come from the well balanced approach of evidence based decision making and consideration of specific single case.

A Study on the Expectation and Awareness of Anti-Bribety Management Systyem Certification in Korea (반부패경영시스템 인증(ISO 37001)에 대한 국내 기업의 기대 및 인지도 연구)

  • Jun, Byoungho
    • Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.95-104
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    • 2020
  • Bribery is one of the world's most destructive and challenging issues. Yet despite efforts on national and international levels to tackle bribery, it remains a significant issue. Recognizing this, ISO has developed a new standard to help organizations fight bribery and promote an ethical business culture, which is "ISO 37001 - Anti-bribery Management Systems" in 2016. ISO 37001 can provide the tools and systems to greatly reduce the risk and help organizations deal with it effectively if it does arise. It is a flexible tool, which can be adapted according to the size and nature of the organization and the bribery risk it faces. After enforcing the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act, Korean government standardized ISO 37001, one of the Business Ethics of Global Standard, harmonizing International Standards into Korean Industrial Standards (KS) in 2017. It is meaningful in that Korean companies have localized regulation which applies to global standard anti-bribery management systems. Only about 100 organizations, however, have adopted ISO 37001 so far. The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the expectation and awareness of ISO 37001. Results show that still many organizations lack of awareness of ISO 37001 and it is implicated that much promotion and education will be necessary. This study has originality and value in that it can provide the guidelines for activation of ISO 37001.