• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.279-283
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• 2009

This study was conducted to clarify the breeding bird communities between natural and fired forests in Verchneussuriisky Research Forest ($44^{\circ}$ 02' N, $134^{\circ}$ 10' E) Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Science at Ussuri, Russia from 7 to 11 June 2008. Total 37 species of birds were recorded in both study sites. Luscinia cyane, Urosphena squameiceps, and Emberiza tristrami were most dominant species. In natural forest, 115 individuals of 32 species were observed and bird species diversity (H') was 3.13. Sixty two individuals of 29 species were recorded and bird species diversity was 3.12 in fired forest. Bush and Canopy nesting guilds were higher in natural forest than in fired forest. But hole nesting guild was higher in fired forest. In foraging guilds, canopy foraging guild was most dominant in both study site. Air and bush foraging guilds were higher in natural forest. The differences of bird communities would be caused by differences of habitat conditions between study sites.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.16 s.16
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• pp.39-51
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• 2004

The standing Buddha named Taehwa 4 yew in the Jincheon were sculptured with rock cliff of the dark grey shale. Front of the Buddha statue shows $N40^{\circ}W$ strike with nearly vertical dip toward the back side. Rock blocks of the Buddha statue well developed with bedding and laminations whereas rock surface distributed into the various irregular discontinuities. Sculptured lines of the Buddha were uncertain because of degradation and exfoliations on the rock surface. The surface near the Buddha statue is highly contaminated with lichen and mosses, and accelerate physical and biological weathering owing to the roots of weed and bush along the fracture systems. For the conservational treatment, we treated with primary wet cleaning by air gun and secondary cleaning treatment using distilled water. Separated rock surface and fractured parts fasten and/or fill up the boundaries of the rock blocks using epoxy resin for conservation of rock properties. Some brittle surface was treatment with water repellent consolidant of ethyl silicates, and heterogeneous surface carried out color matching by acrylic pigments. Upper part of the Buddha statue dig out small ditch for rain water drainage, and near surface of the Buddha statue treat removal works for lichen, weeds and bush. The duration capacity of the Buddha constituting rocks are degraded by various weathering factors, therefore we suggest that this Buddha statue have need to do long term monitoring and synthetic conservation researches.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.269-279
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• 2002

Housewives residing in the Kyongsang-Buk-do area were surveyed to determine their ownership of Korean traditional kitchen appliances and their usages. A breakdown of the appliances for the survey was as follows: 16 tableware, 17 household utensils, 15 heating utensils, 14 ceramic and earthen pottery, 6 stone utensils, 9 cooking utensils, 9 utensils made of the dried bamboo and bush clover, and 13 dining tables ("sang"). The types of the appliances with the largest ownerships and most frequently used were as follows: The jeopsi was most frequently owned, followed by the daejeop and the jaengban. The most frequently used item was the jubal,, followed by the daejeop and the jeopsi. Among the wooden utensils, bangmangi was most frequently owned, followed by the chanjang, the che, the doe, mal and hop. The most frequently used household utensil was the chanjang, followed by the takjasang and the doe, mal and hop. The utensil the most people owned fur heating was the jujeonja, followed by the seoksoe, the musoesot and the siru. The most frequently used utensil for heating was the jujeonja, the musoesot and the seoksoe, in the order. As for the ceramic and earthen pottery, hangari and dok were owned and used most frequently. The maetdol and the jeolgu, though very low in their ownership rate, were most frequently owned items among the stoned utensils. The kal and the doma were the most frequently owned and used cooking utensils. The sokuri, and the chaeban and the baguni were the most frequently owned among the utensils made of the dried bamboo, bush clover and straw, while the sokuri was used the most frequently, followed by the chaeban and the jori. Among the dining tables, the kyojasang was the item most frequently owned, followed by the seonban and the chaeksangban, while the wonban was the most frequently used, followed by the kyojasang and the chaeksangban.eksangban.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect wildbirds in Chuwangsan National Park. The survey was carried out over two survey sections by the line transect method in spring, summer and autumn in 1994. Total number of observed birds were 42 species(33 species in spring, 32 species in summer, and 26 species in autumn), and the result was the same with the typical pattern of temperate bird communities. Total number of natural monument and rare birds were 7 species, which included Golden Eagle(Aquila chrysaetos), Chinese Sparrow Hawk(Accipter soloensis), Eagle Owl(Bubo bubo), etc. In breeding season, species richness was high in canopy nesting guild, and density(ea/ha) was high in hole nesting guild. Canopy foraging guild was dominated in spring and summer, ratio of bush(or ground) foraging guild was increased in autumn. Since the habitats of observed natural monuments and rare species were roughly overlapped with the nature preservation area, it is necessary to preserve the area completely and to investigate and protect these species continuously. For the protection of the bush(or ground) foraging guild, it needs to plant bushes around trails and to control users. Food plants, artificial food planting of bushs, and artificial nest are needed for the habituation of wildbirds, and as the damage of wild cats is increasing lately, it needs to control these cats.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 1977

A study has been made to correlate morphological and biochemical differentiation in the oocytes of a tubiculous polychaete, Schizobranchia insignis. The pressent paper is concerned with an examination of the cytological changes during oogenesis and annual size distribution of oocytes, The oocytes are released from the ovary into the coelomic sac at the end of the oogonial division and grow to a maximum size (180 $\\mu$ diameter). Oogensis takes place continuously throughout a year, although the breeding season is the period between January and March. When the oocytes reach the largest size class, they remain constant in size thereafter and accumulate in the coelomic sac. The nucleolus, which first appears in the oocytes 5-10$\\mu$ diameter, grows in the early stages of oogenesis, becomes maximum in the oocytes 100-120$\\mu$ diameter, and is constant throughout the rest of the pertiod. The nuclelus initially has a single comartment but becomes bipartite prior to vitello genesis. Three types of yolk including lipid droplets, proteid granules and oval granules oof unknown composition form at different times of oogenesis. The lipid droplets and oval granules appear in the early stage, but mainly in the oocytes larger than 80 $\\mu$ diameter. Proteid yolk and cortical granules appear only in the oocytes larger than 80 $\\mu$ diameter Microvilli are abundant in the oocyte 80 $\\mu$ diameter and embedded in the vitelline membranc. In the oocytes 180 $\\mu$ diameter they have retracted from the vitelline membrane.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.639-648
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• 2011

We recorded the movement of wildbirds nine times at Hoam 1st Tunnel, Kkachisan Park, Deungneung pass to compare the movement between eco-corridor and neighboring crossing road from June to September, 2006. Among three areas, birds did not prefer the eco-corridor at pass type such as Kkachisan Park and Deungneung pass, however number of species and individuals were high at the eco-corridor at Hoam 1st Tunnel. Over 90m width and the slope location of eco-corridors can be beneficial for wild birds to enhance the movement along eco-corridors between isolated two patches. Average foliage volume under two meters showed the relation with bush nesters, and that from 7 to 8m had the highest relationship with canopy nesters. In Seoul city, target species should be considered at the construction of eco-corridors according to site characteristics, but Paradoxornis webbianus could be suggested as a main target species at eco-corridors. To enhance the movement of diverse wildbirds, we would implement that eco-corridors could be located at the slope area with the size of 1ha (over 90m width), eco-corridors could be planted and managed with the high foliage volume of shrub layer under twometers and canopy layer over 8 meters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2001

Changes in breeding bird community and forest structure by thinning were investigated from April 1997 to August 1998 in 10ha ($400{\times}250m$) of temperate mixed hardwood forest in Mt. Gariwang which is located in National Forest, Pyoungchang, Kangwon Province, Korea. Bird community was surveyed by the territory mapping method and forest structure was done by analyzing the vertical structure of foliage, distribution of diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees and tree species composition. After the thinning, tree density, number of tree species and basal area were decreased from 195ea/ha, 18 species and 6.69 $m^2/ha$ into 100ea/ha, 13 species and 3.04 $m^2/ha$, respectively. Foliage coverages in upper and mid layer were decreased, but coverage in low layer was increased. Large trees (Over 40cm of DBH) were decreased. Number of breeding bird species and pairs were decreased from 14 species and 23 pairs into 8 species and 12 pairs after the thinning. Number of breeding pairs of Yellow-breasted bunting Emberiza elegans incresed. There were decrease in number of species in hole & bush-nesting and canopy & bush-foraging guild. The results suggested that the thinning affect the species composition of breeding bird community and the forest structure. Changes of habitat structure might influence in breeding bird's density, species diversity and habitat using pattern of breeding bird community.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics and utilization of pruned kiwifruit branches as wreath materials. Amount of pruned branches produced from one 11~15 year-old kiwi plant cv. 'Hayward' can be used for one wreath with 76cm in diameter. Making a wreath with 76cm in diameter with the pruned kiwifruit branches required 75 branches with 31~40cm length. And the cost to make a wreath with 76cm in diameter for the Keaki and the paper bush were cheeper than those of winged spindle tree and Korean dogwood. Floral designers evaluated that the glossy, the delicacy and the unique form of cut branches, and their various hue were lower than that of the commonly-used cut branches, however, the beauty of curved line, the characteristics after drying, and the utilization and prospect of pruned kiwi branches were higher by 'over good' than that of the commonly-used branches. Consequently, it was assumed that the utilization of pruned kiwifruit branches can be contributed to the improvement of side income for a farm household, and the diversity wreath materials.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 1963

1. In the mulberry groves for both rearing of spring and fall, the rate of germination was 74.3 percent and the rate of the unfinished bud was 25.7 percent. 2. When the summer pruning after spring rearing was not worked, new sprouted leaves from the axillary buds of an age old branches was 74.88 percent of germination and the rest from unfinished bud during the spring showed 28.12 percent. 3. In the furrows running from north to south, new buds facing the due north were the worst but towards south-east and north-east were the best in their sprouts. 4. One year-old branches which had been raised without the summer pruning in the bush types of Morus Lhou (ser) Koidz offered a habitat where Apriona Rugico1lis Cherr could live. 5. On the grove of Morus Lhou Koidz cultivated at lower zone under a higher humidity and the shortage of sun light the appearance of Anomoneura Mori Schw was likely to happen very much. 6. One year old branches without the summer pruning produced more leaves owing to a long period of growth than branches with the summer pruning in the fall crops. 7. It is necessary to reconsider a certain distance of planting because of causing, when the summer pruning was not made in the bush plantation, a obstacle of fertilizer operation or the forth coming year's management. 8. It can not be thought the ideal method for us to raise mulberry tree such as Morus Lhou Koidz under natural form and at a short distance of planting (one another). 9. Among the species, Morus alba L. had a great deal of leaves and of the rate of germination per unit length of branch.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.1
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• pp.113-154
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• 2003

We can feel the fear through the reports of outbreaking centers of terror. Also, we noticed through "the 9.11 terror" that there exists no safety zone from terrorism. However, we should question ourselves whether we are relaxing attention or ceasing anxiety too much in the perimeter, as in the peninsula of Korea. Through "the 9.11 terror", the vulnerability of the United State's homeland security has been exposed, giving a serious damage to the national pride. President Bush started the war against terror to strengthen global joints of anti-terrorism, identify terrorists and contribute to the global peace, adopting offensive realism including preemptive attack concept which means to remove the threat preemptively. In today's reality of international politics, where the inhuman, indiscriminate, and anti-civilizational international terror became greater, extending to the stage of war, the international societies' agony and focus lies on how to banish it. The 9.11 terrorism, which is a new form of terrorism, is being distinguished from conventional terrorism into new terrorism. New terrorism is a new form of terrorism meaning that you do not know the enemy, the goal does not exist and they conscientiously use the weapons of mass destruction. This paper is a work meant to help understanding new terrorism, the new form, by a comparative analysis with the conventional terrorism. Therefore the origin, concept and general characteristics new terrorism is picked out and the representative forms of it, which are suicide bombing, cyber, biochemical and nuclear terrorism, are analyzed in detail in theoretical manner.