• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2023

When a children's school bus stops on the road, the operator enables an amber flashing light (indicating stopping or slowing) or a red flashing light (indicating that children are getting on and off). Drivers of vehicles passing by the stopped school bus, as well as vehicles in adjacent lanes to the school bus must stop temporarily. However, many drivers are not aware of the laws and do not comply with them, so children are exposed to an increased risk of being hit, especially at night as the color recognition of the vehicle is significantly lower than during the day. In our experiments, messages and shapes using light were projected to the front and rear of a parked school bus, in addition to its red lights flashing.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.316-326
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• 2002

This study was carried out on 178 bus drivers in the Masan area to investigate their health and nutritional status. THe nutritional status of the subjects was surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and blood analyses were conducted through annual health examinations in June, 1999. The results were as fellows: About 51% were classified as normal, 33% as health-concerned, and 17% as disease-suspected. The levels of total seam cholesterol were significantly higher in the over 20 year group (194.64 $\pm$ 41.42 mg/dl) than in the under 10 year group (175,00 $\pm$ 31.33 mg/dl) with respect to the length of their driving careers. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher in the 51 to 60 age group than in the other groups (p < 0.05) . The total seam cholesterol increased with increasing age (p < 0.001), and SBP increased with increasing Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (p < 0.01), hemoglobin (p < 0.05) and glutamate-pyruvate-aminotransferase (GPT) (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the BMI of over 20, than in the BMI under 20. The GPT was significantly higher in the BMI over 25 than in the BMI under 25. In The mean daily energy intake was 1912.7 kcal (76.5% of the RDA) ultra the protein intake was 74.3 g (106.2% or the RDA). Compared with the recommended allowance, the energy, calcium, thiamin, and riboflavin intakes were below, and the Fe, vitamin A, vitamin C intakes were above the Korean RDA. The average carbohydrate, protein, fat ratio of energy intake was 66 : 15 : 19, respectively. The length of their driving careers had a positive correlation with their ages and total serum cholesterol levels, and their ages had a positive correlation with their blood pressures, total seam cholesterol and hemoglobin levels and BMI. Their BMI had a positive correlation with their ages, blood pressures, total serum cholesterol, hemoglobin, GPT and GOT levels. The results of this study indicate that bus drivers needed regular exercise, and control of their body weights to prevent chronic diseases, and that their health status should be monitored as the length of their driving careers and ages increase.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the incidence risk of cardicerebrovascular disease (CVD) among male bus drivers, and to examine and compare the predictors of their health behavior according to the level of CVD incidence risk. Methods: The convenience sample of 222 male bus drivers were recruited from a bus company located in Jeonnam province. Data were collected from self-reported questionnaires and annual medical examination records from 2010. The CVD incidence risk was calculated based on the risk criteria for industrial workers. Results: The 26.6% and 26.1% of the participants were in the moderate and high risk group, respectively. The 72% of the participants were in the precontemplation stage and reported no intention to change their unhealthy lifestyles. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that current smoking, excessive alcohol drinking, physical inactivity and lack of knowledge were negative predictors of good health behavior in the normal/low risk group (Adj $R^2$=.443). Heavy alcohol drinking, current smoking, physical inactivity and dyslipidemia were reported by the moderate/high risk group (Adj $R^2$=.427). Conclusion: This study suggested that targeted education and counseling are needed to modify unhealthy lifestyles such as alcohol consumption, smoking and exercise among middle aged male drivers. Especially, dyslipidemia should be managed among those who are at risk for CVD.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2022

Background: Bus driving is a mentally demanding activity that requires prolonged attention to ensure safety. The aim of the study was to assess mental fatigue caused by driving a public bus and to find a profile of workers at higher risk. Methods: We evaluated changes of critical flicker fusion (CFF) (index of central arousal) and heart rate variability (HRV) (index of autonomic balance) in a 6-hour driving shift on a real route, in 31 professional bus drivers, and we tested the influence of personal factors such as sleep quality, BMI, and age. Paired t-test was used to test differences of CFF and HRV between both initial and final phase of driving, while multiple linear regression tested the influence of personal variables on the indexes of mental fatigue. Results: Results showed that CFF significantly decreased after 6 hours of bus driving (41.91 Hz, sd 3.31 vs. 41.15 Hz, sd 3.15; p = 0.041), and heart rate significantly decreased in the final phase of driving, with respect to the initial phase (85 vs. 78 bpm, p = 0.027). Increasing age (beta = -0.729, p = 0.022), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (beta = -0.530, p = 0.04), and diurnal sleepiness (beta = -0.406, p = 0.017) showed a significant effect on influencing mental fatigue. Conclusion: Elderly drivers at higher risk of sleep disorders are more prone to mental fatigue, when exposed to driving activity. Monitoring indexes of central arousal and autonomic balance, coupled with the use of structured questionnaires can represent a useful strategy to detect profile of workers at higher risk of mental fatigue in such duty.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.232-244
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• 2002

This study investigated the correlation between health-related habits and the biochemical characteristics of the blood of Korean bus drivers. A total of 178 bus drivers working in the Masan area participated in this study. The general characteristics and health-related habits of the subjects were surveyed using a serf-administered questionnaire. The biochemical date were collected from regular health check-ups done through their workshop health insurance company in lune, 1999. The results were as follows : The average age of the subjects was 38 years, and 44.2% had a driving career of between 10 and 19 years. About 90% of the subjects ate irregularly, and 36% ate. health floods. Their rates of drinking, smoking and exercise were 74.6%, 83.6% and 70.8%, respectively. Their frequency of drinking was significantly increased as the length of their driving career increased (p < 0.001). Their levels of total serum cholesterol, in relation to the length of their driving career was significantly higher in the over 20 year group than in the below 10 year group (p < 0.05). Their systolic blood pressures, according to age, were significantly higher in the 51 to 60 age group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Their total um cholesterol levels signiscantly increased with increasing age (p < 0.001). Their diastolic blood pressures (p < 0.001) and blood glucose levels (p < 0.05) were significantly higher among the subjects who drinking alcohol almost everyday, than among other subjects. Their systolic blood pressures who significantly increased with increasing frequency of their drinking (p < 0.001). The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were positively related to age, the amount of drinking, the frequency of drinking and the obesity index, and negatively related to exercise and the duration of exercise. The hemoglobin was positively related to age, preference for a meat diet and the obesity index. The blood glucose was positively related to the amount of drinking, and the total serum cholesterol was positively related to age, length of driving career, period of smoking and the obesity index. The results of this study indicated that bus drivers need regular exercise, moderation of their drinking and smoking, and control of their body weights so as to prevent chronic diseases.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.18-35
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to determine causes of low back pain in bus drivers who usually work in prolonged sitting position and to find the relationship of back pain with general characteristics and work environmental characteristics, stress symptoms, to com맹re lordosis angle of habitual driving posture and resting posture in low back pain group and non-low back pain group, and to use this result as a basis for improvement of work environment and comprehensive rehabilitative management of low back pain. Ninety-eight bus drivers were selected from the membership of an urban transit union in Seoul. These informations were collected from May 1, 1997 to May 25, 1997 by means of structured questionnaires and X-ray findings. These data were analyzed by $x^2$ test, t-test, logistic regression using SAS. The major results were as follows: 1. Of the respondents, 66.3% of bus drivers were found to be experiencing back pain. 2. Of the respondents of low back pain groups, 78.5% reported that major cause of low back pain was due to prolonged sitting. 3. The group with experiences of frequent or continuous vibration had more low back pain (p<0.05). There were no significant differences among other work environmental factors. 4. Average stress score was significantly higher in the group with low back pain than in the group without low back pain (p<0.05). 5. The results of the logistic regression analyses were statistically significant vibration from seat and stress score among the risk factors (p<0.05). 6. Averaged lordosis angle of habitual driving posture was $7.6{\pm}14.9$ degrees in low back pain group, $16.5{\pm}8.7$ degrees in non-low back pain and averaged lordosis angle of resting sitting posture was $10.8{\pm}13.7$ degrees in low back pain, $18.9{\pm}9.6$ degrees in non-low back pain group but the difference in mean lordosis angles of two groups was not statistically significant. The results of this study indicate that professional drivers developed chronicity of low back pain due to unfit seat, poor habitual posture and stress from vibration or other risk factors. Therefore, there is need to improve work environment, i.e. enough resting, to set a seat to support lumbar spine properly and to provide comprehensive rehabilitation program including early diagnosis, proper treatment and education for self help management.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2014

본 연구는 어린이집 통학버스 운전자의 안전의식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 대전, 충 남북 지역의 어린이집에서 통학버스를 운전하는 어린이집 원장과 지입형태의 운전자 276명을 조사대상자로 하였다. 자료분석을 위하여 PASW Statistics 18.0을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어린이집 원장과 지입형태 운전자의 안전의식 수준은 각각 6.46(SD=1.65)과 6.82(SD=1.75)로 나타나 지입형태의 운전자가 유의미하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(t=1.958, p<.05). 둘째, 조사대상자의 안전의식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 각 집단별로 크게 다른 것으로 나타났다. 어린이집 원장의 안전의식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 사고 경험 유무, 감각추구성향, 안전지향동기, 보호자 등의 안전의식, 지각-운동기술 순으로 나타났다. 반면에, 지입형태의 운전자의 안전의식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 안전지향동기, 건강상태, 일일 운전시간, 경제상태, 보호자 등의 안전의식 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과에 기초하여 어린이집 통학버스 운전자의 안전의식을 향상하고, 교통사고를 방지할 수 있는 몇 가지의 실질적인 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.588-594
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• 2016

고령화 사회가 다가옴에 따라 교통약자가 증가하는 추세이며, 이에 따라 대중교통에 대한 문제점은 다발적으로 발생하고 있다. 발생하는 대부분의 문제점은 버스 운전기사가 탑승할 승객을 인지 못하고 정류장을 지나치는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 IoT기반의 버스 알림 서비스 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발한 시스템은 공공데이터를 이용하여 버스 노선을 확보한 뒤 GPS정보를 이용하여 사용자에게 정류장 위치를 알려주고 버스 운전기사에게 탑승해야하는 손님의 정보를 전달하는 시스템이다. Application을 만들어 각 지역별로 실외에서 실제 움직이는 차량의 위치를 GPS로 수신한 후 데이터를 전송하는 방법을 통해 연구를 진행하였다. 실험 결과 사람이 많은 경기지역에서도 승객의 위치를 제대로 판별하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 평균오차거리는 31m 이며, 오류로 처리해야 할 데이터를 제외할 경우 19m 로 높은 신뢰성을 제공한다.

• 융합신호처리학회 학술대회논문집
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• 한국신호처리시스템학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.161-164
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• 2003

This research presents the parallel control scheme of PID servo-driver for shaping of the curved glass. The designed system consists of a PC, main controller and 11 servo-drivers. Each elements are connected by using RS-232C and 8-bit bus communication. In order to guarantee the stability and the control performance, we use the LM629, a precision PID motion controller, and LMD18200, a H-bridge on the servo-drivers. PC calculates position values of 11 DC motors by using the pre-determined curvature value and offers the user interface environment operator.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1149-1156
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• 2012

In this study, we proposed the most efficient driving posture based on the analysis of quantitative muscular strength and fatigue degree according to posture. Since driving include complicated actions required by a variety of ability and cause by extremes concentration or strain, drivers tend to feel tired easily. However, drivers can't recognize the fatigue degree by themselves. Moreover, the method for measuring the quantitative fatigue degree exactly is quite difficult to be secured. 9 professional bus drivers were participated. We analyzed the quantitative legs' muscular strength when operating each pedal. And then we also analyzed the muscular strength and muscular fatigue degree according to driving pattern during bus driving. Therefore, we suggested the most efficient driving posture.