• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

Bird collisions with glass are a substantial source of human-caused avian mortality. It has been estimated that between 100 million and 1 billion birds die in collisions with windows every year, and bird-window collisions can have a particularly serious impact on populations because glass is dangerous for strong, healthy, breeding adults. The purpose of this study are to address the bird-window collision issue and to provide suggestions for bird-safe development by reviewing precedent studies on bird collision and analyzing bird-friendly design guidelines. Typically reflections of the sky, clouds or trees on glass, green plants in lobbies, and lights attract and confuse both migrating and resident birds. Therefore birds fatally fly into the glass because they do not recognize that reflections are false and that glass is a barrier. Many cities such as Toronto, Chicago and New York have made efforts on reducing the bird collision by encouraging the creation of environmentally conscious and bird-safe buildings. The USGBC also introduced a bird-safety credit as part of its environmental certification process, called LEED. The results of the study presented that architects and builders can help reduce or prevent bird from collisions in both new construction and existing structures with creative use of design elements. The measures to reduce bird collisions include using glass with an embedded pattern, opaque or translucent films, decals, dot patterns, awnings, louvers, and grilles. Turning off lights after midnight during the spring and fall migrations can be part of the solution as well. In order to reduce bird mortality, the most important thing is to generate awareness of the issue among designers, builders, as well as the public. Also local governments need to develop bird-friendly design guidelines and planning mechanisms to encourage bird-safe development and building operation.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-30
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• 2011

This paper analyzes system builders and their human networks of the Korean online game industry. By the early 2000s, Korea became one of the major online gaming countries in the world. In this period, important factors included the existence of system builders and their solid human networks. The few innovators who assisted the breakthrough of the development of the online gaming industry formed a human network in universities and IT companies. They shared innovations in information and collectively learned the conventions of the industry. In their achievement, the human networks which had already fully formed in the late 1990s became more noticeable. This paper, with its historical approach, will complement the limits shown by existing researches that, in their effort to find the causes for the success of the Korean online game industry, focus rather narrowly on the conditions of the period during which online games were becoming popular.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1981

The influence of laundering conditions on calcium deposition on the fabric was studied by repeated laundering the cotton fabric with soap in the hard water of 200 P.P.M. $CaCO_3$. The experimental variables were: 1) soap concentrations ($0.06\%$, $0.13\%$, $0.25\%$), 2) water contents in the fabric after hydroextraction. ($65\%$, $150\%$, $315\%$), 3) builders (Na-EDTA, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate), 4) washing cycle (5, 10, 15, 20 cycles). The fabric was washed for 15 minutes at $23\pm1^{\circ}C$ in a washing machine (Model; Gold Star Wp-2005) under the similar conditions with those of home laundering, and rinsed 5 times for 5 minutes. The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric was determined by the EDTA-Back titration method described by Wasserman and Basch. Results of this study were follows: 1) The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric increased with increasing wash cycles. 2) During the rinsing process, residual calcium content on the fabric increased with water content in the fabric after hydroextraction. 3) The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric decreased with the increasing soap concentration above the equivalent amount of calcium ion content in the water. 4) Sequestering agents and alkaline builders influenced the amount of calcium deposits on the fabric. The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric was in the order of sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate, nonbuilder, and EDTA.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a SW-EDU bot, a chatbot learning model for coding education by using a chatbot system. The same scenario-based models are created on the basis of Dialogflow and Kakao i Open Builder, which are representative chatbot builders. And then a SW-EDU bot is designed and implemented by selecting the builder more appropriate to our purpose. The implemented chatbot system aims to learn effective learning methods while encouraging self-direction of users by providing learning type selection, concept learning, and problem solving by difficulty level. In order to compare the usability of chatbot builders, five indicators are selected, and based on these, a builder with a comparative advantage is selected, and SW-EDU bot is implemented based on these. Through usability evaluation, we analyze the feasibility of SW-EDU bot as a learning support tool and confirm the possibility of using it as a new coding education learning tool.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.150-190
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• 2024

This article proposes a framework to elucidate the structural dynamics of the generative AI ecosystem. It also outlines the practical application of this proposed framework through illustrative policies, with a specific emphasis on the development of the Korean generative AI ecosystem and its implications of platform strategies at AI platform-squared. We propose a comprehensive classification scheme within generative AI ecosystems, including app builders, technology partners, app stores, foundational AI models operating as operating systems, cloud services, and chip manufacturers. The market competitiveness for both app builders and technology partners will be highly contingent on their ability to effectively navigate the customer decision journey (CDJ) while offering localized services that fill the gaps left by foundational models. The strategically important platform of platforms in the generative AI ecosystem (i.e., AI platform-squared) is constituted by app stores, foundational AIs as operating systems, and cloud services. A few companies, primarily in the U.S. and China, are projected to dominate this AI platform squared, and consequently, they are likely to become the primary targets of non-market strategies by diverse governments and communities. Korea still has chances in AI platform-squared, but the window of opportunities is narrowing. A cautious approach is necessary when considering potential regulations for domestic large AI models and platforms. Hastily importing foreign regulatory frameworks and non-market strategies, such as those from Europe, could overlook the essential hierarchical structure that our framework underscores. Our study suggests a clear strategic pathway for Korea to emerge as a generative AI powerhouse. As one of the few countries boasting significant companies within the foundational AI models (which need to collaborate with each other) and chip manufacturing sectors, it is vital for Korea to leverage its unique position and strategically penetrate the platform-squared segment-app stores, operating systems, and cloud services. Given the potential network effects and winner-takes-all dynamics in AI platform-squared, this endeavor is of immediate urgency. To facilitate this transition, it is recommended that the government implement promotional policies that strategically nurture these AI platform-squared, rather than restrict them through regulations and stakeholder pressures.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.227-263
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• 2013

Examining the patterns of evolution of interstate systems in Asia, this article argues that the relationship of state-builders to nomads stood in much of continental Asia stood in sharp contrast to the relationships between rulers and mercantile-financial elites in Europe. Due to the productivity of wet-rice economies, continental Asian rulers were not dependent on merchants and bankers to raise armies to wage war or suppress rebellions unlike their European counterparts. Hence they had no need to grant bankers and merchants concessions, especially monopolies which is how large volumes of capital are accumulated. Geographic conditions however meant that while the lack of internal frontiers meant that large continental-sized states could be created in China, this was not possible in the Indian subcontinent where a more chequered equilibrium where nomads enjoyed a military advantage in arid and semi-arid tracts meant that trans-subcontinental polities enjoyed only a fleeting existence. In mainland southeast Asia, where dense forests and a difficult terrain insulated the region from nomadic conquests, a third variant of interstate relations emerged.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2012

The hull form design technique for high speed power boat based on the parametric design method is presented in this paper. While the design methods of conventional vessels that are currently in use have been well developed in various aspects from existing database. However, an easy and simple design program for high speed power boats needs to be provided for the relatively small boat builders who are in lack of experience and skilled manpower. This paper presents a parametric design technique which is aimed to provide an easier creation of a new model by inputting several parameters, such as angles and lengths, which correlate with hydrodynamics characteristic for high speed boats. The paper also introduces the prototype program developed to design power boat with parametric design technique.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.125-148
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• 1996

This paper is primarily focused on the function of model management systems such as higher level representations and buildings of optimization models using them, especially in the area of the telecommunication network models. This research attempts to provide the model builders an intuitive language-namely higher level representation-using five distinctivenesses : Objective, Node, Link, Topological Constraint including five components, and Decision. The paper elaborates all components included in each of distinctivenesses extracted from structural characteristics of typical telecommunication network models. Higher level representations represented with five distinctivenesses should be converted into base level representations which are employed for semantic representations of linear and integer programming problems in knowledge: assisted optimization modeling system(UNIK-OPT). Furthermore, for formulating the network model using higher level representations, the reasoning process is proposed. A system called UNIK-NET is developed to implement the approach proposed in this research, and the system is illustrated with an example of the network model.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 1997

To utilize the alkaline protease produced by Halomonas sp. ES-10 as an enzyme detergent, the crude enzyme was obtained by methanol precipitation and lyophilization. And it was processed to coated enzyme.The best mixing ratio of components such as coated enzyme, builders, actives, fillers and adjuvants on detergency was examined, and temperature and pH influencing detergency were also tested. Detergency test 0.15% detergent solution was carried out on EMPA test cloth #116 with shaking(90 rpm) for 10 min after 30 min of pretreatment. The detergent which contained coated-enzyme 1%, Zeolite 4A 20%, Tween 80 1. 5%, sodium borate 30%, sodium meta silicate 7.5% and water 40% showed about 90% of washing efficiency at 40$\circ $C and pH 10.0.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.239-241
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• 2012

The major industrialized nations have continued to develop industrialized construction techniques based on automated production processes in factories, and are applying them to a wide range of building. However, the unit modular construction system has had a shorter history of development and application in Korea compared to advanced countries, and consequently, Korean modular builders have a relatively poor technical capacity. So this study is draw a conclusion on the target of priority improvement for idea creation. It study on the enhancement of the functionality of the tool for assemble of Unit Modular that choose the enhancement of the functionality through the analysis of function on the three-level of functional definition and classification, functional arrangement, functional appraisal.