• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.91-99
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• 2007

Activities of the extracellular enzyme from Fomitopsis palustris, a brown-rot fungi, and by which crystallinity changes of cellulose in the various softwoods, such as Larix leptolepsis, Finns rigida, Finns koraiensis and Finns densiflora by liquid culture, were investigated. Activity of Cellobiohydrolase (CBH) from F. palustris was detected in the every test softwoods culture, showing activities of the Endoglucanase (EG), $\beta$-glucosidase (BGL) and $\beta$-1,4-xylosidase (BXL). It was shown high enzyme activities in the sapwood culture than heartwood of the same wood species, However, the enzyme activities in most of test wood cultures increased with longer incubation time, indicating a possibility of intermix sapwood and heartwood for degradation process by enzyme. Also it was shown that protein patterns of the extracellular enzyme from F. palustris in wood particle substrate of the several domestic softwoods were similar with each other wood species, which suggested the possibility of mixing all softwoods in saccharification by enzyme from F. palustris. Crystallinity reduction value of cellulose by F. palustris was 4.2~20.4% in 4 weeks cultivation, 12.9~28.9% in 8 weeks.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.208-213
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• 2013

The contents of raw materials which are components of mixed substrate for mushroom cultivation were analyzed to optimize the composition. The pure protein(amino acid) level of soybean meal was the highest, 44.02% followed by those of soybean curd residue(31.5%) and cotton seeds meal(30.6%). The non protein nitrogen(NPN) contents in crude protein of main nitrogen materials were 2.4% for soybean meal and 5.6% for dried soybean curd residue, while those of wheat bran and rice bran used as the carbon source were relatively higher, 17.6% compared to that of nitrogen supplying media. Crude protein content per price was 6.0 for rapeseed meal, indicating that it is high crude protein content per price. Nitrogen-free extract(NFE) considering as an ingredient for mycelial growth were high in alphacorn(72.9%) and wheat bran B(57.2%). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) was high in corncob, 51.88%, its use for cultivation of brown rot fungi including Lentinus lepideus should pay attention because the fungi lack complete lignin degradation activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.4 s.91
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• pp.280-282
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• 1999

A new disease on mask melon grown under plastic film houses was found in Namhae area in May of 1999. Gray to dark brown mold were grown on the surface of matured fruits and infected inside tissues were discolored and rotten. Basal part of the fruit and blossom-end were frequently infected and colonized by fungi. About 2.2% of matured fruits were infected in the surveyed plastic film houses. The causal organism was isolated from the lesion and identified as Botrytis cinerea. The conidia in mass were hyaline or gray, 1-celled, mostly ellipsoid or ovoid and sized $8.8{\sim}21.2{\times}6.5{\sim}13.1\;{\mu}m$. Hyaline or pigmented conidiophores were tall, slender and determinated and, sometimes branched irregularly in upper part. Enlarged or rounded apical cells bear conidial cluster and sized $18.4{\sim}81.1{\times}4.3{\sim}11.4\;{\mu}m$. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was recorded at $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. This is the first report on gray mold of melon caused by Botrytis cineria in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2009

As a substitute for CCA, which is inhibited due to its environmental pollution and human harmfulness, and CuAz and ACQ with a high cost, okara-based wood preservatives were formulated with okara hydrolyzates using copper sulfate and/or borax as a metal salt. The efficacy of the preservatives and X-ray microanalysis of wood specimens treated with the preservatives were examined to confirm the potential of the okara-based wood preservatives. Most of the preservatives showed excellent decay resistance against brown-rot fungi, Postia placenta and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The efficacy was improved when the acid concentration and temperature used for the hydrolysis of okara increased. In addition, when borax was added into copper sulfate/okara hydrolyzates preservative formulations, any decay was not found in the specimens. From the microscopic observation of the specimens treated with okara-based wood preservatives, it seems that okara is contributed to the fixing of metal salts in wood blocks. Therefore, it is speculated that okara-based wood preservatives can effectively protect wood against fungal attack as CuAz, and that the preservatives are sufficient to use as an alternative wood preservative of CCA, ACQ and CuAz.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 1987

Colletotrichum acutatum, C. coccodes, C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides were detected in seed samples of red pepper (Capsicum annuum). C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides were the predominant species, maximum seed infection of the species in some samples were 84% and 28%, respectively. C. acutatum and C. coccodes were recorded only in low percentages of 1-2. The blotter method proved more suitable for detecting Colletotricum spp. than the deep freezing blotter or agar plate methods. Plating of seed components showed that C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides were recovered more frequently from seed coat, and decreasing amounts of infection were observed in the endosperm and cotyledon. Seed-borne C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides caused seed rot, damping-off, seedling blight and brown discoloration of cotyledon and hypocotyl when infected seeds were sown in agar of test tube or in soil. Inoculation experiments showed that C. acutatum was pathogenic to red fruit of red pepper and C. coccodes was highly pathogenic to red fruit and weakly pathogenic to leaf of the plant. C. dematium was highly pathogenic to leaf and green fruit and C. gloeosporioides was pathogenic to not only leaf but also green and red fruits. Host range of the four seed-borne species of Colletotrichum was also investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 2016

Symptoms of summer patch were observed on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cv. "Midnight II" from mid-June in 2015 in Seoul, Korea. The symptoms appeared as leaf blight, root rot, and frog-eye patch, which are typical of summer patch. To identify the causal agent of these symptoms, a pathogen was isolated from diseased leaves and roots, and the cultural, morphological, and phylogenetic characteristics were analyzed. The isolate reached 50-60 mm on potato dextrose agar (PDA) after 10 days as a white-grey mycelium with septa, and became olive-green or brown from the center. Phialide-like structures were observed at the ends of hyphae, and conidia were rarely observed. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on large subunit (LSU) and RNA polymerase II large subunit (RPB1) sequences. According to this analysis, the isolated pathogen was confirmed to be Magnaporthiopsis poae. In a pathogenicity test, summer patch symptoms were observed at 20 days after inoculation using the same grass cultivar. This is the first report of summer patch disease caused by M. poae on cool season grass in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.483-488
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• 2009

The main objective of this breeding program is to develop high yielding, disease resistance and good processing potato cultivar. 'Gui Valley' is a clonal selection resulting from a cross between 'ND2471-8' and 'Cona'. It has medium plant height and light green foliage. 'Gui Valley' has medium flowering habit and light pink flowers. 'Gui Valley' is a medium maturing potato cultivar and tubers are smooth, yellow skin, light yellow flesh, long-oval tuber shape, distinct red eyes with medium depth and medium dormancy. It has high level of tuber uniformity and good keeping quality. 'Gui Valley' demonstrates resistance to potato virus Y (PVY), soft rot, but moderately susceptible to late blight and common scab. It is also resistant to most of the internal and external physiological disorders particularly dehiscence, hollow heart and internal brown spot. The specific gravity of 'Gui Valley' is significantly higher (1.097) than that of 'Shepody' (1.078). 'Gui Valley' has suitable for processing mainly French fries and chips. This cultivar has high level of tuber uniformity and capable of yielding 37.6 $t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, which is 18.2% higher than the control potato cultivar 'Shepody' under optimum agronomical practices.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2007

The biodeterioration behaviors of wooden parts in the Janggeongpanjeon built in 15 century were investigated according to the types of wood species, positions and parts of wooden column, and environmental conditions. It was found that a high differences of deterioration in the progressing levels of wood decay, according to the types of wood species, positions and parts of wooden column, and environmental conditions. The decay levels were high in the contacted areas with stone foundation which are about up to 8~40 cm above it, although it was shown the many of wooden parts of the round columns are still good condition. In the case of decay type, it was shown the brown-rot in many of the columns at outside of building which made of hardwoods. The decay in position of the columns was most serious in the directions of east-north, west-north and north. It was also indicated that the durability of Zelkova serrata was higher than other wood species of the round columns, while it was in inferior anti-insects.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.576-582
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• 2013

To obtain the basic information on wood preservative process using copper, the penetration ACQ-2 preservative agent into Douglas fir wood and its degradational characteristics were investigated. Douglas fir is known to be difficult for preservative agent injection. To find the hindrance factor of the preservatives movement, the ray height, ray density, and length of tracheid were measured and observed by a stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results were compared in the well-penetrated parts of preservatives and insufficient parts. There were no significant differences in height, length, and density between both parts, except for the pits of the wood elements observed in SEM micrograph. More declosed pits were found in the well-penetrated parts of preservatives. Decay characteristics of wood specimen treated with various ACQ concentrations by brown-rot fungi was observed by an optical microscope. The decayed properties of tracheid, rays, and resin canals was found in the non-treated wood specimens and it was also found that some extent of preservatives concentration is necessary to protect the decay.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2017

A new peanut variety 'Daan'(Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Milyang 2014. This was developed from the cross between 'Iksan 31' with Virginia typed short stem and 'Dakwang' with Shinpung-typed larger grain. 'Daan' which is a Shinpung plant type had 13 branches per plant and its length of main stem was 44cm. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and long ellipse-shaped large kernel. Its yield components showed 34 pods per plant, 127 g of 100-seed-weight and 75% of pod shelling ratio in the regional yield trials (RYT). Seed quality showed 47.8% of crude oil and 28.3% of protein content. This variety showed resistant to early leaf spot and had more resistant to late leaf spot, stem rot and lodging, compared to reference variety. In the regional yield trials for 3 years 'Daan' was more productive than reference variety by 16% with 5.00 MT/ha for grain production.