• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.405-413
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• 1997

In the present paper, it is attempted to reconfirm the "Intelligent" material properties using both the sintered TiNi/Al(1100) matrix composite made by powder metallurgy method and the squeeze-casted TiNi/Al6061 specimens. A metal matrix composite is, its fault has been considered to deteriorate a strength of composite by heating residual stress of the matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to remove a tensile residual stress, to produce the strength of a composite better. On the contrary, if compressive residual stress happens in matrix of composite in place of tensile residual stress, it will make the strength of composite better. So that, this paper introduce the development of a high strength of composite, by using compressive residual stress well, on the study. By using these specimens, shape memory strengthening effects in tensile strength and fatigue crack propagation above inverse transformation temperature of TiNi fiber were investigated. We occurs the prestrain and volume fraction for to discuss the effects of a composite strength. Moreover, by SEM observation, the effect of the residual stress at the interface between Al matrix and TiNi fiber and some brittle precipitation layers such as inter metallic compounds on fracture mechanisms was discussed metallurgically.urgically.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.867-876
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• 1987

본 연구에서는 보통강재인 SS 41 강을 열처리하여 얻은 M.E.F.복합조직강의 모상입경변화와 3.5% NaCl수용액의 pH변화 조건하에서 반복굽힘피로실험을 하여 부식 피로파괴에 미치는 영향에 대해 고찰하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2013

Single crystal sapphire being used in high technology industry is a brittle material with a high hardness and excellent physical properties. ELID(Electrolytic In-Process Dressing) grinding technology was applied to material removal machining process of single crystal sapphire wafer. Ultrasonic vibration which added to material using ultrasonic table was adopted to efficient ELID grinding of sapphire materials. The evaluation of the ground surface of single crystal sapphire wafer was carried out by means of surface measuring by using AFM(Atomic Force Microscope), surface roughness tester and optical microscope device. As the results of experiment, it was shown that more efficient grinding was conducted when using ultrasonic table. In case of using #170 grinding wheel, surface roughness of ELID ground specimen in using ultrasonic table was superior to ELID ground specimen without ultrasonic table. However, In case of using #2000 grinding wheel, surface roughness of ELID ground specimen in using ultrasonic table was inferior to ELID ground specimen without ultrasonic table.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1091-1097
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• 2015

흑연은 우수한 열특성을 지니기 때문에 로켓 노즐목 재료로 많이 이용된다. 하지만 흑연은 소성영역을 동반하지 않으며 파괴되는 준취성 특성을 보이므로 일반구조재료와 비교해 보았을 때, 강도 관점에서 상대적으로 취약하며, $450^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 산화가 발생한다. 따라서 흑연 재료의 실구조체 적용을 위하여 이 재료에 대한 기계적 열적 특성 평가가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 ATJ 계열 흑연의 고온파단특성에 대한 실험적인 연구를 수행하였다. 특히, 온도와 하중, 그리고 산화조건을 변수로 두어 강도 및 파단특성에 대한 상관관계를 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 ASTM 규정을 준수하여 상온, 500, $1,000^{\circ}C$에서 일축 압축 및 인장시험을 수행하였으며, 파단면은 SEM 촬영을 통하여 분석하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2019

The biaxial failure mechanism of transversally bedding concrete layers was numerically simulated using a sophisticated two-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) implemented in the particle flow code (PFC2D). This numerical modelling code was first calibrated by uniaxial compression and Brazilian testing results to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical model's response. Secondly, 21 rectangular models with dimension of $54mm{\times}108mm$ were built. Each model contains two transversely bedding layers. The first bedding layer has low mechanical properties, less than mechanical properties of intact material, and second bedding layer has high mechanical properties, more than mechanical properties of intact material. The angle of first bedding layer, with weak mechanical properties, related to loading direction was $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ while the angle of second layer, with high mechanical properties, related to loading direction was $90^{\circ}$, $105^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$, $150^{\circ}$, $160^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. Is to be note that the angle between bedding layer was $90^{\circ}$ in all bedding configurations. Also, three different pairs of the thickness were chosen in models, i.e., 5 mm/10 mm, 10 mm/10 mm and 20 mm/10 mm. The result shows that in all configurations, shear cracks develop between the weaker bedding layers. Shear cracks angel related to normal load change from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ with increment of $15^{\circ}$. Numbers of shear cracks are constant by increasing the bedding thickness. It's to be noted that in some configuration, tensile cracks develop through the intact area of material model. There is not any failure in direction of bedding plane interface with higher strength.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권9호
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• pp.573-579
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• 2009

Titanium/aluminum/stainless steel(Ti/Al/STS) clad materials have received much attention due to their high specific strength and corrosion-resisting properties. However, it is difficult to fabricate these materials, because titanium oxide is easily formed on the titanium surface during heat treatment. The aim of the present study is to derive optimized cladding conditions and thereupon obtain the stable quality of Ti/Al/STS clad materials. Ti sheets were prepared with and without pre-heat treatment and Ti/Al/STS clad materials were then fabricated by cold rolling and a post-heat treatment process. Microstructure of the Ti/Al and STS/Al interfaces was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and an Energy Dispersed X-ray Analyser(EDX) in order to investigate the effects of Ti pre-heat treatment on the bond properties of Ti/Al/STS clad materials. Diffusion bonding was observed at both the Ti/Al and STS/Al interfaces. The bonding force of the clad material with non-heat treated Ti was higher than that with pre-heat treated Ti before the cladding process. The bonding force decreased rapidly beyond $400^{\circ}C$, because the formed Ti oxide inhibited the joining process between Ti and Al. Bonding forces of STS/Al were lower than those of Ti/Al, because brittle $Fe_3Al$, $Al_3Fe$ intermetallic compounds were formed at the interface of STS/Al during the cladding process. In addition, delamination of the clad material with pre-heat treated Ti was observed at the Ti/Al interface after a cupping test.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.212-228
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• 2013

파손된 석조문화재를 재사용하기 위한 방법으로 금속보강재를 사용하게 되는데 현재까지 보강재에 대한 보존처리 지침 없이 처리자의 경험에 의해서 이루어지다 보니 여러 가지 문제점이 도출되고 있다. 따라서 2차적인 원부재의 훼손을 최소화하기 위한 금속봉의 구조적 보강방법과 거동 특성 등을 제안된 실험체를 통해 검증 받아 금속보강재 매입방법에 관한 설계기준을 마련하고자 하였다. 절단면에 에폭시수지 접합만 할 경우 원 모재 물성의 70% 정도밖에 회복되지 않아 30%에 대한 금속보강재의 구조적 보강이 필요하다. 금속봉은 석재 취성파괴 후 구조적 거동을 받는데 금속보강재비가 0.251% 이하로 설계되면 구조적 거동은 발생하지 않으며, 0.5% 이상이면 구조적 보강은 이루어지나 모재의 2차 훼손을 유발시킨다. 따라서 $1,500kgf/cm^2$ 강도를 갖는 석재의 적정 금속보강재비는 접착단면적의 0.283~0.377% 정도로 설계되어야 가역성 있는 파손과 보강재의 연성거동이 이루어진다. 또한 휨 하중에 대응되는 금속봉의 최대 응력을 기대하기 위해서는 보강재 간격을 멀리하는 것보다 가깝게 유지하는 것이 효율적이며, 특히 상부에 보강재를 매입하는 것은 구조적으로 아무런 도움이 되지 못하고 오히려 원부재의 손상만 유발한다. 따라서 보강재는 하부에 집중배치하고 일부 중앙부에 매입하여야 안정적인 인장재 역할을 하면서 하중응력을 받는다. 금속봉의 분산효과는 보강봉의 면적에 영향을 받을 뿐 지름과는 무관하였다. 하지만 큰 규모를 대상으로 할 때는 접착 단면을 고려하여 보강재 개수를 늘려주는 것이 하중응력에 안정적이다. 이때 적용되는 정착길이는 보강재의 직경에 따라 다음과 같은 식($l_d=a_tf_y/u{\Sigma}_0$)에 의거하여 설계한다. 또한 구조재로서 거동을 하기 위해서는 반드시 마디가 있는 전산형 보강봉을 사용하여야 한다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2006

In this paper, we investigated the effects of short-term oxygen plasma treatment of semiconducting silicone layer to improve interfacial performances in joints prepared with a insulating silicone materials. Surface characterizations were assessed using contact angle measurement and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and then adhesion level and electrical performance were evaluated through T-peel tests and electrical breakdown voltage tests of treated semi-conductive and insulating joints. Plasma exposure mainly increased the polar component of surface energy from $0.21\;dyne/cm^2$ to $47\;dyne/cm^2$ with increasing plasma treatment time and then leveled off. Based on XPS analysis, the surface modification can be mainly ascribed to the creation of chemically active functional groups such as C-O, C=O and COH on semi-conductive silicone surface. This oxidized rubber layer is inorganic silica-like structure of Si bound with three to four oxygen atoms ($SiO_x,\;x=3{\sim}4$). The oxygen plasma treatment produces an increase in joint strength that is maximum for 10 min treatment. However, due to brittle property of this oxidized layer, the highly oxidized layer from too much extended treatment could be act as a weak point, decreasing the adhesion strength. In addition, electrical breakdown level of joints with adequate plasma treatment was increased by about $10\;\%$ with model samples of joints prepared with a semi-conducting/ insulating silicone polymer after applied to interface.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of bonding temperature and holding time on microstructure and mechanical properties in brazing joints of Ni-base superalloy using MBF-30 (Ni-4.5Si-3.2B [wt.%]). The heating rate was $20^{\circ}C$/min to the bonding temperatures $1050^{\circ}C$, $1070^{\circ}C$, $1090^{\circ}C$ under high vacuum condition. The holding times were 100s, 400s, 900s and 1600s. $Ni_3B$ phases and proeutectic Ni were observed in the interlayer of Ni-201. Then, Ni3B and Ni3Si were found in the middle region of brazing joint. Cr-boride phase appeared in the interlayer of Inconel-625. Tensile strength and elongation were decreased at $1050^{\circ}C$-1600s, $1070^{\circ}C$-900s and $1090^{\circ}C$-400s. After observation the fracture specimens, There was Ni3B which is very brittle phase in the grain boundary of Ni201.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1507-1519
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• 1997

This paper aims to clarify the effects of grinding conditions on bending strength in surface grinding of various ferrites with the resin bond diamond wheel. The main conclusions obtained were as follows. At a constant material removal rate, the strength improves with increased wheel depth of cut and decreased workpiece speed. It is desirable to grind at higher peripheral wheel speed and under the critical workpiece speed presented in this paper. Grinding the ferrite of higher brittleness, the wheel depth of cut limited to hold 50% of their inherent strength becomes lower. The effect of various grinding conditions on bending strength becomes more larger in the order of Sr, Mn-Zn and Cu-Ni-Zn. When using the diamond grain of the lower toughness, the bending strength becomes higher, and the wheel wear occurs faster. Considering both bending strength and wheel wear rate, the best concentration of wheel is 100. The ground surfaces exhibit that the fracture process during grinding becomes more brittle in the order of Sr, Mn-Zn and Cu-Ni-Zn.