• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.485-491
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• 1986

Gulbi were made by salting fresh Yellow corvenia (Pseudosciaena manchurica) in three ways; the dry salting method with bay-salt, the dry salting method with purified salt or the abdominal brine injection method with purified salt. Half of the sample was dried by controlling temperature and relative humidity and the other part was dried under the natural condition. The moisture content of the samples were decreased more rapidly by the controlled system than by the natural condition. The lipid content and the iodine values of the muscle and skin of the Gulbi were decreased slowly with laps of drying period. The peroxide values of the sample were increased to its peak after 10 days of drying, and were decreased rapidly thereafter. Both acid values and the thiobarbituric acid values were increased. The deterioration of lipids during Gulbi processing was not notable depending on the salting method, but the natural drying condition affected more severely in their deterioration.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.283-287
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• 1999

This study was carried out to select the most suitable soybean cultivars for the quality kanjang preparation. Six cultivars of soybean, Taekwangkong, Kumjungkong #1, Sinpaldalkong #2, Hwangkeumkong, Danbaegkong and Danyeobkong, were used as the raw materials for kanjang preparations. Grain type meju was prepared by the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis var. globigii seed culture on the cooked soybean of respective cultivar and cultivation at $30^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Two month matured respective kanjang mash, which was prepared by mixing meju and 20% salt brine in the ratio of 1 : 3, was separated and the liquid portions were used as kanjang samples for this work. The highest crude protein content of 47.5% was obtained from Danbaegkong cultivar among six soybean cultivars tested. High sugar soybean cultivars were found to be Kumjungkong l and Danbaegkong and the content 15.87% and 13.33% respectively. The highest total nitrogen(TN) content of 1.18% was shown from Danbaegkong kanjang. Although the major free organic acid in kanjang was found to be succinic acid, no significant differences in free organic acid and sugars content were observed among cultivars. The highest free total amino acids(TA) and glutamic acid(GA) content in kanjang was observed to be 3365 mg% and 734.44 mg% respectively from Danbaegkong kanjang. Danbaegkong cultivar soybean which was shown to contain the highest crude protein was found to be the most suitable one for the preparation of quality kanjang with high TN, GA content and GA/TA ratio.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 1981

Discoloration of canned boiled oysters during storage is one of the serious problems which affect the quality of the products as well as the nutritive value. Usually the factors influencing the quality of canned boiled oysters are the process of pretreatments and the storage temperature of the products. In the present work, the changes of the total chlorophylls and carotenoids in the meat and the viscera of oysters were determined in order to make certain the procedure of the discoloration. In addition, the amino-N and the available lysine as factors of the nutritive value were also checked. In case of treatment with additives, direct addition of syrups containing additives just before seaming or soaking boiled oysters into the solution of additives seemed to have mild effects on retardation of discoloration. The migration of carotenoids from the viscera into the meat was faster than that of chlorophyll resulting in yellowing of the Products preceded greening caused by the chlorophylls. Treatment with $0.5\%\; Na_{2}EDTA\;of\;2.5\%$ brine retarded discoloration and available lysine loss of the Products while sodium-polyphosphate accelerated them. It was probably due to that sodium-polyphosphate could affect the softening or breakdown of the muscle of oysters. But most of all, storage temperature of canned boiled oysters seemed to be the major factor influencing the discoloration and nutritive loss of the products.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2007

Intestinal helminths and schistosomiasis among school children were investigated in an urban and some rural communities of Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Fecal samples of 1,059 subjects (524 males, 535 females) aged 3-18 years were examined using direct smear and brine concentration methods between June 2005 and November 2006. The pooled prevalence of infection was 66.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides showed the highest prevalence (53.4%) (P < 0.001) followed by hookworms (17.8%), Trichuris trichiura (10.4%), Taenia sp. (9.6%), Schistosoma mansoni (2.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.7%), Schistosoma haematobium (0.6%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). The prevalences of A. lumbricoides, hookworms, Taenia sp., S. mansoni, and S. stercoralis in the urban centre were similar (P > 0.05) to those in the rural communities. The fertile and infertile egg ratios of A. lumbricoides in the urban centre and the rural communities were 13: 1 and 3.7: 1, respectively. Each helminth had similar prevalences among both genders (P > 0.05). The prevalence of A. lumbricoides increased significantly with age (P < 0.001). The commonest double infections were Ascaris and hookworms, while the commonest triple infections were Ascaris, hookworms, and Trichuris. The study demonstrates the need for urgent intervention programmes against intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis in the study area.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 1979

In order to evaluate the present status of hook-worm infection in the rural areas in Korea, stool examinations were undertaken in several selected rural villages in each year of 1970 and 1977. The methods employed were cellophane thick smear technique and brine floatation technique in 3,454 specimens collected from 7 different rural villages for the prevalence rate of hookworm infection and Stoll's dilution egg counting technique for the intensity of hookworm infection. The incidences of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections were determind by polyethylene tube coproculture and by the evacuated adult worms after treatment with anthelmintics to the patients who were infected by hookworms. The results are as follows : 1) In 1970, 323(18.6%) out of 1,737 specimens collected from 4 different rural areas were positive for hook worm infection and the ranges of prevalence rates in those suveyed areas were shown as 6.9 to 38.2 per cent. On the other hand, 144(8.2%) out of 1,717 specimens collected from 3 different rural areas in 1977 were shown as positive for hookworm infection and 7.5 to 10.6 per cent of prvalence rates were shown in the surveyed areas. 2) In the age group under 10 years, there was no infection of hookworm in the studied areas in 1977, however in 1970 the prevalence of the hookworm infection was shown as very low in the age group of 5~9. On the whole, the hookworm prevalence steadily increased from the age of 15 in the studied areas in 1970, however in 1977 the prevalence increased from the age of 20 to the older age groups. 3) There was not observed much differences in the intensity of hookworm infection among the studied areas in 1970 and 1977. The mean EPG in each studied areas were shown under 1,000 EPG and mean numbers of evacuated worms per infected persons were counted as 9.4 to 15. 1. 4) Both A.duodenale and N.americanus have been found in all studied areas but the incidences and st-ate of distribution of two species of hookworn were shown as different in each localities.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.117-122
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• 2006

In the geophysical monitoring to understand the change of subsurface material properties with time, the time-invariant static subsurface model is commonly adopted to reconstruct a time-lapse image. This assumption of static model, however, can be invalid particularly when fluid migrates very quickly in highly permeable medium in the brine injection experiment. In such case, the resultant subsurface images may be severely distorted. In order to alleviate this problem, we develop a new least-squares inversion algorithm under the assumption that the subsurface model will change continuously in time. Instead of sampling a time-space model into numerous space models with a regular time interval, a few reference models in space domain at different times pre-selected are used to describe the subsurface structure continuously changing in time; the material property at a certain space coordinate are assumed to change linearly in time. Consequently, finding a space-time model can be simplified into obtaining several reference space models. In order to stabilize iterative inversion and to calculate meaningful subsurface images varying with time, the regularization along time axis is introduced assuming that the subsurface model will not change significantly during the data acquisition. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by the numerical experiments using the synthetic data of crosshole dc resistivity tomography.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 1997

The coal formation of the Deokpyeong area are interbedded along metapelites of the Ogcheon Supergroup, which are composed mainly of graphite, quartz, muscovite and associated with small amounts of biotite, chlorite, pyrite and barite. The ratios of $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$, $Al_2O_3/Na_2O$ and $K_2O/Na_2O$ of the coaly metapelite are variable and wide range from 1.80 to 10.21, from 27.8 to 388.8 and from 7.6 to 61.8, respectively. These coal formation were deposited in basin of marine environments, and the REE of these rocks are not influenced with metamorphism and hydrothermal alterations on the basis of $Al_2O_3$ versus La, La against Ce, the ratios of La/Ce (0.19 to 0.99) and Th/U (0.02 to 4.75). These rocks also show much variation in $La_N/Yb_N$ (1.19 to 22.89), Th/Yb (0.14 to 21.43) and La/Th (0.44 to 13.67), and their origin is explained by derivation from a mixture of sedimentary and igneous rocks. The wide range in trace and REE element characteristics as Co/Th (0.12 to 2.78), La/Sc (0.33 to 10.18), Sc/Th (0.57 to 5.73), V/Ni (8 to 2347), Cr/V (0.02 to 0.67) and Ni/Co (1.56 to 32.95) of these coaly metapelites argues for inefficient mixing of the various source lithologies during sedimentation. Deep to pale green barium-vanadium muscovites (vanadium-oellacherite) have been found in this coal formations. Modes of occurrence and grain size of muscovite are heterogeneous, but most of the barium and vanadium-bearing muscovites occur along the boundaries between graphite and quartz grains, ranging from 200 to $350{\mu}m$ in length and from 40 to $60{\mu}m$ in width. Results of X-ray diffraction data of the minerals characterized to be monoclinic system with $a=5.249{\AA}$, $b=8.939{\AA}$, $c=20.924{\AA}$ and ${\beta}=95.894^{\circ}$. Representative chemical formula of the muscovite was $(Na_{0.09}K_{1.44}Ba_{0.46})(Al_{2.75}Ti_{0.07}V_{0.56}Fe_{0.08}Mg_{0.50})(Si_{6.12}Al_{1.88})O_{22}$. The V possibly substitute octahedral Al, and the Ba is coupled substitution of $K^+Si^{4+}=Ba^{2+}Na^+Ca^{2+}$, which compositional ranges of V and Ba are from 0.42 to 0.69 and from 0.34 to 0.56 based on $O_{22}$, respectively. Formation mechanism of the barium-vanadium muscovites in the coaly metapelite is shown that the formed by high pressure and temperature from regional metamorphism origanated during diagenesis at the interface between a basinal brine and organic matter.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) that causes severe mortality during seed production of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) is known to be vertically transmitted from infected spawners. This study was conducted to produce NNV free seeds by testing spawners for NNV infection and using virus free eggs for seed production. RT-PCR analysis of 40 spawners showed 18 positives and 22 negatives. NNV was not detected from eggs obtained from the negative spawners but was detected from those obtained from the positives. NNV was not detected from culturing seawater in tanks and Chlorella spp., Brachionus plicatilis., and Brine shrimp those were provided as live feed. The survival rates of fry from NNV positive and negative spawners were 80% and 85%, respectively by two weeks after hatching. The mortality increased from 25days after hatching and the final survival rate of seeds from NNV positive and negative spawners were 0% and 18.3%, respectively on 41 days after hatching. These results suggested that virus free red drum seeds can be obtained by using virus-free spawners.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 1995

This study is a result of the experiments to determine the optimum conditions of salting of Chinese cabbages for making tasty Kimchi. For the experiments, various methods of salting of Baechu were set up and the best method of salting had prepared Kimchi to investigated the best salt kind. In the two best results by method of salting salt kind, were investigated for salting time of Kimchi. There were certain amounts of Kimchi had prepared for each case of the combinations of the three conditions. Every case of Kimchi was refrigerated and was evaluated by sensory tests. In the salt concentration, pH and acidity of the Kimchi were measured. The results are as follows; In three cases of Kimchi, for salt concentration, level of 2.4-3.0$^{\circ}$ was maintained in Kimchi solid from the beginning to the end, while it was high in the beginning and gradually lowered in Kimchi liquid. The level of pH in both solid and liquid of Kimchi quickly dropped at the beginning of fermentation period and turned slow as time passed. And the level of acidity was increased little bit in the beginning, but it suddenly multipied until the third day of preservation. Since then, it had increased gradually thereafter as it was before. This experiments show that Kimchi can be the best taste in the case of Chinese cabbage soak in brine- free natural salt are kept for five hours.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.578-584
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• 1997

Fermentation temperature and salt concentration of Dongchimi were studied for the development of low salt Dongchimi juice. The juice was prepared by soaking the radish in brine solution of 0.3∼3.0% and fermented at the temperature range of 10∼30$^{\circ}C$. The fermentation proceeded faster at higher temperature. However, the salt concentration effect was dependent on the temperature. Fermentation in 3.0% NaCl solution resulted the fastest reach to pH 3.8 followed by 0.5% NaCl at 10 and 20$^{\circ}C$, while higher NaCl concentration caused a decrease in the fermentation rate at 30$^{\circ}C$. Comparison of flavor of the juice of pH 3.9 showed that fresh sourness was high in the juice prepared at 20$^{\circ}C$ and in 0.5% NaCl. The preference test also showed the juice of pH 3.8∼4.0 fermented in 0.5% NaCl at 20$^{\circ}C$ to be the most preferable one. The salt concentration lower than 0.5% at 20$^{\circ}C$ resulted in faster fermentation and high values in turbidity. However 0.5% NaCl was scored high in flavor acceptability.