• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2008

Purpose: In order to enhance the efficiency of respiratory gated 4-dimensional radiation therapy for more regular and stable respiratory period and amplitude, a respiration training system was designed, and its efficacy was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The experiment was designed to measure the difference in respiration regularity following the use of a training system. A total of 11 subjects (9 volunteers and 2 patients) were included in the experiments. Three different breathing signals, including free breathing (free-breathing), guided breathing that followed training software (guided-breathing), and free breathing after the guided-breathing (post guided-breathing), were consecutively recorded in each subject. The peak-to-peak (PTP) period of the breathing signal, standard deviation (SD), peak-amplitude and its SD, area of the one cycle of the breathing wave form, and its root mean square (RMS) were measured and computed. Results: The temporal regularity was significantly improved in guided-breathing since the SD of breathing period reduced (free-breathing 0.568 vs guided-breathing 0.344, p=0.0013). The SD of the breathing period representing the post guided-breathing was also reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant (free-breathing 0.568 vs. guided-breathing 0.512, p=ns). Also the SD of measured amplitude was reduced in guided-breathing (free-breathing 1.317 vs. guided-breathing 1.068, p=0.187), although not significant. This indicated that the tidal volume for each breath was kept more even in guided-breathing compared to free-breathing. There was no change in breathing pattern between free-breathing and guided-breathing. The average area of breathing wave form and its RMS in postguided-breathing, however, was reduced by 7% and 5.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The guided-breathing was more stable and regular than the other forms of breathing data. Therefore, the developed respiratory training system was effective in improving the temporal regularity and maintaining a more even tidal volume.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.78-87
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• 2015

An actor should be well-trained at the natural breathing and phonation in order for a good diction. This thesis is focused on the breathing training method at the pre-phonation stage. The past research on the breathing and phonation training was generally for vocal music, yoga, or those which were approached by the medical view point, whereas there are not so many researches which are approached for an acting training even though it is quite important for actors. In addition, such researches have been given an overview of breathing, phonation and diction. Therefore, this thesis which is focused on the breathing training at the pre-phonation stage suggests the natural breathing training method through the imagination and image in the various situations which could exist in the drama.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2023

Objective : To investigate the effects of thorax mobility exercises on thorax mobility, breathing pattern, and respiratory capacity in subjects with restricted thorax mobility. Methods : Thirteen subjects with restricted thorax mobility participated in this study. Measurement of thorax circumference using a tape measure (difference between inhalation and exhalation), breathing pattern (distance of rib cage elevation during breathing), and respiratory capacity was performed. Paired t-test was used to compare the thorax mobility, breathing pattern, and respiratory capacity between before and after thorax mobility excercise. Statiscal significance was set at .05. Results : There were significant differences in thorax mobility and breathing pattern, but no significant difference in respiratory capacity (p < .05). Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, thorax mobility exercise using the rib mobilization technique is considered to be a method that can improve thorax mobility and normalize abnormal breathing patterns that cause rib cage elevation.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop the respiratory training system using individual characteristic guiding waveform to reduce the impact of respiratory motion that causes artifact in radiotherapy. In order to evaluate the improvement of respiratory regularity, 5 volunteers were included and their respiratory signals were acquired using the in-house developed belt-type sensor. Respiratory training system needs 10 free breathing cycles of each volunteer to make individual characteristic guiding waveform based on Fourier series and it guides patient's next breathing. For each volunteer, free breathing and guided breathing which uses individual characteristic guiding waveform were performed to acquire the respiratory cycles for 3 min. The root mean square error (RMSE) was computed to analyze improvement of respiratory regularity in period and displacement. It was found that respiratory regularity was improved by using respiratory training system. RMSE of guided breathing decreased up to 40% in displacement and 76% in period compared with free breathing. In conclusion, since the guiding waveform was easy to follow for the volunteers, the respiratory regularity was significantly improved by using in-house developed respiratory training system. So it would be helpful to improve accuracy and efficiency during 4D-RT, 4D-CT.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2019

The most common cause of mouth breathing is obstacles caused by mechanical factors in upper airway. Mouth breathing could be consequently pathological cause of sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep-disordered breathing in children can cause growth disorders and behavioral disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between upper airway and sleep-disordered breathing in children with mouth breathing. Twenty boys between 7 - 9 years old who reported to have mouth breathing in questionnaire were evaluated with clinical examination, questionnaires, lateral cephalometric radiographs, and portable sleep testing. This study assessed apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) for the evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing and was done to investigate the correlation between these values and the upper airway width measured by lateral cephalometric radiographs. There was no significant correlation with the size of the tonsils (p = 0.921), but the adenoid hypertrophy was higher in the abnormal group than in the normal group (p = 0.008). In the classification according to AHI and ODI, retropalatal and retroglossal distance showed a statistically significant decrease in the abnormal group compared to the normal group (p = 0.002, p = 0.001). As AHI and ODI increased, upper airway width tended to be narrower. This indicates that mouth breathing could affect the upper airway, which is related to sleep quality.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2013

We evaluated the effect of two kinds of breathing biofeedback technique such as audio-instruction and audio-visual biofeedback on breathing reproducibility and the CTV coverage during repeated treatment regimes in respiration-gated radiotherapy. In this study, the breathing data of nineteen lung cancer patients acquired from Medical College of Virginia (MCV) during five weeks were used. The dose evaluation algorithm was programmed in MATLAB. In the result, the CTV coverage was decreased as 30.0% due to the breathing irreproducibility for free-breathing. For audio-visual biofeedback, the CTV coverage was improved as 20.0% because patients can learn how control their breathing stably. And the audio-instruction was effective to preserve the breathing reproducibility.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.329-337
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• 1997

Background : Since endotracheal tube is the most important factor involved in the imposed work of breathing during mechanical ventilation, extubation of endotracheal tube is supposed to reduce respiratory work of patient. However, some patients show labored breathing after extubation despite acceptable blood gases. We investigated the changes of work of breathing before and after extubation and the factors involved in the change of WOB after extubation. Methods : The subjects were 34 patients(M : F = 20 : 14, mean age = $61{\pm}17yre$) who recovered from respiratory failure after ventilatory support and were considered to be ready for extubation. The patients with clinical or radiologic evidences of upper airway obstruction before endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation were excluded. Vital sign, physical examination, chest X-ray, work of breathing and other respiratory mechanic indices were measured prior to, immediately, 6, 24 and 48 hours after extubation serially. Definition of weaning failure after extubation was resumption of ventilatory support or reintubation of endotracheal tube within 48 hour after extubation because of respiratory failure. The patients were classified into group 1(decreased work of breathing), group 2(unchanged work of breathing) and group 3(increased work of breathing) depending on the statistical difference in the change of work of breathing before and after extubation. Results : Work of breathing decreased in 33%(11/34, group 1), unchanged in 41%(14/34, group 2) and increased in 26%(9/34, group 3) of patients after extubation compared with before extubation. Weaning failure occurred 9%(1/11) of group, 1, 28.6%(4/14) of group 2 and 44%(4/9) of group 3 after extubation(p = 0.07). The change of work of breathing after extubation was positively correlated with change of mean airway resistance(mRaw). (r = 0.794, p > 0.01). In three cases of group 3 whose respiratory indices could be measured until 48 hr after extubation, the change in work of breathing paralleled with the sequential change of mRaw. The work of breathing was peaked at 6 hr after extubation, which showed a tendency to decrease thereafter. Conclusions : Reversible increase of work of breathing after extubation may occur in the patients who underwent extubation, and the increase in mRaw could be responsible for the increase in work of breathing. In addition, the risk of weaning failure after extubation may increase in the patients who have increased WOB immediately after extubation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.833-835
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• 2014

On this study, we have developed respiratory training system to improve stability of respiration, one of the most important factors of Respiratory Gated Radiation Therapy, RGRT. Respiratory training system that we developed was applied to personal respiratory cycle so that it could provide comfortable respiratory triggering to patients. To give sufficient time for practice, we used modular portable device to practice easily and to be undetered by time and place. We have intended to improve efficiency and accuracy by providing it to patients. We are now planning to conduct experiment of 10 peoples to find out stability, degree of durability betterment and regularity of respiration when patients are using respiratory training system. There are three kinds of breathing style. First is free breathing that Individual patients can breathe freely. Second is guide breathing that patients apply to personal respiration cycle through the guiding sight and hearing program. Third is prediction breathing that patients breathe after respiratory training without guiding sight and hearing program. By using these 3 data of respiration method, we have evaluated usability of respiratory training system by quantitatively analyzing respiration period, amplitude and area's variation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2020

To investigate the relationship between breathing pattern disorder and pain in patients with chronic low back pain(CLBP). One hundred four patients were measured the End-tidal CO₂(EtCO₂) and respiration rate(RR) using capnography. Also, The Breathing-hold time(BHT), Nijmegen Questionnaire(NQ), and Thoracic excursion examinated. There was a significant correlation between EtCO₂ and BHT, thoracic excursion(r=.302, r=.281)(p<.01), and a low negative correlation with RR, VAS(r=-.253, -200)(p<.05). There was a significant correlation between NQ and RR(r=.237)(p<.05). There was a low correlation between thoracic excursion and VAS(r=-.370)(p<.01). There was a significant difference in the EtCO₂, RR, BHT, thoracic excursion, and VAS between the thoracic and diaphragm breathing pattern(p<.05). There were no significant differences in the NQ(p>.05). There was a correlation between EtCO₂ and BHT, thoracic excursion, RR, VAS in patients with CLBP. In addition, There was a correlation between RR and NQ, thoracic excursion, and VAS. As a result, it was found that there is a close relationship between breathing pattern disorder and pain. There was a significant difference in the EtCO₂ level, RR, BHT, thoracic excursion and VAS value in the comparison of thoracic breathing pattern and diaphragm breathing pattern. This is a meaningful result of suggesting a breathing pattern treatment approach in the rehabilitation and pain management of chronic low back pain patients in clinical practice.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2022

Background: Studies on the effect of abdominal or thoracic breathing therapy on sleep or blood oxygen concentration are still scarce. Purpose: This study was to examine the effect on blood oxygen saturation and pulse variability, changes in the severity of insomnia, changes in wakefulness before sleep, and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes toward the Korean version of sleep in women in their 50s after healing with abdominal breathing and thoracic breathing. We investigated the effect. Methods: Subjects were investigated before and after the change of breathing (breathing) therapy for 12 weeks, 3 times a week, and 36 breaths perweek. Results: It wa evaluated respiratory healing as having no significance in the pulse rate change. However, oxygen saturation was significant in the experimental group, increasing to 93.60 SpO₂% before the respiratory rally and 96.5 SpO₂% after respiratory recovery (p < .002). In addition, the insomnia severity scale and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep significantly decreased after respiratory rally than before (p < .000). Conclusions: It evaluated that respiratory therapy for the subjects is beneficial to health as it is effective for insomnia, pulse, and oxygen saturation.