• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of several zinc solutions including Artemisia asiatica-containing zinc solution on concentration of oral volatile sulfur compounds(VSCs). We determined the VSCs concentration of breath of human subjects before and after use of zinc solutions(O.25% $ZnF_2$ Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ and Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ solutions) The results were as follows : 1. 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ solution was more effective than 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution in reducing the concentration of oral VSCs and the maintenance duration of effectiveness. 2. Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ solution was more effective than Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution in reducing the concentration of oral VSCs and the maintenance duration of effectiveness. 3. Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution and 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution showed no significant difference in reducing the concentration of oral VSCs and the maintenance duration of effectiveness but, Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution was slightly more effective. 4. Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ solution and 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ solution showed no significant difference in reducing the concentration of oral VSCs and the maintenance duration of effectiveness but, Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution was slightly more effective.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2011

There are many studies reporting the average carbon dioxide levels in various indoor spaces. However, there have been a few studies showing how carbon dioxide concentration varied at many measurement points in one indoor space. In this study, the changes of indoor carbon dioxide concentration at classroom, library, and kindergarten were reported to find its carbon dioxide distribution change at various locations and altitudes. The maximum carbon dioxide concentration of the 3 sites were measured as 2,684, 2,295, and 1,526 ppm, respectively. These values exceeded the guideline concentration of 1,000 ppm for public places. The concentration of carbon dioxide was higher at upper area than lower area, and this is probably due to the rise of warm breathing air generated from students. In the upper area, the carbon dioxide concentration was higher at center area than four corners. However, in the lower area, the carbon dioxide concentration was higher at four corners than center area. Therefore, it could be concluded that the center of upper area is the best place for the installation of ventilation or carbon dioxide removal system.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.74-94
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of education between CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction) and lectures for smoking cessation among male students who attended vocational high schools. Conducted from February 24th to April 26th, 2003, the study design was quasi-experimental with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were 60 male students in K vocational high school in Daegu city, who were present smokers and had more than 7.0 ppm concentration level of carbon monoxide. Thirty students were randomly chosen as the experimental group which applied CAI education method for smoking cessation. The other 30 students served as the control group which received lecture education method of 40 minutes on four consecutive days. CAI education for smoking cessation was composed of ready-made individual learning contents, counseling by using cyber-communication, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. Lecture education for smoking cessation was composed of a ready-prepared lecture for the group, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. To measure smoking related knowledge, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related knowledge scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.84)$ was modified and used by the researcher. To measure smoking related attitude, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related attitude scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.91)$ was modified and used by the researcher. Smoking related knowledge scale's Cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.83 in the pilot study and 0.93 in this study. Smoking related attitude scale's Cronbach's a was 0.80 in the pilot study and 0.98 in this study. To determine the smoking amount, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was checked. The concentration level of CO in the exhaled breath was measured (Micro CO Cat. No. MCO2, UK). Data was analyzed by $x^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. simple main effects, and time contrast test with SPSS/Win 11.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis. that 'Smoking-related knowledge score in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation', was not supported. 2. The second hypothesis, that 'Smoking-related attitude in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=6490.79. p=0.000). 3. The third hypothesis. that 'Smoking amount in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported. 1) The third-1st sub-hypothesis. that 'The number of cigarettes smoked per day in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=134.19. p=0.000). 2) The third-2nd sub-hypothesis. that 'The concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be lower than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation"' was supported(F=268.55. p=0.000). From the above results. CAI education can be an effective intervention to improve smoking-related knowledge and attitude. and to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath. Lecture education can be effective to improve smoking-related knowledge. In the future, when CAI education and lecture education for smoking cessation are applied on the school nursing field. the students can gain a comprehensive understanding of smoking cessation, changes in smoking-related knowledge. smoking-related attitude and reducing smoking amount. Furthermore, CAI education for smoking cessation could be developed as an individual self initiative program and could give a guideline to apply CAI education for smoking cessation in other field.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2014

Optimizing the performance of a composite sensor array is necessary when the number of sensors to choose from is large. In this paper, we present a chemical sensors array optimization method using Wilks Lamda algorithm applicable a device to detect low concentration of alcohol from driver's exhale breath for interlocking engine ignition preventing drink-driving. More than 20 chemical sensors fabricated different synthetic stuffs and heater temperatures by collaborators were nominated, 5 sensors were selected for optimal sensors array using the method, and alcohol samples were well discriminated from the interference gases inside the vehicle. It has been confirmed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.114-127
• /
• 2012

Recent technical advancement allows noninvasive measurement of blood glucose. In this literature, we reviewed various noninvasive techniques for measuring glucose concentration. Optical or electrical methods have been investigated. Optical techniques include near-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence technique, polarization, fluorescence, occlusion spectroscopy, and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Electrical methods include reverse iontophoresis, impedance spectroscopy, and electromagnetic sensing. Ultrasound, detection from breath, or fluid harvesting technique can be used to measure blood glucose level. Combination of various methods is also promising. Although there are many interesting and promising technologies and devices, there need further researches until a commercially available non-invasive glucometer is popular.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2000

In the study of psychosomatic disorders caused by Qi-experience, the results were as follows: 1. People are becoming more and more interested in qigong, but sometimes peple are suffer from side effects from Qi-experience. In oder to treat this side effects of qigong, it is important to control Qi unbalance. And this is associated with the mechanism of stress-reaction. 2. The causes of side-effects were tension of body and mind, concentration of head, enduring breath, and wrong qigong-method, etc. 3. The symptoms of side-effects were headache, flushing face, chest discomfort, neck stiffness, indigestion, etc. 4. The theraphy of side-effects is herb-medicine, acupuncture, moxibution, and more effective by application of psychotheraphy, relaxation-theraphy, music, aroma, taping.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1997 no.11
• /
• pp.91-94
• /
• 1997

In this paper, pseudo-random ternary sequence (PRTS) was used to investigate the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. The actual input or this study was the changes in inhaled oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. It is hard to randomly change the concentration within a given breath. Since PRTS has almost the same statistical properties as Gaussian white noise, plus it is physically realizable, PRTS is used for this study. Using PRTS and Volterra kernels by Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure, the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were analyzed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2005

Machining is a one of the broadly used manufacturing process to produce the parts, products and various molds and dies. The environmental impact due to aerosol generation via atomization process is a major concern associated with environmental consciousness. This paper presents the experimental results to analyze the characteristics of cutting fluid aerosol generation in grinding process. Experimental results show that the generated fine aerosol which particle size less than 10micron appears near worker's breath zone under given operational conditions. The aerosol concentration is much higher enough to affect human health risk with its generated aerosol quantities. This quantitative analysis can be provided the basic knowledge f3r further research for environmentally conscious machining technology developments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.282-287
• /
• 2005

This paper presents the experimental results to analyze the characteristics of cutting fluid aerosol generation in grinding process. Machining is a one of the broad manufacturing process to produce the parts, products and various molds and dies. The environmental impact due to aerosol generation via atomization process is a major concern associated with environmental consciousness. Experimental results show that the generated fine aerosol which particle size less than 10 micron appears near worker's breath zone under given operational conditions. The aerosol concentration is much higher enough to affect human health risk with its generated aerosol quantities. This qualitative analysis can be provided the basic knowledge for further research for environmentally conscious machining technology developments.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.457-462
• /
• 2023

Quantitative measurement of trace ethane is important in environmental science and biomedical applications. For these applications, we typically require a few tens of part-per-trillion level measurement sensitivity. To measure trace-level ethane, we constructed a cavity ring-down spectroscopy setup in the 3.37 ㎛ mid-infrared wavelength range, which is applicable to multi-species chemical analysis. We demonstrated that the detection limit of ethane is approximately 300 parts per trillion, and the measured concentration is in agreement with the amounts of the injected sample. We expect that these results can be applied to the chemical analysis of ethane and applications such as breath test equipment.