• 복식
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• 제66권8호
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• pp.46-60
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• 2016

Countries have different brassiere patterns, and this study produced and compared 3/4 brassiere patterns from different countries to determine the difference in patterns, and to investigate the stress distribution and shape of cross section while wearing brassieres using 3D virtual fitting system. Despite the growing interest in underwear, there is a lack of related books and research on brassiere patterns, which causes the difference in sizes and pattern drafting methods by countries. Thus, research on this is needed. 3D virtual fitting system has been introduced to compare patterns, thereby improving visible effects and reducing the loss in cost caused by underwear pattern fitting test. According to the result of pattern analysis, The Secoli type exhibited the least breast cover rate (14.9 cm), while the largest cover rate was shown in Christina and ESMOD types (17.7 cm). It is believed that the difference in pattern drafting causes the difference in the total length of a brassiere. Furthermore, the Secoli, Moda Burgo, and ESMOD brassieres drafted from basic bodice pattern were found to be longer than the Christina and Han Sunmi brassieres attained from direct pattern drafting. Moreover, the darts' volume of upper and lower cups in Christina and Han Sunmi types was similar in shape. The shapes of cradle drafted from basic bodice pattern were a straight line, while those from direct drafting formed a curved shape. In fitting multiple cross sections, the Secoli, Moda Burgo, and ESMOD brassieres had gaps between the brassieres and the body. Among these, the largest number of gaps was observed in the ESMOD type pattern. This study aimed at performing comparative analysis of various brassieres' pattern drafting types as a basic research for developing a brassiere pattern drafting type.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권9_10호
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• pp.1378-1388
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• 2006

We conducted a questionnaire survey of 481 Korean female college students and measured anthropometrically 2 girth of their bodies(bust, under bust girth) in order to understand the psychological needs about brassiere and the physical characteristics of consumers aged between 19 and 25(the 1924 generation). There were two major problems to be solved to improve the fit of brassiere in aspect of size. First, most brands for this age group aimed at product differentiation mainly on visual design not on brassiere size. According to the body measurements, the distribution of brassiere size had 6 sections '70AA, 70A, 70B, 75AA, 75A and 75B cups' showing a rate of 63.8% but most brands for this age group were producing '75A, 80A, 85A, 75B, 80B and 85B cups' showing a rate of 24.7%. Second, most subjects of this survey didn't know their own breast size and the sizing system of brassiere which are necessary in order to select the proper brassiere size. And most subjects were wearing a bigger size brassiere than their own body size even though one was in the range of '75A, 80A, 85A, 75B, 80B and 85B'. It might be possible that the dimensions of brassiere products in the market and the sizes indicated on the labels do not correspond. For increasing the consumer satisfaction it is necessary to adjust the production rate of brassiere sizes and to develop ergonomic brassiere products with proper dimensions and shapes for each brassiere size.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.50-66
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• 2010

This Shanghai region study is a sample survey of female college students in their early 20s. This study collected and analyzed the information of shapes through a direct contact survey to understand the breast figures and the measurements of bodies to provide basic information to improve brassiere production for adult females in China. Data was analyzed through a SAS 9.0. The characteristic of the final brassiere pattern that had been corrected and complemented from the results of the $l^{st},\;2^{nd},\;3^{rd}$, and $4^{th}$ fitting tests is defined as a brassiere inserted with a round wire that has the 3/4cup to wrap the bust area by about 3/4. It consists of an upper and lower nonwoven fabric cup that has a flat-shaped wing of a circular dart. The drawing method of the pattern of this brassiere is applied with the conditions to cover the body naturally under the diverse and organic relations of the material factor of stretch material and wire, functional factor, and sewing factor. The final pattern is created as a bigger angle of wing pattern and a short inner side diameter because there are more Chinese women with a back of bending figure compared to Korean women.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to compare the constitutions comparatively among Korean, Chinese and Chosunjok college women and thereby, provide for some basic data helpful to the development of export apparels befitting the Chinese consumers, For this purpose, Korean, Chinese and Chosunjok college women aged between 17 and 24 were sampled to be subject to body measurements. The measurement data obtained were indexed for each part of the body to set a total 29 constitutional indices, which were analyzed by factor dictating the major shapes of body, Thus, based on the constructed, the differences of constitution among three groups were comparatively analyzed. The results of this study of this study can be summarized as follows; It was found through this study that Korean college women had thickest neck compared with body size and had longer lower limbs compared with stature, Moreover, their lower body was absolutely longer than the other two groups, and thus, Korean college women were found slimmest. On the other hand, Chinese college women had most voluminous chest turned over with shorter and thicker body. they were obesest. Chosunjok college women had longest upper body but shortest breast length. Their lower body was obesest, and their body was longer compared with stature. Moreover, Chosunjok college women's lower limbs were shortest, while their arm scyes were small nearest body type.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.847-857
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• 2015

The ratio of small-breasted women occupies over 20% among Korean women in their twenties. However, the commercial brassieres for the small-breasted women were not fitted well to their breast shapes. In this research, the various commercial mold brasseries for small-breasted women were evaluated through the wearing test and the analysis of 3D images which were scanned from their torsos wearing the brassieres. In addition, professional panels performed the appearance evaluation based on the 2D front and side images captured from 3D images taken by 3D measurement systems. As the results, we found that small-breasted women preferred a 3/4 cup brassiere, of which volume is concentrated in the lower cup. The most preferred brassiere in wearing state shows that the characteristic angle between the chest and the upper cup is about 167 degrees, which is smaller than those of another brassieres, and that the ratio of the radius of curvature of the nipple part to that of the lower cup was about 0.78. These results provide important implications regarding the design of mold brassieres for small-breasted women in spite of the fact that these results represent the selected set of commercial brassieres. Therefore, further studies are highly demanded for the most suitable design information of mold cup for small-breasted women.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 L1-norm 기반 이산 극좌표에서의 방사형 영상처리 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 위를 위하여, 먼저 L2-norm 기반 극좌표는 이산 시스템에서 존재할 수 없음을 확인하였고, Cartesian 좌표를 이산 극좌표로 변환하는 기법을 개발하였다. 제안된 방법을 유방암 영상의 안정화와 극도의 무정형 물체 경계 탐지에 적용한다. Cartesian 좌표계에서 수행된 Gaussian 필터링 방법과 비교하여, 제안된 방법은 전반적인 방사형 mass 영상을 유지하는 동안 영상 신호를 안정화했다. 기존의 경계 탐지기가 무정형 물체의 모양을 정확하게 찾을 수 없는 반면, 제안된 경계 탐지 기법은 높은 정밀도로 탐지해낸다. 본 논문은 또한, 홍채 영상 분리 기법에의 응용과 좋은 검증 결과를 갖게 되었다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2019

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the geometrical accuracy of a patient-specific bolus based on a three-dimensional (3D) printed mold and casting method. Materials and Methods: Three breast cancer patients undergoing treatment for a superficial region were scanned using computed tomography (CT) and a designed bolus structure through a treatment planning system (TPS). For the fabrication of patient-specific bolus, we cast harmless certified silicone into 3D printed molds. The produced bolus was also imaged using CT under the same conditions as the patient CT to acquire its geometrical shape. We compared the shapes of the produced bolus with the planned bolus structure from the TPS by measuring the average distance between two structures after a surface registration. Results and Conclusions: The result of the average difference in distance was within 1 mm and, as the worst case, the absolute difference did not exceed ${\pm}2mm$. The result of the geometric difference in the cross-section profile of each bolus was approximately 1 mm, which is a similar property of the average difference in distance. This discrepancy was negligible in affecting the dose reduction. The proposed fabrication of patient-specific bolus is useful for radiation therapy in the treatment of superficial regions, particularly those with an irregular shape.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2003

산불발생 후 수목의 수간에 형성된 불자국을 이용하여 산불 발생 시 지형에 따른 산불의 방향성 추정과 수목의 생존율 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 불자국은 수목의 수간을 기준으로 바람이 부는 반대방향(leeward side)에서 더 높게 형성되며, 수목의 직경, 사면의 경사 등과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 불자국을 이용하여 불의 진행방향을 분석한 결과 4가지 유형이 가장 두드러지게 나타나고 있었으며, 이들 유형들은 사면의 방향과 일정하게 또는 바람의 방향과도 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 불자국의 높이는 생존목과 고사목을 비교해 보면 평균 불자국 높이는 수목의 수간을 기준으로 바람이 부는 방향(windward side) 반대 방향(leeward side)의 높이는 생존목 보다는 고사목의 불자국의 높이가 높게 나타났다. 수간이 불에 탄 면적을 보면 생존목의 경우에는 2000년 25.9%, 2001년 17.1%, 2002년 12.4% 이었으며, 고사목의 경우에는 2000년 40.9%, 2001년 31.3%m 2002년 30.5% 이었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 소나무의 경우 수간면적이 최소한 12% 이하가 불에 타면 생존하게 되고, 30% 이상의 면적이 불에 타게 되면 고사되는 것으로 나타났다. Brown et al.(1987)의 연구에 따르면 사시나무에서 불의 강도와 고사와의 관계에서, 불에 탄 면적이 고사한 수목의 경우에는 평균 70% 이상이고, 생존한 수목의 경우에는 50% 이하로 나타난다고 보고하였으나 본 연구에서 수행된 소나무의 경우에는 이보다 훨씬 작은 면적이 불에 타더라도 고사하게 되는 것으로 나타났다. 소나무의 생존분석은 불자국의 면적, 불자국의 높이, 수고, 직경의 4가지 인자를 이용하여 분석한 결과 회귀식은 다음과 같이 정의될 수 있다. Y=-2.484${\times}$Hight＋0.04199${\times}$D.B.H-1.686${\times}$Windward＋11.172${\times}$Leeward＋23.432 (r=0.936, F=409.968, P＞0.0001). 이러한 불자국을 이용한 다양한 연구들은 산불의 강도, 속도 등에 대한 분석을 가능하게 하며, 산불 발생 후 야기되는 산림관리에 대한 기본적인 자료들로서 제공될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2019

아고산 지역에서 지형은 바람과 일사, 토양수분함량 등에 영향을 주며 식물의 생장과 발달에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 아고산 지역에서 바람막이 지형이 가문비나무의 수관 생장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 서식지를 사면과 미지형에 따라 구분하고, 수고와 수관생장을 조사하였다. 아고산 지역의 가문비 나무는 서식지 내 바람의 영향과 미지형에 따라 수고 생장과 수관 생장이 다르게 나타났다. 바람맞이 사면에서 수고 생장과 수관생장률이 낮았고, 바람맞이 사면의 홀로 돋아져 바람과 같은 외부 환경에 노출된 미지형에서 자라는 나무는 바람의지 사면의 주변식생과 함께 자라는 나무보다 수관 생장이 절반 수준으로 낮았다. 바람의 영향이 강한 곳에서는 바람이 불어오는 방향으로 수관 생장이 억제되어 수관이 깃발형으로 발달하였다. 바람맞이 사면에서도 바람에 노출된 미지형 1 유형은 바람막이 역할을 하는 지피물이 존재하는 미지형 3 유형에 비해 수관의 기형이 심하였다. 본 연구는 바람이 심한 아고산 지역의 지형과 생장의 관계를 분석하여 가문비나무의 분포와 생장에서 바람막이 지형의 역할이 중요함을 보여주었다. 아고산 서식지 관리와 복원을 위해서 바람의 영향을 고려한 사면과 지형별 분포에 대한 분석이 필요하다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권3_4호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop designs and patterns of a functional brassiere. For this purpose, women who have protruding and drooping breasts with 75B for their brassiere size were sampled. The fitting test for the fitness and function of test brassiere and control brassiere were carried out twice and compared the results from the both in terms of front, rear and side looks. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The results from measuring the level of sag and spread, and volume and protrusion of breasts shows that there are some distinctive differences in the measurements before and after wearing the test brassiere and the test brassiere is proved to be very effective in correcting breasts' shapes. 2. Front look: Since the two front cutting lines of the test brassiere served to have the curved main part pressing against the breasts, it could support breasts to more than satisfactory level. In addition, upperline panel and side panels of the test brassiere were found to have the upperline of the upper cup pressed against the breasts and at the same time it pressed and gathered the flab around upper part of the breasts and armpits that helped to rearrange the shape of the breasts. It is also proved that the two-pieced test brassier was found to be more functional in supporting the lower cup of the breasts. 3. Rear look: The test brassier was made up of two wide U-shaped wings with 2.5cm tape on its lower sides. Each wing has 4 lines and 3 hems (5.5cm). For this reason, the test brassiere was tighter and better fitted on its back. 4. Side look and entire look: The wings of the test brassiere might look wider than that of the control brassier which has conventional straight-shaped wings, but it was analyzed that the test brassiere held the upper and lower sides of the wings more effectively to be more pressed against the breast. Therefore, the test brassiere scored higher in terms of adjusting to body movements, while the control brassiere looked better in overall terms. 5. The functional brassier fur protruding and drooping breasts developed from the experiments of this study is a full side stretch brassiere which covers the entire breasts satisfactorily. The pattern drafting methods are suggested in to .