• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.681-688
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to compare the supplementation of natural (D-${\alpha}$-tocopherol) and synthetic (DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate) vitamin E on the growth performance, meat quality, muscular antioxidant capacity and genes expression related to oxidative status of broilers. A total of 144 1 day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 8 birds each. Birds were given a basal diet (control group), and basal diet supplemented with either 20 IU D-${\alpha}$-tocopherol or DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate for 42 days, respectively. The results indicated that treatments did not alter growth performance of broilers (p>0.05). Compared with the control group, concentration of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in the breast muscle was increased by the supplementation of vitamin E (p<0.05). In the thigh, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content was also enhanced by vitamin E inclusion, and this effect was more pronounced in the natural vitamin E group (p<0.05). Vitamin E supplementation increased the redness of breast (p<0.05). In the contrast, the inclusion of synthetic vitamin E decreased lightness of thigh (p<0.05). Dietary vitamin E inclusion reduced drip loss at 24 h of thigh muscle (p<0.05), and this effect was maintained for drip loss at 48 h in the natural vitamin E group (p<0.05). Broilers given diet supplemented with vitamin E showed decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the breast (p<0.05). Additionally, natural rather than synthetic vitamin E reduced MDA accumulation in the thigh (p<0.05). Neither natural nor synthetic vitamin E supplementation altered muscular mRNA abundance of genes related to oxidative stress (p>0.05). It was concluded that vitamin E supplementation, especially the natural vitamin E, can enhance the retention of muscular ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, improve meat quality and muscular antioxidant capacity of broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.405-411
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• 1994

Purified myofibrils were prepared from ante-mortem stress and control lots of Taiwan country chicken breast and thigh muscles at death and afler storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7 days post-mortem. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polycrylamide gel electrophoresis (3.2%) and densitometer were used to examine the effect of ante-mortem stress and control storage of muscle on titin and nebulin. Results indicated that titin and nebulin were more rapidly degraded in the control and the ante-mortem stress light muscles than in the control and ante-mortem dark muscles of Taiwan country chicken. In contrast, nebulin was shown to be more resistance to degradation in the ante-mortem stress dark muscle than in the control light muscle.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.788-801
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• 2021

This study examined biochemical components, fatty acids, antioxidant dipeptides, and muscle fiber density of breast and thigh muscles from Korean new native chicken strains (A and B) at two slaughter ages, compared with white semi-broiler (W) or broilers. The pH values were different by chicken breed. The new native strains had the lowest fat content in the breast at 12 wk (p<0.05). Regardless of the muscles, A and B at 12 wk had higher levels of arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6), and nervonic acid (C24:1) than broilers (p<0.05). A similar result was observed for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids ratio (P/S) content in the breast. Irrespective of the muscles, A and B enriched with omega-3 fatty acids had a lower ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio than broilers (p<0.05) at 12 wk. Of the antioxidant di-peptides, the anserine contents were highest in A and B than in the W or broilers (p<0.05), regardless of the muscles and slaughter ages. Furthermore, the breast meat from A and B contained a higher muscle fiber density for both slaughter ages than the W and broilers (p<0.05). Based on these findings, even if the commercial birds (broilers or W) are raised under the similar environmental conditions as A and B, the new native chicken strains have distinct meat quality attributes, particularly higher ARA and DHA levels, lower ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio, and higher anserine contents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2010

Dietary karaya saponin and Rhodobacter capsulatus (R. capsulatus) are known to have hypocholesterolemic actions, as reported in our previous studies. This study examined possible synergistic hypocholesterolemic effects of karaya saponin and R. capsulatus in broilers. A total of 150 broilers were allocated into 10 treatments: control, saponin 25 mg, saponin 50 mg, saponin 75 mg, saponin 25 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g, saponin 25 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g, saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g, saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g, saponin 75 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g and saponin 75 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g. Feed intake and feed efficiency were improved when karaya saponin and R. capsulatus were synergistically supplemented in the diet. Combinations of karaya saponin, especially supplementation of karaya saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g were shown to have potential hypolipidemic actions in breast and thigh muscle cholesterol and triglycerides, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as improved high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p<0.05). Compared to the control, almost all the treatments significantly increased serum, liver and fecal concentrations of bile acids (p<0.05). Supplementation of both karaya saponin (75 mg) and saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g reduced palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) in a similar fashion (p<0.05). The ratios of PUFA:SFA or PUFA+MUFA:SFA in the thigh and breast muscle of broilers were greater in karaya saponin and R. capsulatus supplemented groups than in the control group. Thus, our study concluded that supplementation of karaya saponin synergistically with R. capsulatus in the diet of broilers is an effective way to obtain low-cholesterol, low-triglyceride and high HDL-cholesterol enriched poultry meat with a unique fatty acid balance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.700-711
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• 2017

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the impact of high-fat diets composed of different animal and vegetable fat sources on serum metabolic health markers in Japanese quail, as well as the overall lipid content and fatty acid profiles of the edible bird tissues following significantly increased dietary lipid supplementation. Methods: Fifty seven male quail were divided into six groups and fed either a standard diet or a diet enriched with one of five different fats (22% coconut oil, lard, palm oil, soybean oil, or sunflower oil) for 12 weeks. The birds were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test following the feeding period, after which they were euthanized and blood, liver, breast, and thigh muscle samples collected. Total fat content and fatty acid profiles of the tissue samples, as well as serum uric acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, aspartate transaminase, and total bilirubin concentrations were assessed. Results: High-fat diet feeding had no significant effects on the glucose tolerance of the birds. Dietary fatty acid profiles of the added fats were reflected in the lipid profiles of both the liver and breast and thigh muscle tissues, indicating successful transfer of dietary fatty acids to the edible bird tissues. The significantly increased level of lipid inclusion in the diets of the quail used in the present study was unsuccessful in increasing the overall lipid content of the edible bird tissues. Serum metabolic health markers in birds on the high-fat diets were not significantly different from those observed in birds on the standard diet. Conclusion: Thus, despite the various high-fat diets modifying the fatty acid profile of the birds' tissues, unlike in most mammals, the birds maintained a normal health status following consumption of the various high-fat diets.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2002

산란노계에서 강제환우가 체중, 복강지방, 장기, 근육조직의 변화에 미치는 영향을 고찰하고자 77주령 산란계 360수를 7주간 강제환우를 시행하였다. 강제환우전, 산란율 5%, 산란피크, 실험종료 시기인 126주령에 단계별로 각각 36수씩 희생시킨 후에 체중, 복강지방, 장기 및 번식기관의 길이와 무게를 조사하였으며, 가슴과 다리근육에서 지방함량을 분석하였다. 체중은 산란 5% 시기에 제일 낮았으며 산란율이 증가하면서 실험 종료시기에 극대화되었다. 복강지방도 체중의 변화와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 간의 체중에 대한 비율도 강제환우 후에 제일 낮았지만 실험 종료시에 현저하게 높았다(P<0.05). 심장과 근위의 무게는 산란율이 5%에 도달하였을 때 제일 높았지만, 그 후에는 강제환우 이전과 동일한 경향을 보였다. 산란율이 5%에 도달한 시점에서 장기와 번식기관의 무게는 다른 시기에 비하여 현저하게 낮았지만 산란율이 높아지면서 그 무게가 증대되었으며 실험 종료시에 제일 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 가슴과 다리근육의 지방함량도 산란율이 5% 도달시에 제일 낮게 나타났으며, 실험 종료시에 현저하게 높았다(P<0.05). 본 실험의 결과 산란노계에서 강제환우 전후시기에 체중, 장기, 근육의 변화의 주요 원인은 주로 복강지방과 다른 장기 및 근육에서 지방의 함량감소에 기인하였음을 확인하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.629-635
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• 2018

The present study investigated the effects of feed form and distiller's dried grain with solubles (DDGS) on meat quality and fatty acids profile of broiler chickens. A total of 720 broilers (Ross 308; average BW [body weight] $541{\pm}5.7g$) were randomly allotted to six treatments. Birds were fed three different feed forms (mash; SP, simple pellet; EP, expanded pellet) and DDGS (0 or $200g\;kg^{-1}$) in a $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. The addition of DDGS and EP to the diet resulted in increased shear force of breast meat. Moreover, DDGS inclusion in the diet reduced the concentration of stearic acid and behenic acid in thigh meat. Pelleting (SP and EP) of the diets increased palmitic acid content in the thigh, whereas the linolenic acid content decreased. The breast mass was higher with EP and SP diets than with the mash diet. Feed processing led to increased pectoralis muscle and drum mass compared to mash-fed chickens. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that EP decreased thigh linolenic acid and meat shear force. In addition, DDGS supplementation in broiler hampers meat quality by increasing the shear force.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1985

부화후 20개월된 백색케그혼종 산란노폐계 60수를 무작위로 10수씩, 6개 군으로 나누어 도계처리하고 가식계육을 얻어, 산육성과 육제품원료육으로서의 가공적성을 측정 조사한바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 평균 생체중은 1,576.7g이였으며, 도체중은 998.9g(63.4%), 가식내장육량은 75.3g(4.8 g)인바, 이를 합친 판매(R.T.C)형 계육량은 1,074.2g(68.2%)으로, 불가식도계 부산물량은 502.5g (31.8%) 였다. 2. 도체 (평균중량 998.9g)의 부위별분할육량은 각각 두 41.0g(4.1%), 익 135.9g(13.6%), 흉 276.7g(27.7%), 고경 323.6g(32.4%), 배 176.1g(17.6%)였으며, 분활감량은 45.6g(4.6%)였다. 3. 뇌 및 고경부터의 가식근육량은 각각 241.1g 및 274.2.g, 도합 515.4g으로 분할육량대 85.86%, 도체량대 51.6%, 생체중대 32.7%였다. 4. 가식근육량(515.4g)과 가식내장육량(75.3g) 합친 수당가식육량은 590.7g으로 생체중대 37.5%였다. 5. 뇌근의 수분, 단백질 및 지방함량은 각각 72.95%, 20.54% 및 15.9%였고, 고경근은 각 71.9%, 19.12% 및 3.96%였으며, 또 뇌근과 고경근의 수분ㆍ단백화는 각각 3.55 및 3.76이였다. 6. 뇌근과 그경근의 염예성단백질은 각각 7.97% 및 6.26%였고, 이의 전단백질에 대한 농도(%)는 각각 38.8% 및 32.4%였으며, 또 이들의 유화력(oil $m\ell$/100$m\ell$) 은 각각 4.37$m\ell$ 및 43.23$m\ell$로 단백질의 량과 질적으로 고경근보다 뇌근이 우수하였다. 7. 뇌근과 고 근의 보수력은 각각 54.23% 및 52.61%로 적시 뇌근이 높은편이었다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2021

This study aims to organize the prototype design method of compression wear for women professional soccer players. Despite the excellent performance of female soccer players in world competition, most functional wear has been developed mainly for men, so professional female athletes have fewer choices. Soccer is a sport requiring core and lower body muscle strength, and muscular endurance for long periods of playing or walking on the field. Female soccer players did not differ much in upper body compared to other women, but their lower body had a smaller hip circumference than waist circumference and a larger thigh circumference, requiring compilation considering the physical characteristics and movement of athletes. Female soccer players wear sports bras while playing but regular bras and compression wear during normal exercise because they sweat on under their breast, which irritates sensitive skin. For core muscles in the upper body and to support for thigh and hip muscles in the lower body, the uniform in this study was designed by reducing the body size of a professional female soccer player in her 20s and the actual measurements of commercial compilation software to 81% of the chest circumference, 95% of the waist circumference, and 78% of the hip circumference. The design experiment in this study was a simple exercise and did not produce produce results for long-term exercise and performance improvement, but can be used to design a composition pattern system for other professional female athletes.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.489-500
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• 1999

The fatty acid composition of muscle were investigated to compare muscle composition among the 9 domestic animals including cattle. In major domestic animals, analyzed the effects of age, part and sex of the animal on their fatty acid composition. The content of 4 types of major fatty acids of muscle was determined and calculated their ratio. Myristic acid and palmitic acid levels were high in chicken and sheep. Besides dog muscle contained a lot of stearic acid. Linoleic acid content showed evident difference in the content depending on the animal species. The ratios of linoleic acid/palmitic acid (L/P ratio) and linoleic acid/stearic acid(L/S ratio) were characteristically high in horse and pig, whereas the ratio of palmitic acid/stearic acid(P/S ratio) was $0.71{\pm}0.17$, showing very low level in dog. As for the content of stearic acid, in cattle and chicken it was higher in young animal than adults. In duck, the contents of all fatty acids and ratio were increased by the age. As for the content of fatty acids according to the part of chicken, high level was shown in thigh than in breast and wing, while there was no remarkable variation by the part in other animal. The differences in the content of myristic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid among some animal could be verified in muscle lipid composition. The L/P ratio which maintained certain level regardless of age, part, sex shown distinctive pattern between the species.