• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 1999

Sodium restricted diets are known to lower blood pressure in salt sensitive, hypertensive patients. Thare is increasing evidence that potassium plays an important role as a protective factor in the regulation of blood pressure. The objective of the current study was to measure parameters of sodium, potassium, and chloride utilization as affected by feeding of substantial quantities of bread made from whole ground white torn meal, whole ground yellow corn meal, and whole ground wheat flour. The breads provided 40 percent of a caloric content of the constant, measured laboratory diet. The 28-day study was divided into an introductory period of 7-days and three experimental periods of 7-days each. Order of assignment to specific treatments for 12 healthy subjects were according to a complete randomized block design. Yellow corn bread diets resulted in the highest potassium retention (243 mg/day) and the lowest urinary sodium and potassium ratio (1.53 $\pm$ 0.26) numerically in comparison to the other test breads. The excretions of sodium and chloride were higher during controlled feeding periods than during the self-selected diet period(p < 0.05). This indicates a response to the higher intake of these electrolytes from the experimental diets than from self-selected diets. There was no significant difference in the effect of white corn bread, yellow corn bread, or whole wheat bread diet on electrolyte status in humans. However, the yellow corn bread diet resulted in a somewhat more favorable urina교 sodium to potassium ratio than that from white corn bread or whole wheat bread diet.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2012

본 연구는 밥 식이와 빵 식이가 지구성 운동 후 중성지방, 그렐린, 인슐린, 혈당, 유리지방산, 지방과 탄수화물 산화율을 조사하여 두 식이의 차이점을 분석하였다. 중성지방은 지구성 운동 시 두 식이 간에 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 운동 후 회복기에서 중성지방은 밥 식이가 빵 식이보다 유의하게 감소하였다. 인슐린과 혈당에서도 밥 식이는 빵 식이보다 유의하게 감소된 결과를 나타냈다. 밥 식이와 빵 식이의 유리지방산과 지방 산화율은 운동과 운동 후 회복기에서 통계적 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았지만 밥 식이가 빵 식이보다 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 운동을 병행한 두 식이 간 비교에서 밥 식이가 중성지방 감소, 낮은 혈당 반응, 인슐린 민감성 향상의 결과가 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 일회성 운동이지만 서구의 주식인 빵 식이보다 우리의 주식인 밥 식이의 섭취가 운동과 병행하였을 경우 심혈관질환 예방 효과의 가능성을 볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1969

The nutrients such as protein, calcium, iron and all three of them, either by natural or chemical substances were added to the recipes of yeast breads. Acceptability test was carried for the each formulated bread before selecting eight experimental diets. Sixty albino rats were separated into ten dietary groups including eight enriched breads and two control diets of plain breads from the market, which were used as the carbohydrate sources of the each basal diet. Experimental regime was seven weeks. The growth rate, hematology, total serum protein and organ weights we compared. Generally animals on the enriched bread showed the better growth rate than the rats fed control diet. Diet H enriched protein, iron and calcium by natural foods, brought up the highest weight gain among all of the rats. Hemoglobin concentrations of the rats on the diet H and G (enriched with three nutrients by chemicals) were 14.3 and 14.2 gram % comparing with other two control groups (12.9 and 13.1 gram%). Rats on diet K (fed nothing but diet H enriched bread) showed the significantly higher growth rate, total serum protein and hemoglobin level than these on the diet L (fed only plain bread from the market).

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of white pan bread added with Kamut (Triticum turgidum spp.) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Methods: The white pan bread or white pan bread with Kamut (BK) were administered for 8 weeks in HFD-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. To evaluate the effect and its mechanisms of BK on obese mice, we measured body weight change, serum lipid profiles, histopathological analysis, and protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) in the liver. Results: Administration of BK significantly decreased body weight in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, BK-administered group significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the HFD-induced control group. The HFD-induced mice had damaged liver tissue and increased the size of adipose tissue, but BK-administered group attenuated liver damage and decreased the size of adipocyte. Furthermore, administration of BK significantly down-regulated C/EBPα in the liver compared with HFD-fed mice. In particular, BK-administered group has higher inhibited body weight, serum lipid profiles, and C/EBPα expressions than white pan bread-administered group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that administration of BK attenuated HFD-induced obesity by regulation of C/EBPα than consumption of white pan bread. Therefore, BK could be developed as a bread for prevention of obesity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2013

곤약 글루코만난(liquid konjac)을 동결건조한 식빵에 첨가한 사료를 고지방식이로 유도한 비만 흰쥐에 6주간 급여하였을 때의 체중, 혈청지질, 비만지수에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험군은 정상군(NC), 고지방식이 비만 대조군(HF), 고지방식이 비만+곤약 글루코만난을 10% 되게 혼합하여 동결건조 한 식빵을 사료에 10% 혼합한 식이군(KGM1) 및 비만+곤약 글루코만난을 20%되게 혼합하여 동결건조한 식빵을 사료에 20% 혼합한 식이군(KGM2)으로 구분(군당 7마리)하여 6주간 사육하였다. KGM1군과 KGM2군은 HF군에 비하여 혈청 중성지질, 총지질, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 함량 및 atherogenic index(AI)는 감소하였으나 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 증가하였다. KGM1군과 KGM2군은 HF군의 체중에 비하여 감소하였으며 곤약 글루코만난 첨가 식빵의 비율이 높아질수록 체중감소율이 높았다. 체지방 함량은 NC군 및 HF군에서는 실험식이 6주후에 크게 증가하였으나 KGM1군은 유의적인 변화가 없었고, KGM2군은 감소하였다. 따라서 곤약 글루코만난 첨가 식빵은 고지방식이로 유도된 비만 흰쥐에서 체지방 함량을 감소시키는 효과가 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.629-632
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of substituting bread by-product (BBP) for barley grain in high concentrate fattening diets for kids on nutrient intake, growth performance, and nutrient digestibility. Twenty-eight Baladi kids (body weight=17.1${\pm}$1.0 kg) were assigned randomly to 4 experimental finishing diets (7 kids/treatment) in a completely randomized design for 70 days. The control (CON) diet contained 20, 60, 11, 7 and 2% (DM basis) alfalfa hay, barley grain, soybean meal, corn grain, and mineral and vitamin mix, respectively. Bread by-product substituted barley grain by 10, 20 and 30% of the diet DM in the LBBP, MBBP, and HBBP diets, respectively. Dry matter intakes for the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets were similar (p>0.05; avg.=592 g/day), however, kids fed the HBBP diet had a lower (p<0.05) DM intake (451 g/day). Organic matter and CP intakes showed similar patterns to that observed for DM. Dietary treatments did not affect (p>0.05) average daily gain for kids fed the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets (avg.=150 g/day). Final body weights for kids fed the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets (avg. 27.1 kg) were greater (p<0.05) than for kids fed the HBBP diet (23.7 kg). Feed to gain ratio was greater for the CON, LBBP and MBBP diets (avg. 3.9) compared with the HBBP diet (5.0). No significant (p>0.05) effect of the dietary treatment was observed for DM, OM and NDF digestibility. Substituting BBP for barley grain up to 20% of the diet DM did not affect nutrient intake, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of kids and resulted in a decrease in feed cost.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.331-349
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• 2000

Patisseries and bread industries in Korea has been growing by the change of diet pattern of Koreans. Patisseries and bread now occupy 14.1% of the total food industry in Korea. In western countries, patisseries and bread are specialized by their products. In Korea, however, the two have not yetestabished their own business realm. It is, therefore, necessary to have academic definitions upon patisseries and bread since they require different materials and methods to produce. This study is to make the definitions on patisseries and bread to give the industry a clearer recognitn of the two. The study examines the common and distinctive of patisseries and bread in terms of history and cooking method.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2011

Functional foods play an important role in daily diet, human health and the food industry. Hemp was reported to have many advantages for nutritional and medicinal usage. In this study, extruded hemp-rice (EHR) flour, containing 30% hemp, was mixed with the wheat flour to create bread loaves at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 15%. Bread made from 100% wheat flour (with no added EHR flour) was used as a control. The physical parameters, including expansion ratio, specific volume and crust/crumb color were evaluated separately. In addition, changes in hardness of the bread during storage at ambient temperature for 3 days were also studied. The results showed that 10%-EHR bread exhibited the highest hardness value, while 15%-EHR bread presented the lowest. The bread containing EHR flour had lower specific volume and bigger air cells compared to the control. Moreover, the crust and crumb color of EHR-containing bread was significantly darker than those of the control. In this study, the 15%-EHR bread showed higher specific volume, lower hardness and bigger air cell structures.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2004

The quality characteristics of baguette bread added with water extracts of Liriopis tuber(LT) and effect of the diets containing 20% dried and powered baguette with 10% LT on the level of blood sugar and lipids in the diabetes induced rat by streptozotocin were investigated. pH of the dough added with 5∼10% LT was 5.00∼5.03 which were lower than that of control(5.12). The volume of the dough with 10% LT after 2nd fermentation was the biggest. Loaf volume index of the bread with 10% LT was significantly higher than that of control. $L^{*}$ values of outside and inside of the baguette decreased in proportion to the increase of the LT, while the $a^{*}$ values increased. Color of the bread with LT showed light dark-red. There was no significant difference in hardness, but springiness and gumminess were higher in the bread with 10% LT. Sweet taste increased, color acceptability and overall taste were enhanced by addition of LT, but it did not affect the sour and astringent taste. The overeating phenomenon showed in the diabetes rat decreased in the group fed with baguette bread with LT, while feed efficiency increased by feeding of the bread with LT. The level of glucose, neutral lipid and total cholesterol in blood were 118.92,95.47 and 37.42mg/dL in the control group, 245.60, 121.54 and 102.43 mg/dL in the diabetes control, 148.40, 103.25 and 57.63 mg/dL in the baguette diet group, respectively. There was no significant difference of HTR between control group and baguette diet group, while atherogenic index was considerably decreased, which might represent improving and preventing effects of diabetes.s.s.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.528-535
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• 2004

In order to observe the effects of resistant starches on human glycemic response, nine female university students were investigated using cellulose (CED), resistant starch 3 (RS3D) and resistant starch 4 (RS4D) diets. Each woman's blood sugar and insulin, triacylglycerol and free fatty in plasma concentration were measured at fasting state, then 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 minute after each test diet feeding. Glycemic indices of the Cellulose diet (CED: 57.9 $\pm3.00$), the Resistant starch 3 diet (RS3D: 52.6 $\pm7.9$) and the Resistant starch 4 diet (RS4D: 52.9 $\pm10.2$) were similar to each other, but they were significantly lower in comparison with those of white wheat bread diet (WWBD: 100). Insulinemic indices of the CED (49.8 $\pm8.2$), RS3D (50.0 $\pm7.3$) and RS4D (72.4 $\pm7.7$) were significantly lower in comparison with the white wheat bread diet (WWBD: 100), but among the dietary fiber diets, the insulinemic index of RS4D was significantly higher than the CED and the RS3D. Plasma triacylglycerol contents of the CED, RS3D and RS4D including WWBD showed gradual increase in tendency after lowering in early stage of each test diet feeding, but not significantly different in each dietary fiber added diet. Plasma free fatty acid contents of the CED, RS3D and RS4D including WWBD showed gradual decrease in tendency after each test diet feeding, but not significantly different by each dietary fiber added diet. In above results, we speculate that resistant starch 3 controls rapid elevation of blood sugar by delaying intestinal digestion and absorption of cellulose, but the result appears to be different from RS4 in comparison. Thus, RS3 intakes may contribute to the diet therapy of diabetic humans, but more studies on RS4 is needed in the future. (Korean J Community Nutrition 9(4): 528∼535, 2004)