• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.635-644
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• 2011

This research analyzed the brainwave activities and brain hemispherity to find out any implications to design the connections between the activities of the brain function and the computerized arithmetic addition in two difficulty levels: easy: 1-5 vs. hard: 6-9. Thus, in developing the brain based math learning for the computer education by implicit association test(IAT) indicated the significant results for the exclusive brain location and the brain hemispherity on the theta, alpha, low alpha, beta brainwaves by QEEG analysis. The results of this study physiologically supported the theoretical background for the computerized math learning skills as well as the math learning material development. It shows the difficulty levels of math information education and the brain activities on cognitive process of the learner continued on the possible investigation of the brain science.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.624-639
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• 2015

This study was conducted as experimental research for testing the effects of a brain dance group program for cultivating human qualities on pre early childhood care teachers' self acceptance and self control. The subjects of this study were 20 students in the course for early childhood care teacher certificate at N University in G City who consented to participate in this study. and they were divided randomly into an experimental group n=10) and a control group n=10). Data were collected before and after the application of the brain dance group program for cultivating human qualities. and collected data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0 for Windows through paired sample t-test. According to the results. the brain dance group program was found to have a positive effect on self acceptance and self control. and this suggests that brain dance is a useful tool for enhancing pre early childhood care teachers' self-acceptance and self control. The findings of this study are expected to be used as basic information for tertiary education institutions' development of strategies to raise brain dance experts and educational experts who are to develop various education programs using brain dance.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 1995

This study was to investigate the effects of dietary linoleic acid(18:2\omega6, LA) and aipha-linolenic acid(18:3\omega3. \alpha-LNA) levels on brain development and fatty acid compositions of various lipid classes in the chicken embryo brain tissues. Thirty two ISA Brown layers, 52 weeks-old, were divided into four groups. Birds of each group were given corn-soybean meal based diets added with 1) safflower oil 8%, 2) safflower oil 6% + perilla oil 2%, 3) safflower oil 2% + perilla oil 6%, or 4) perilla oil 8%. Mter 15 days fed the diets. the layers were artificially inseminated to obtain fertile eggs. During the incubation. embryonic brains were sampled at 15th and 21st days. Fatty acid contents were quantitated by using heptadecanoic acid (17:0) as an internal standard. No significant differences in brain weight and in contents of various lipids such as phospholipid. triglyceride, cholesterol. cholesterol ester and free fatty acid in the tissues were found among the dietary groups (P<0.05). The ratios of AA/LA in the brain lipid classes were lowered as the dietary levels of perilla oil were increased. Higher LA was found in phosphatidylcholine(PC) than arachidonic acid (20:4\omega6. AA), meanwhile the level of LA was less than AA in phosphatidylethanolamine(PE). Docosahexaenoic acid(22:6\omega3, DHA) was the* major fatty acid in the tissue and its content in PE was 2.5~3 times higher than in PC. DHA level in the phospholipid reached at a peak (1.7~1.8 mg/brain) in dietary groups added with 6% or 8% perilla oil. suggesting that no more increase in that fatty acid level in the brain tissue could be obtained by consuming more \alpha-LNA, the major precursor of DHA.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2011

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in tissue development and re-modeling. Dynamic morphological changes of tooth germs reflect involvement of these enzymes during odontogenesis. The present study was performed to investigate expression and localization of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which have been known to have type IV collagenase activities, in rat tooth germs at different developmental stages. MMP-2 expression was increased gradually in the tooth germs from cap to crown staged germs at both transcription and translation levels. The localization of this molecule was detected in secretory ameloblasts and preameloblasts. The strong immunoreactivities were occasionally seen along the basement membrane between ameloblasts (or preameloblasts) and odontoblasts (preodontoblasts). However, weak reactivity was detected in odontoblasts and reduced enamel epithelium. The level of MMP-9 expression in the tooth germs was higher in cap stage than in crown staged germs at both transcription and translation levels. They were strongly expressed in both ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Even though reduced enamel epithelium after enamel formation and inner enamel epithelium at the cap stage exhibited weak reactivity, strong reactivity was detected in dental follicles and perifollicular tissues surrounding cap staged germs. These results suggested that MMP-2 may involve degradation of the basement membrane during hard tissue formation, whereas MMP-9 might be involved in remodeling of follicular tissues.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2535-2544
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• 2009

The brain-wave research provides relatively various information for brain condition in safety. The counselor or measuree will must easily reduce user TCO about the series of process for the measurement, analysis, and management of brain-wave, and can access to the desired information in real time. While the traditional method for brain-wave process was processed manually by the judgment of a specialist. In this paper the developed system is smart brain-wave care system based on optimizing and combining the 3-Tier client/server by IT with brain-wave technology including BQT. This system was developed in the real-time service with a completely automated process by the conveniently web interface. Our system currently gave a service at the field, and the collected data on DB were provided to researchers for the use of clinical research.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.337-341
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• 2013

Objective : After spinal cord injury (SCI), functional and structural reorganization occurs at multiple levels of brain including motor cortex. However, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. The current study was performed to investigate the alterations in the expression of the main regulators of neuronal development, survival and death, in the brain following thoracic contusive SCI in a mouse model. Methods : Eight-week-old female imprinting control region mice (n=60; 30-35 g) were used in this study. We analyzed the expression levels of regulators such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 in the brain following thoracic contusive SCI. Results : The expression of BDNF levels were elevated significantly compared with control group at 2 weeks after injury (p<0.05). The expression of NGF levels were elevated at 2, 4 weeks compared with control group, but these difference were not significant (p>0.05). The GDNF levels were elevated at 2 week compared with control group, but these differences were not significant (p>0.05). The difference of HDAC1 levels were not significant at 2, 4 and 8 weeks compared with control group (p>0.05). Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the upregulation of BDNF may play on important role in brain reorganization after SCI.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.372-377
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose sensibility recognition model that recognize user's sensibility using brain waves. Method to acquire quantitative data of brain waves including priority living body data or sensitivity data to recognize user's sensitivity need and pattern recognition techniques to examine closely present user's sensitivity state through next acquired brain waves becomes problem that is important. In this paper, we used pattern recognition techniques to use Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) that is pattern recognition techniques that recognize user's sensibility state through brain waves. We measures several subject's emotion brain waves in specification space for an experiment of sensibility recognition model's which propose in this paper and we made a emotion DB by the meaning data that made of concentration or stability by the brain waves measured. The model recognizes new user's sensibility by the user's brain waves after study by sensibility recognition model which propose in this paper to emotion DB. Finally, we estimates the performance of sensibility recognition model which used brain waves as that measure the change of recognition rate by the number of subjects and a number of hidden nodes.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2021

Radiopharmaceuticals are important for tumor diagnosis and therapy. To deliver a radiotracer at the desired target excluding non-targeted tissues is difficult The development of a targeted tracer that has a good clearance profile while maintaining high biostability and biocompatibility is key to optimizing its biodistribution and transport across biological barriers. Improving the hydrophilicity of radiotracers by PEGylation can reduce serum binding, allowing the tracer to circulate without retention and reducing its affinity for non-targeted tissues. In this study, we synthesized a new benzamido tracer (SnBz-PEG₃₆) with the introduction of a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol unit (PEG₃₆, ~2,100 Da). The tumor targeting efficiency and biodistribution of [¹³¹I]-Bz-PEG₃₆ or radiotracer-loaded liposomes were evaluated after their administration to normal mice or mouse tumor models including CT26 (xenograft) and 4T1 (xenograft and orthotopic). Most of the radiotracer was cleared out rapidly (1-24 h post-administration) through the kidney and there was little tumor uptake.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.395-402
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• 2016

Identifying Hoxc8 target genes is at the crux of understanding the Hoxc8-mediated regulatory networks underlying its roles during development. However, identification of these genes remains difficult due to intrinsic factors of Hoxc8, such as low DNA binding specificity, context-dependent regulation, and unknown cofactors. Therefore, as an alternative, the present study attempted to test whether the roles of Hoxc8 could be inferred by simply analyzing genes frequently coexpressed with Hoxc8, and whether these genes include putative target genes. Using archived gene expression datasets in which Hoxc8 was differentially expressed, we identified a total of 567 genes that were positively coexpressed with Hoxc8 in at least four out of eight datasets. Among these, 23 genes were coexpressed in six datasets. Gene sets associated with extracellular matrix and cell adhesion were most significantly enriched, followed by gene sets for skeletal system development, morphogenesis, cell motility, and transcriptional regulation. In particular, transcriptional regulators, including paralogs of Hoxc8, known Hox co-factors, and transcriptional remodeling factors were enriched. We randomly selected Adam19, Ptpn13, Prkd1, Tgfbi, and Aldh1a3, and validated their coexpression in mouse embryonic tissues and cell lines following $TGF-{\beta}2$ treatment or ectopic Hoxc8 expression. Except for Aldh1a3, all genes showed concordant expression with that of Hoxc8, suggesting that the coexpressed genes might include direct or indirect target genes. Collectively, we suggest that the coexpressed genes provide a resource for constructing Hoxc8-mediated regulatory networks.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

In order to understand the effects of all-trans-RA on palate development, RA was injected into the abdominal cavity of pregnant mice and then the embryos were taken in the following days and analyzed morphologically as well as molecular biologically. When RA was administered at the stage of E11 or E15, the overall craniofacial development was retarded. The length from jaw to eye was shortened, compared to that of normal group. When the E11 embryos were exposed to RA, cleft lip was also found along with the cleft palate. In vitro palate culture experiment also revealed that RA caused cleft palate. When RT-PCR was performed, early stage administration of RA at E11 inhibited the upregulation of Hoxa7 expression at E15 through E17. Whereas in control group, high level of Hoxa7 expression was detected in the palate of E15 to E17. In the case of Bax, the expression was decreased from E16, while remaining constant in control group. When TUNEL analysis was performed following the RA treatment at E15, TUNEL positive cells were detected in the mesenchymal cells as well as epithelial cells of palatal shelves of E16 and in E17 embryos. Whereas in normal control, TUNEL positive cells were observed mostly at the epithelium around the nasal cavity and oral cavity where rugae is made. These results altogether indicate that exposure to RA during palate development causes facial deformity including cleft palate and cleft lip by modulating the expression of homeotic genes such as Hoxa7 as well as an apoptosis-related gene, Bax, and thus malregulating the apoptosis.