• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.419-432
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• 2006

Experimental studies on the behaviors of box-shape steel reinforced concrete (SRC) composite beams were conducted. Seven 1:3 scale model composite beams were tested to failure. Each of the beams was simply supported at the ends and two concentrated loads were applied at the one-third span and two-thirds span respectively. Experimental results indicate that the flexural strength can be enhanced when the ratio of flexural reinforcements and flange thickness of the shape steel are increased; the shear strength is enhanced with increase of web thickness of the shape steel. Insignificant effects of concrete in the box-shape steel are found on improving the flexural strength and shear strength of the box-shape SRC composite beams, thus concrete inside the box-shape steel can be saved, and the weight of the SRC beams can be decreased. Shear studs can strengthen the connection and co-work effects between the shape steel and the concrete and enhance the shear strength, but stud design for the composite beams should be further improved. Formulas for flexural and shear strength of the composite beams are proposed, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. In general, the box-shape SRC composite beam is a kind of ductile member, and suitable for extensive engineering application.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.2 s.88
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• pp.7-18
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• 2006

The Purpose of this study is to develop landscape Preference and define elements of difference in landscape preference of the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge by Bridge Shape Parameters(BSP) through Design of Experiments. Lately, the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge is dominations much component ratio and the Steel Box Girder Bridge has strong Points that is economically Profitable and management has easy when construct. but landscape preference of the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge was evaluated low because impression of landscape is being surfeited and dulled. Do to consider optimization in design that give change to Bridge Shape Parameters(BSP) to supplement this shortcoming in this study. Therefore, this study changes Bridge Shape Parameters(BSP) and extract elements that influence in landscape preference of the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge. and based on the design that consider landscape Preference of the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge, some essential guidelines for rational design of the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.213-219
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• 1993

The box girder was developed using polymer concrete, box girder were made for flexural behavior evaluation. The box girder was reinforced with reinforcing steel bars and fiber glass roving cloths. Failure loads were 13.5 tons and 16.6tons for steel reinforced girder and fiber glass reinforced girder, respectively. Especially for the fiber glass reinforced girder, the shape was not changed even after failure. It is expected that application of this idea will be useful for developing under ground box, girder, utility tunnel, small stream bridge box, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2002

This study is performed to examine the flowability and filling ability of steel fiber reinforced high performance concrete. For the estimation of the flowability and filling ability, slump flow, box height difference and L-shape filling appearence are measured and compared. The test result shows that the slump flow is $60{\pm}5cm$ to make no difference with containing steel fiber, box height difference is increased with increasing steel fiber and L-shape filling appearence is to bad with increasing steel fiber. But, proper containg of steel fiber is considered to be applied for high performance concrete without decreasing of slump flow and filling ability.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.519-531
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• 2013

To have a better understanding of the torsional mechanism and influencing factors of PC composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs, ultimate torsional strength of four specimens under pure torsion were analyzed with Model Test Method. Monotonic pure torsion acts on specimens by eccentric concentrated loading. The experimental results show that cracks form at an angle of $45^{\circ}$ to the member's longitudinal axis in the top and bottom concrete slabs. Longitudinal reinforcement located in the center of cross section contributes little to torsional capacity of the specimens. Torsional rigidity is proportional to shape parameter ${\eta}$ of corrugation and there is an increase in yielding torque and ultimate torque of specimens as the thickness of corrugated steel webs increases.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2010

Unlike the structure which has a homogeneous material property, a composite structure is coupled with materials which have different properties, namely, steel and concrete. At actual modeling, the real behavior cannot be predicted without consideration of those material characteristics. Therefore, by putting the interface element between concrete and steel, a slip of steel and concrete is made predictable. Interface element can be used properly not by an ordinary constitutive relation, but by a non-linear constitutive relation considering actual adhesion and slip. A contact surface between plate-shape steel box and concrete is described by using this interface element. Furthermore, because the general 8 node conforming element is inappropriate for describing a bending buckling behavior of steel box, the EAS(Enhanced Assumed Strain) solid-shell element is used to describe a bending behavior of plate-shape steel box.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.133-134
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• 2023

In general, all buildings are equipped with various types of handles for opening and closing the door, and unlike wooden doors, steel doors such as fire doors are equipped with a box-shaped door lock box frame surrounding the outside of the door lock to protect the door lock, which is called a cylinder protection cover. These cylinder protection covers have various types and types of fastening structures, and the cylinder protection covers on the market are molded in factories and standardized according to the size and shape of the door lock, requiring various types of cylinder protection covers. Accordingly, a variable cylinder protection cover with a simple prefabricated structure that can fundamentally solve these problems can be used as one cylinder protection cover regardless of the type, shape, and size of the door lock.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.327-334
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• 1999

Steel box girders are popular to the Practicing engineers for the its large Pure torsional constant. But closed box girders at-e susceptible to the eccentric loading due to the distortion of the cross section. Distorton of the box girder develops the warping normal stress and transverse flexural stress in the cross section and their magnitudes can be large unless internal diaphragms are installed sufficiently. In this study, stiffness matrix and equivalent nodal force vector are formulated on the basis of displacement method. Shape functions are directly derived from the homogeneous solution of the governing differential equation of the distortion. New finite element formulations were coded into a computer program. Several numerical examples were presented to show the validity of developed program.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.1 s.47
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

In this study the seismic performance of welded steel moment connections to built-up box columns in the existing building built before 1994 Northridge earthquake was evaluated by cyclic tests. According to the test results, the pre-Northridge steel moment connections to the box columns also suffered from brittle fracture similar to that in the H-shaped column connections. However, the flange force transfer mechanism of the box column connections was substantially different from that of the H-shaped column connections, and the patterns of crack propagation may be changed due to the shape of the box column. Therefore, it is required to develop proper details for the box column connections instead of using the research results for H-shaped column connections in order to enhance the seismic performance the connections.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.444-449
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• 2019

The "Standard on Cargo Stowage and Securing" implemented to safely stow and secure the cargo of international shipping vessels and domestic car ferries, has also been applied to general cargo ships transported between domestic ports since J anuary 2018. As a result, a new type of cargo, such as a non-standardized steel box transported by general cargo ships to major ports in Korea from Jeju Island in Korea, must be factored as the method of safe stowage and securing according to the legal classification of cargo. This study analyzed the legal status of a steel box by analyzing the actual size, shape of steel box through field verification, collection of data from relevant agencies and finally proposed the methods of safe stowage and securing for a steel box in the cargo holds of general cargo ships. According to the relevant domestic laws and international regulations, steel boxes could be classified as pallette boxes with protective outer packing, a type of non-standardized cargo. Additionally, when a steel box is loaded into the cargo hold of general cargo ships, a method of loading and transporting them must be factored so that there is no gap in the cargo hold of ships. Verification of the safety of the tightly loading and transportation measures in the reviewed cargo hold was verified through safety of the hull structure and securing of the ship's stability. As a result of verification of the safety of the hull structure, the value of the structural strength on both sides and the floor of the cargo hold for the total weight of cargo that can be loaded in the cargo hold was satisfied, and the value of the ship's stability was satisfied with the value of GoM and the restoration of the three cross-sectional stability curve areas.