• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.500-509
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• 2022

Purpose: We compared the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and organic abdominal pain disorders (ORGDs). Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional, observational study. The PedsQL 4.0 generic cores scales parent proxy-report was administered to parents/caregivers of 130 and 56 pediatric patients with FAPDs and ORGDs respectively on their first visit. The self-reported pain intensity in the patients was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and facial affective scale (FAS). Results: Irritable bowel syndrome was the most prevalent FAPDs, and the most prevalent ORGDs were reflux esophagitis (41.1%) and gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori (21.4%). There was no difference in HRQOL among patients diagnosed with ORGDs and FAPDs (p>0.05). Patients with ORGDs and FAPDs had lower HRQOL Scale scores than healthy Brazilian and American children's references, with a high proportion of children at risk for impaired HRQOL (p<0.0001). There was no difference in the VAS and the FAS scores between the ORGDs and the FAPDs. FAPDs had a higher prevalence of girls' and couples' disagreement (p<0.02), although poor school performance (p<0.0007) and bullying (p<0.01) were higher in patients with ORGD. Conclusion: This study revealed that there was a difference in impaired HRQOL between patients with ORGDs and FAPDs. Thus, considering the high prevalence of chronic abdominal pain in children, a well-founded treatment plan is necessary for a multidisciplinary cognitive-behavioral Pain management program.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 1998

Hinman syndrome is a condition representing urinary voiding dysfunction in the neurologically intact child. The syndrome is probably caused by acquired behavioral and psychosocial disorders manifested by bladder and/or bowel dysfunction mimicking neurologic disease. Clinically, the symptom complex may include day and night time enuresis, encopresis, constipation, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Cystoscopy frequently demonstrates normal vesicourethral anatomy. Voiding films usually demonstarate a carrot-shaped proximal urethra with a persistent narrowing at the external sphincter. The bladder is large and often appears trabeculated with a thickened wall and significant postvoid residual. A 13-year-old male child was admitted due to fever, urinary tract infection, enuresis and flank pain. His neurologic examination was normal. Renal sonograms showed moderate hydronephrosis. Voiding cystourethrograms showed a huge, trabeculated bladder without vesicourethral reflux and urethral valves. No abnormal findings was found in spinal MRI.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2013

The human-associated microbiota is diverse, varies between individuals and body sites, and is important in human health. Microbes in human body play an essential role in immunity, health, and disease. The human microbiome has been studies using the advances of next-generation sequencing and its metagenomic applications. This has allowed investigation of the microbial composition in the human body, and identification of the functional genes expressed by this microbial community. The gut microbes have been found to be the most diverse and constitute the densest cell number in the human microbiota; thus, it has been studied more than other sites. Early results have indicated that the imbalances in gut microbiota are related to numerous disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, diabetes, and atopy. Clinical therapy involving modulating of the microbiota, such as fecal transplantation, has been applied, and its effects investigated in some diseases. Human microbiome studies form part of human genome projects, and understanding gleaned from studies increase the possibility of various applications including personalized medicine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.54-66
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antidiarrheal effects of Anjang-san in mice and rats. Methods: We measured the content of condensed tannin in Anjang-san extract, and observed the effects of Anjang-san on the small intestinal and colonic transport of mice, as well as on mice models of diarrhea induced by castor oil and $MgSO_4$, and on rat models of castor oil-induced enteropooling. Results: Anjang-san showed significant inhibitory effects on abnormally increased small intestinal transit induced by pyridostigmine and neostigmine, and inhibitory effects on large intestinal transit. Anjang-san also exhibited antidiarrheal effects on diarrhea induced by $MgSO_4$, and inhibitory effects on castor oil-induced enteropooling. Anjang-san also improved castor oil-induced diarrhea based on simple numbers without statistical significance. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Anjang-san has significant antidiarrheal properties and attests to its possible utility in functional diarrheas, irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal disorders based upon further studies.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2005

Health care providers working with IBS patients are challenged in that the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly defined and treatments are not universally effective (American College of Gastroenterology Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Task Force, 2002). Nurses often work with patients to identify factors provoking or alleviating symptoms and based on these observations hone strategies to manage symptoms. Understanding stress induced alterations in sleep and ANS function may provide important clues as to additional self-management strategies to test.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2011

Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) is a common complaint encountered in pediatric clinics and a great concern for patients and their caretakers as well as health care professionals. A constant challenge is detecting individuals with organic diseases or psychosomatic disorders from the majority of patients who have a functional disorder including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, and abdominal migraine. Beginning with a detailed history and physical examination, physicians must determine a differential diagnosis of CAP by applying the symptom-based Rome III criteria to positively identify a functional disorder. These findings should then be further analyzed based on diagnostic clues and red flags that indicate the presence of specific organic diseases and/or the need for further testing. Once a functional diagnosis has been made or an organic disease is suspected, physicians can initiate an empiric therapeutic trial. Since psychological distress accompanies both organic and non-organic abdominal pain in children, a cooperative diagnostic approach involving pediatricians and psychiatrists is recommended.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2006

Chronic recurrent abdominal pain is a common manifestation in children. Functional abdominal pain is the most common cause of chronic abdominal pain and can be diagnosed properly by the physician without the requirement of specific evaluation when there are no alarm symptoms or signs. Functional abdominal pain is categorized as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, abdominal migraine, and aerophagia, according to the Rome II criteria for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders. New concepts on the pathogenesis of functional abdominal pain include brain-gut interaction, visceral hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal dysmotility, inflammation, autonomic dysfunction, genetic predisposition, and triggering factors including psycho-social stress.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2013

The intestinal immune system has an ability to distinguish between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria, and then activate pro-inflammatory pathways against pathogens for host defense while remaining unresponsive to the microbiota and dietary antigens. In the intestine, abnormal activation of innate immunity causes development of several inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Thus, activity of innate immunity is finely regulated in the intestine. To date, multiple innate immune cells have been shown to maintain gut homeostasis by preventing inadequate adaptive immune responses in the murine intestine. Additionally, several innate immune subsets, which promote Th1 and Th17 responses and are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, have recently been identified in the human intestinal mucosa. The demonstration of both murine and human intestinal innate immune subsets contributing to regulation of adaptive immunity emphasizes the conserved innate immune functions across species and might promote development of the intestinal innate immunity-based clinical therapy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

A Case Report of Communication disorder associated with Post-stroke Objectives : The Objective Is the Report of Improvement in Communication Disorder Associated with Post-Stroke. Methods : Acupuncture And Medicinal Treatments Were Performed from 17th March 2006 until 8th April 2006. The Medicines Bangpungtongsung-san and Chungpesagan-tang Were Used to Improve Patient Bowel Movement. The Sa-Am Acupuncture Method Was Used to Improve Patient Communication Disorders. Every 5 Days Articulation Accuracy, Vowel Accuracy, Alternation and Speed of Reading Sentences Were Evaluated. Results : After 23 Days of Treatment There was Improvement of Articulation Accuracy, Alternation and Speed of Reading Sentences.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2003

연구목적: 구조적 변화를 동반하는 염증성장질환(inflammatory bowel disease)과 이를 동반하지 않는 기능성위장관질환(functional gastrointestinal disorder)의 정신병리를 비교하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔으며, 최근에는 감정표현불능증과 이들 질환과의 관련성에 대한 많은 연구가 있었으나, 지금까지의 비교 연구는 타당도가 인정된 척도의 부족과 기능성위장관질환의 진단의 혼란으로 결과의 분석에 한계가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이 두 가지 문제점을 보완하여 감정표현불능증의 정도를 비교 분석하고, 전반적 인격적 특성이나 기타 정신병리도 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법: 경북대학교 병원 내과에서 대장 내시경과 조직 검사를 통해서 확진되어 치료중인 궤양성대장염 환자 28명과, 기능성위장관질환의 국제 분류(Rome II Classification)의 진단 기준에 부합하는 과민성대장증후군 환자 27명과, 대조군 30명을 대상으로 타당도가 증명된 한국판 20항목 Toronto 감정표현불능증 척도(Korean Version of the 20-Item Alexithymia Scale, 이하 TAS-20K), Rorschach 검사, MMPI 검사를 실시하였다. 결 과: 조사된 궤양성대장염 환자의 25%와 과민성대장증후군환자의 22%에서 감정표현불능증이 있는 것으로 보였으나 대조군에서는 모두 정상 범위에 속했다. Rorschach 검사 결과 색채반응의 가중치총합(weighted Sum C)과 경험실제(EA)수치가 과민성대장증후군 환자에서 높았다. MMPI 검사 결과 궤양성대장염 환자와 과민성대장증후군 환자에서 대조군에 비해 다양한 임상 척도의 증가와 낮은 자아강도 척도를 보였으나 두 질환 군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론: 궤양성대장염환자와 과민성대장증후군 환자 두 군 모두 대조군에 비해 감정표현불능증의 유병률이 높으며 전반적인 정신병리의 수준이 높고 낮은 자아강도를 보이나, 이들 두 군 사이의 차이는 없었다.