• Title/Summary/Keyword: boundary tone

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Some Prosodic Characteristics of Flaccid Dysarthria (이완성 구음마비 환자의 운율적 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Su-Jung;Shin, Ji-Young;Kim, Kee-Ho
    • Speech Sciences
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.141-156
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    • 1998
  • In the previous studies, some characteristics of flaccid dysarthria patients have been studied mainly in two aspects: their difficulties in articulation and their metrical dysfunction. Therapeutic research on the articulation impediment of the patients have been carried out extensively (Yorkston, 1981). However, their phonetic characteristics have been less well-studied. The aim of this paper is to measure and describe some phonetic differences between the normal speaker group (six speakers) and the flaccid dysarthria patient group (six speakers in three different degreed of severity). Two types of short sentences comprising of subject-object-verb, i.e. declarative and yes-no question sentences, were recorded to investigate some phonetic characteristics of these two groups of speakers. The two groups (normal group vs. patient group) show differences in yes-no question boundary tone (H% vs. HL%), pitch range (wide vs. narrow), duration (short vs. long) and intensity (strong vs. weak) of sentence final verb endings in Korean.

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Disambiguation of Negative Sentences by Intonation (억양을 통한 부정문의 중의성 해소 방안 연구)

  • Kim, So-Hee;Kong, Eun-Jong;Kang, Sun-Mi;Lee, Yong-Jae
    • Speech Sciences
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.187-202
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    • 2000
  • The negative sentence may have an ambiguity depending on which constituent of the sentence is negated. In case of sentence final adverbials, whether they are included in the scope of negation generates the semantic ambiguity. Since sentences with ambiguous meanings have the same word order, the differences of the meanings in different contexts should be manifested with intonational cues. This article represents how intonation contributes to the disambiguation in negative sentences with ambiguity and which phonological/phonetic cues are specifically used in the course of the disambiguation.

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Prosodic Phrasing and Intonation Patterns in the Speech of Migrant Women from Multicultural Families (다문화가정 이주여성의 운율구 경계짓기와 억양패턴)

  • Jeong, Jin-Sook;Lee, Sook-Hyang
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.31 no.7
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    • pp.461-471
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this paper is to provide basic data for development of Korean teaching programs for immigrant women from multicultural families through the acoustic analysis of their prosodic phrasing and intonation pattern. The results showed that immigrant women showed some differences in most of the prosodic characteristics from a Korean women's group: Immigrant women realized the first word of a sentence in an intonational phrase while Korean women did in an accentual phrase. They also haven't yet correctly learned the tone type of the first of an accentual phrase which differs depending on the type of its first segment yet. As a result, they showed many diverse intonation patterns compared to Korean women. Furthermore, the immigrant women's groups showed some differences between them in a few prosodic characteristics. Philippine women, whose residence duration in Korea is relatively longer than that of Vietnamese women, were more similar to Korean women: Vietnamese women read a sentence with a larger number of intonational phrases than Philippine women did. And they realized sentence-final boundary tone of a yes-no question not only in 'H%' but also in 'HL%' while, like Korean women, Philippine women did only in 'H%'.

A Study of Origination and Genealogy on Street Style according to Anthropology (인류학적(人類學的) 분류(分類)에 따른 스트리트 스타일의 발생(發生)과 계보(系譜)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Young-Jae
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.183-203
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    • 2007
  • This study aims at providing useful fundamental information to re-establish the theories of modern fashion by examining the origination and genealogy of street style. The street styles focusing on caucasoid have a variety of genealogies such as western type, beat, teddy boy, hippie, skinhead, punk, neuron-mantic, indie kid, riot grrrl, grunge and techno cyber punk. In the same period, on the contrary, the streets styles focusing on negroid are zootie, hipster, modernist, rude boy, two-tone, rastafarian, funky, B-boy, fly girl, raggamuffine, bhangra, and acid jazz, which are seen as the culture of the large cities formed along Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean sea like England, America and Jamaica. These have root as the main fashion in western society. Ironically, most of the subculture concentrated on the whites were racists. Because of such a reason, the street styles have been formed as resistance culture that was unable to sympathize with their society and characteristics by distinguishing the whites and the colored people. Zootie or hipster that is one of the street fashion styles was formed in the 1940-50s, while the colored people who lived in the west Indies migrated to England or America. As a minimal modernist style called Ivy look in US, in that time, anti-culture formed by teenagers in whitey, teddy boy and mods fashion can be strictly different from the zootie and hipster. The colored people's street styles of the 1960s developed into aggressive and hard forms from the rude boy and two-tone while their resistance toward the whites was stronger. The rastafarian style researched the peak as the colored people's traditional ethnic characteristics or resistance intention for their freedom in the 1970s. In that time, The colored people's street styles of the 1960s developed into aggressive and hard forms from the rude boy and two-tone while their resistance toward the whites was stronger. The rastafarian style researched the peak as the colored people's traditional ethnic characteristics or resistance intention for their freedom in the 1970s. In that time, the street styles of the whites were mostly the skinhead or hippie. Most of them were racists toward the colored people. The punk type on shown on the whites focused on luxury and exaggerative costume. On the contrary, the funky style of the colored people focused on aggressive nihilism and form. With B-boy, fly girl, reggae, rap music, and break dancing in the 1980s, the subculture gradually told on the high fashion as well as the culture between the whites and the colored people. From such aspects, the colored people tried to maintain their unique traditional characteristics. However, their individual values surged by the coming young generation excluded the colored people's characteristic street styles. Focusing on gender, violence and private success among their major concerns, the raga muffin style that represents multi-races and multi-cultures was formed. The jazz style in the 1990s showed cold post-modernistic eclecticism different from that of the 1940s-50s. Simultaneously, the various classes appeared their street styles by emphasizing on each personality. Now that we are living in multi-cultural society, a human race or nationalism concept is getting obscurer. There is no obvious boundary line in the differences between human race and its fashion.

Enhanced Integrated Multi-scale Retinex based on CIELAB Color Space for Improving Color Reproduction (색 재현 개선을 위한 CIELAB 색 공간 기반의 향상된 Multi -scale Retinex)

  • Kyung, Wang-Jun;Lee, Tae-Hyoung;Lee, Cheol-Hee;Ha, Yeong-Ho
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, we propose the digital image enhancement method including local tone reproduction and preservation of the hue. In recent studies, an integrated multi-scale retinex (IMSR) has produced great naturalness in the resulting images through enhancement of visibility in dark area in input images. However, most methods, including IMSR, work in RGB color spaces. As such, this produces hue distortion from the perspective of the human visual system, that is, hue distortion in CIELAB color space. Accordingly, this paper proposes an tone reproduction and enhancement of saturation method in a device-independent color space, CIELAB, to preserve the hue and obtain a high contrast and naturalness. First, to achieve the desired objectives, the IMSR is then applied to only the $L^*$ values in CIELAB color space, normalization, and simple mapping function, thereby preserving the balance of the color components and enhancement of visibility. Then, saturation adjustment is performed by applying the ratio of the chroma variation at the sRGB gamut boundary according to the corrected luminance. In experiments, the proposed method is shown to improve the visibility in dark shadows and bright regions in the resulting images and reduce any color distortion then preference test are performed.

Boundary Zone Overlapping Scheme for Fast Handoff Based on Session Key Reuse (AAA MIP 환경에서 공유영역 기반 세션키 재사용을 통한 고속 핸드오프 방식 연구)

  • Choi, Yu-Mi;Chung, Min-Young;Choo, Hyun-Seung
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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    • v.12C no.4 s.100
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    • pp.481-488
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    • 2005
  • The Mobile W provides an efficient and scalable mechanism for host mobility within the Internet. However, the mobility implies higher security risks than static operations in fixed networks. In this paper, the Mobile IP has been adapted to allow AAA protocol that supports authentication, authorization, and accounting(AAA) for security and collection for accounting information of network usage by mobile nodes(MNs). For this goal, we Propose the boundary tone overlapped network structure while solidifying the security for the authentication of an MN. That is, the Proposed scheme delivers the session keys at the wired link for MN's security instead of the wireless one, so that it provides a fast and seamless handoff mechanism. According to the analysis of modeling result, the proposed mechanism compared to the existing session key reuse method is up to about $40\%$ better in terms of normalized surcharge for the handoff failure rate that considers handoff total time.

Estimation of Coastal Terrain Differences by time-series using GSIS and The chart (GSIS를 이용한 해안 지형의 시계열 변화량 추출)

  • 양인태;한성만;최승필
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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    • 2002.04a
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    • pp.219-228
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    • 2002
  • Because western sea on the shore development is threatening sea ecosystem by decrease of silt and large size land-reclamation work by industrialization causes surrounding weather change and sea change, generate much changes bottom of the sea topography and coastline. Also, is influencing to route for safe entry into port of ship, departure. Therefore, this research did 0m boundary line, anxiety 2m line which appear to coastline of land portion and the border of silt using sea base level of lowest low tone side that is base line that appear because of sea waves to basis data numerical value Tuesday, numerical value by divide drawing that is changed to 4 area and analyze change degree of new airport construction and new town development, seashore by western sea district along the coast development of tide embankment construction and so on and bottom of the sea recognize.

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Velocity and Spray Characteristics under Swirl Flows in a Model Combustor (모델연소기 선회유동장에서의 속도 및 분무특성)

  • Bae, C.S.;Lee, D.H.
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.42-50
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    • 1998
  • The effect of swirl flows un the fuel spray characteristics were investigated for various swillers in a model combustor. The interaction between the flow field and fuel spray in the main combustion tone made by frontal devices including fuel injection nozzles and swirlers. which were characterized by flow velocities, fuel droplet sizes and their distributions which were measured by APV(Adaptive Phase/Doppler Velocimetry) under atmospheric condition at 320cc/min kerosine fuel flow and 0.04kg/sec air supply. A dual swirler with circumferential two-stage swirl vanes of $40^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$ vanes in different directions and two single-stage swillers of $40^{\circ}$ vanes with 12 and 16 vanes were tested. It was found that the dual swirler has the largest recirculating zone with highest reverse flow velocity. The strongest swirl flow was found at the boundary of recirculation zone. Small fuel droplets were observed in the main axial stream and inside the recirculation zone when swirling flow field were generated by the frontal devices. These findings could give the tips on the optimal design of frontal devices to realize low emissions in gas turbine combustion.

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Gamut Mapping Using Variable Multiple Anchor Points for Continuous-Tone Color Reproduction (연속계조 칼라재현을 위한 가변 다중 닻점을 이용한 색역 사상)

  • Lee, Chae-Su;Lee, Cheol-Hui;Ha, Yeong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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    • v.36S no.8
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    • pp.55-64
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, new gamut-mapping algorithm (GMA) that utilizes variable anchor points (center of gravity on the luminance axis) is proposed. The proposed algorithm increases luminance range, which is reduced from conventional gamut mapping toward an anchor point. In this process, this algorithm utilizes multiple anchor points with constant slopes to both reduce a sudden color change on the gamut boundary of the printer and to maintain a uniform color change during the mapping process. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm can reproduce high quality images with low-cost color devices.

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Acoustic Phonetic Study about Focus Realization of wh-word Questions in Korean (국어 의문사${\cdot}$부정사 의문문의 초점 실현에 대한 음향음성학적 연구)

  • Park Mi-young;Ahn Byoung-seob
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • spring
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    • pp.289-292
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    • 2002
  • 국어에서 wh-단어가 포함된 의문사 의문문과 부정사 의문문은 통사적으로 같은 구조를 가지지만 의미적으로는 중의 관계에 있다. 그러나 두 의문문은 문장으로 발화될 때 음성적으로 서로 다른 여러 가지 운율 특징의 차이를 보여줌으로써, 발화 차원에서는 더 이상 중의 관계를 유지하지 않는다. 본고에서는 이러한 중의성의 해소는 두 의문문의 초점이 달리 실현되기 때문이라고 본다. 기존의 연구에서는 두 가지 의문문의 억양 연구를 초점의 작용 범위와 문말 억양의 차이, 강세구 형성의 유형을 중심으로 고찰하였다 .그리고 의문사와 부정사의 의미는, 이에 후행하는 서술어와 형성하는 강세구 유형에서 우선적으로 그 의미가 구분될 수 있다고 보았다. 그러나, 본고에서는 국어의 wh-단어가 초점으로서 작용하는 운율적 돋들림을 좀더 다양한 환경에서 실험하였다. 그리고 의문사${\cdot}$부정사와 후행하는 언어단위의 강세구 형성(accentual phrasing) 유형, 의문사${\cdot}$부정사 의문문 전체 문장 억양의 실현 양상, wh-단어 자체의 음의 높낮이(pitch contour) 실현 유형, 문말 억양(boundary tone)에서 음의 높낮이를 대상으로 분석하였다.

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