• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.669-675
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• 2005

Biological nitrate removal from groundwater was investigated in the biofilters packed with both gravel/sand and plastic media. Removal of particles and turbidity were also investigated in the 2-stage biofilter system consisted of biofilter and subsequent sand filter. In the single biofilter packed with gravel and sand, nitrate removal efficiency was dropped with the increase of filtration velocity and furthermore, nitrite concentration increased up to 3.2 mg-N/L at 60 m/day. Denitrification rate at the bottom layer below 25 cm was faster 8 times than upper layer in the up-flow biofilter. Nitrite build-up, due to the deficiency of organic electron donors, occurred at the upper layer of bed. Besides DO concentration and organic carbon, contact time in media was the main factor for nitrate removal in a biofilter. The most of the effluent particles from biofilter was in the range from 0.5 to $2.0{\mu}m$, which resulted in high turbidity of 1.8 NTU. However, sand filter followed by biofilter efficiently performed the removal of particles and turbidity, which could reduce the turbidity of final filtrate below 0.5 NTU. Influent nitrate was removed completely in the 2-stage biofilter and no nitrite was detected.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2013

This study performed the quantitative distribution analysis of created voids to an insulator when applying general flame and DC short-circuit current to 2.5 $mm^2$ HIV (600 V Grade Heat-Resistant Polyvinyl Chloride Insulated Wires). The diameter of cross-section of HIV normal product and the radius of conductor were measured to be 3.3 mm and 1.8 mm. The exterior of HIV exposed to general flame showed severe carbonization and its interior exhibited voids created by dechlorination reaction. This study observed the characteristics that, when the shortcircuit current applied for 2 seconds from a DC 12 V lead battery, the conductor and neighboring insulator were melted, causing the insulator adhering to the conductor. On average, 87 voids were created on 10 mm of the HIV. The average diameter of voids was 0.25 mm. In addition, it was found that, when the short-circuit current applied for 4 seconds, the interior of insulator in contact with conductor severely carbonized and showed exfoliation phenomenon. On average, 47 voids were created, with more voids at the bottom. The average diameter of voids was 0.20 mm. When the short-circuit current for 6 seconds, most parts of upper part of conductor was carbonized, 20 voids were created. The average diameter of voids was measured to be 0.24 mm. It could be seen that the created voids received little influence by the type of energy source and the number of created voids was reduced as the energy supply time increased.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.199-222
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• 1970

One of the biggest sulfide metallic (Cu, Pb, Zn) ore deposits of South Korea is located in the area of Seo-myeon, Shiheung-gun, Gyeonggi-do. Geology of the region is mostly composed of metasediments of biotite schist, graphite schist, injection gneiss, sericite schist, limesilicate and quartzite from bottom, those are applicable to so-called Yeoncheon System of Pre-Cambrian, and granodiorite, quartz porphyry, basic dykes are outcroped in a small scope as intrusives. The origin of the ore deposit is pyrometasomatic contact deposits due to hydrothermal replacement and the ore bodies are imbedded in lower bed of limesilicate formation as impregnation and ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, marmatite, chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, covellite, and the later two minerals are both hypogene and supergene. Gangue minerals are mostly skarn minerals those hornblende, diopside, epidote, hedenbergite, chlorite, garnet and quartz except primary calcite and quartz. Boundary plane (NS strike) between schists and limesilicate seemed to be primary opening of ore solution and fractures bearing $N50^{\circ}{\sim}80^{\circ}W$ are secondary structural control for localization of ore minerals and the third structural controls are both irregular gashes and schistosity in small scale. Photogeological study was carried with vertical aerial photo scaled 1: 38,000 and enlarged 1 : 10,000 under stereoscope. The study on the area convinced the fact that the geologic boundaries between rocks, limesilicates and quartzites, are traced easily by their typical topographic feature and drainage, and the main fracture patterns which derived from the result of fracture traces, that photogeologic lineament observed under stereoscope, are those bearing (1) $N20^{\circ}W$, (2) $N58^{\circ}W$, (3) $N76^{\circ}W$, (4) EW, (5) $N20^{\circ}W$, (6) $N62^{\circ}W$, (7) $N77^{\circ}W$. Among the written fractures, (5) (not schistosity, in case of fault) (6) (7) are post-mineral faults and others are pre-mineral faults and others are pre-mineral structures, and (2) (3) (6) (7) are coincided with statistical figure of 208 fractures surveyed in underground. By the result of the study, mineralized zone, are presumed to extend north and southward, total length about 4km.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2019

타정식 현수교의 중력식 앵커리지를 설계하는 데 있어, 지반과 콘크리트 앵커블록 사이에 작용하는 접촉 마찰력은 교량의 주케이블의 장력을 지지하는데 많은 기여를 하고 있기 때문에 콘크리트와 암반 사이 접촉면의 마찰 및 전단 저항 특성을 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 휴대용 레이저 스캐너를 활용하여 발파 바닥면을 스캐닝하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 3차원 모델링 및 거칠기를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 또한 발파 바닥암반 단면 데이터를 활용하여, 발파 바닥암반-콘크리트 경계면을 갖는 모델을 생성하였다. 동적파괴과정해석기법(DFPA-3D)를 활용하여, 해당 모델에 대한 직접 전단시험 모사를 수행하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 발파 바닥암반-콘크리트 접촉면에 대한 전단파괴 거동을 확인 및 분석하였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

Magnetocardiography (MCG) is a non-contact, non-invasive, and harmless diagnostic tool to detect the abnormal electrical conductivities of the heart caused by the various coronary artery disease or cardiac muscular disease. The purpose of this study is to identify whether MCG signals and MCG parameter values vary depending on the location of sensor assembly. It will be an important reference for the standard measurement. Four healthy male subjects (33.3$\pm$6.3 years) participated in this study. Basal recording was made at 20 mm apart from the chest surface. All subjects were requested to take a regular breathe while MCG was taken. The gap between the chest surface and the bottom of the sensor assembly was 20, 40, 60, and 80 mm. Recording was made using 64 channel MCG system (Axial type, first order gradiometer) developed by Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). After resting for two minutes in a supine position on the bed in magnetically shielded room, MCG were recorded for 30 s. As the sensor location is getting away from the chest surface signal, the amplitude of R and T wave peak decreases to 70% (at 40 mm gap), 50% (at 60 mm), and 37% (at 80 mm) of the reference strength measured (y = $1.3903e^{-0.0169x}$, $R^2$ = 0.99; where y=amplitude remained after reduction, x=distance between chest surface and sensor location). The regression equations may be used as a good reference to calculate how much strength will be decreased by the distance. In MCG parameters, most values of parameters were decreased as the gap was increased. As an example, the current moment at T-wave peak reduced to 52% (at 40 mm gap), 33% (at 60 mm), and 19% (at 80 mm). However, the difference caused by the gap could be reduced by considering the distance when the MCG parameters were calculated. The study results can be used as a useful reference to design the baseline and the sensor location.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.132-132
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• 2011

For the programming volume of PRAM, Ge2Sb2Te5(GST) thin films have been dominantly used and prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD). Among these methods, ALD is particularly considered as the most promising technique for the integration of PRAM because the ALD offers a superior conformality to PVD and CVD methods and a digital thickness control precisely to the atomic level since the film is deposited one atomic layer at a time. Meanwhile, although the IST has been already known as an optical data storage material, recently, it is known that the IST benefits multistate switching behavior, meaning that the IST-PRAM can be used for mutli-level coding, which is quite different and unique performance compared with the GST-PRAM. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate a possibility of the IST materials for the application of PRAM. So far there are many attempts to deposit the IST with MOCVD and PVD. However, it has not been reported that the IST can be deposited with the ALD method since the ALD reaction mechanism of metal organic precursors and the deposition parameters related with the ALD window are rarely known. Therefore, the main aim of this work is to demonstrate the ALD process for IST films with various precursors and the conformal filling of a nano size programming volume structure with the ALD?IST film for the integration. InSbTe (IST) thin films were deposited by ALD method with different precursors and deposition parameters and demonstrated conformal filling of the nano size programmable volume of cell structure for the integration of phase change random access memory (PRAM). The deposition rate and incubation time are 1.98 A/cycle and 25 cycle, respectively. The complete filling of nano size volume will be useful to fabricate the bottom contact type PRAM.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.206-219
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• 2011

포장 설계기준에서 중요한 요인은 응력과 변형률 분포도이다. 합리적인 응력과 변형률 분포도를 달성하기 위한 차량타이어의 접촉면적과 공기압은 매우중요하다. 본 연구에서는 이동하중 하에서 연성포장의 점탄성 특성에 관한 내용을 다루고 있으며 현장 측정시험을 통하여 실제 도로의 종횡변형률을 수치해석 결과와 비교분석 하였다. 포장거동에 대한 차량이동하중의 영향을 적절히 모사하기 위하여 단계하중을 이용한 3차원 유한요소 해석이 수행되었다. 점탄성 해석을 위하여 아스팔트 혼합물의 이완계수, E(t), 가 실험실에서 제작된 시료의 실험으로부터 측정되었다. 현장조사 결과에 의하면, 종횡변형률은 서로 상이한 값을 보였으며 전반적으로 변형률의 크기는 차량의 속도가 증가함에 따라 감소함을 보였다. 전반적으로 횡방향 변형률은 종방향 변형률에 비하여 작은값을 보였으며 그 차이는 횡방향에서 더욱 두드러진 경향을 보였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.905-912
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• 2011

In this study, the novel concept catalytic reactor was designed for water-gas shift reaction (WGS) under high pressure. The novel concept catalytic reactor was composed of an autoclave, the catalyst, and liquid water. Cu-ZnO/$Al_2O_3$ as the low temperature shift catalyst was used for WGS reaction. WGS in the novel concept catalytic reactor was carried out at the ranges of 150~$250^{\circ}C$ and 30~50 atm. The liquid water was filled at the bottom of the autoclave catalytic reactor and the catalyst of pellet type was located at the gas-liquid water interface. It was concluded that WGS reaction occurred over the surface of catalysts partially wetted with liquid water. The conversion of CO for WGS was also controlled with changing content of Cu and ZnO used as the catalytic active components. Meanwhile, the catalyst of honey comb type coated with Cu-ZnO/$Al_2O_3$ was used in order to increase the contact area between wet-surface of catalyst and the reactants of gas phase. It was confirmed from these experiments that $H_2$/CO ratio of the simulated coal gas increased from 0.5 to 0.8 by WGS at gas-liquid water interface over the wet surface of honey comb type catalyst at $250^{\circ}C$ and 50 atm.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2018

대부분의 은행은 고객 세분화를 위해 성별, 나이, 직업, 주소 등 인구통계정보만을 사용하고 있으나, 이는 고객의 다양한 금융행동 패턴을 반영하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 은행 내 다양한 빅데이터를 융합하여 문제점을 해결함과 동시에 향후 많은 은행에서 폭넓게 활용될 수 있는 고객 세분화 방법을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 블록을 만들어 이 블록을 클러스터링하는 상향식 방식의 세분화는 기법을 제안한다. 이 방식은 기존의 인구통계정보 뿐만 아니라 다양한 거래패턴, 채널접촉패턴에 기반을 둔 고객의 다양한 금융니즈를 정교하게 반영할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 세분화를 통해 고객의 금융니즈를 보다 정교하게 반영한 적정 동료그룹을 찾아 이를 기반으로 상품추천, 금융니즈 등급 산출, 고객이탈 예측 등 다양한 마케팅 모델을 개발하여 실제 농협은행 마케팅에 활용할 것이다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 고에너지 금속 알루미늄 군입자 연소 화염 분석을 위한 측정기법 개발 연구로서 스펙트로메터를 사용하여 화염 온도와 자발광 스펙트럼을 측정하였다. 마이크로 크기의 알루미늄 군입자 연소 반응시 발생하는 화염온도는 약 2400 K 이상의 초고온이므로 비접촉식 광학 계측 방법을 사용하였으며, 측정을 위해 개발된 기법은 520 nm, 640 nm를 사용하는 이색법을 응용한 방법과 광대역 파장 비교법으로서 각각의 방법은 정밀하게 검증 후 실험에 적용되었다. 연소실 하단에서 화염온도 측정결과 두 방법 모두 2400 K 이상의 화염온도를 확인할 수 있었으며 자발광 측정 결과 알루미늄 연소 반응시 가장 지배적으로 발생하는 화학종인 AlO를 확인할 수 있었다.