• 대한조선학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1971

Ship hulls obtained by the streamline tracing method usually have characteristically drooped keel lines at the bottom, and a flattening of these bottoms would contribute considerably in utilizing these analytically obtainable hull forms in practical usage. In this dissertation, the author deals with a study on the determination of a practical hull form by the streamline tracing method with a particular emphasis on the bottom flattening problem. Investigations are centered around the form and the terms of bottom doublet distribution. Several examples are computed by varying bottom doublet sheet systematically while the main side source distribution is kept the same. The following conclusions are obtained based on those computed results: after the strength of a bottom doublet sheet can be determined more easily and efficiently by employing the concept of a control plane. If the distance from the distributed plane of the bottom doublet sheet to the control plane is defined as the control distance, the strength of the bottom doublet sheet, the flatness of traced lines, and the increment of the beam length ratio by adding the bottom doublet sheet are all related to the control distance by linear equations near the design bottom. It is observed that a better result can be obtained by using a "line-sampling method" for ${\zeta}_K>2T/L$, and a "plane-sampling method" for ${\zeta}_K{\leq}2T/L$, provided that the check points are sampled in the range ${\xi}{\leq}0.7$.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2017

Earlier numerous studies have been done on implementation of Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD) for structural vibration control by many researchers. As per current review there is no significant study on a sloped bottom TLD. TLD's are passive devices. A TLD is a tank rigidly attached to the structure and filled partially by liquid. When fundamental linear sloshing frequency is tuned to structure's natural frequency large sloshing amplitude is expected. In this study set of experiments are conducted on flat bottom and sloped bottom TLD at beach slope $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$, for different types of structures, mass ratio, and depth ratio to investigate the overall effectiveness of TLD and specific effect of TLD parameters on structural response. This experimental study shows that a properly designed TLD reduces structural response. It is also observed that effectiveness of TLD increases with increase in mass ratio. In this experimental study an effectiveness of sloped bottom TLD with beach slope $30^{\circ}$ is investigated and compared with that of flat bottom TLD in reducing the structural response. It is observed from this study that efficiency of sloped bottom TLD in reducing the response of structure is more as compared to that of flat bottom TLD. It is shown that there is good agreement between numerical simulation of flat bottom and sloped bottom TLD and its experimental results. Also an attempt has been made to investigate the effectiveness of sloped bottom TLD with beach slope $20^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.441-450
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• 2000

In order to improve the water quality in semi-enclosed bays, Gug et al. (1997) have proposed a new method to activate the tidal exchange by creation and control of tidal residual current through the addition of artificial elements to creation and control of tidal residual current through the addition of artificial elements to create bottom roughness, so, ot is advisable to arrange as few of these as possible from a point of cost-benefit view. This paper attempts to develop the most suitable shape of artificial bottom roughness units with which to create and control an optimal tidal residual current. Several simple shapes were examined as fundamental cases. Subsequently 38 types of artificial bottom roughness units based on a few simple effective shapes, were examined experimentally. As a result of this research, two types to create artificial roughness.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.124-128
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of incubation methods and transfer timings on the hatching rate of fertilized eggs of the river puffer Takifugu obscurus. Four incubation methods were tested, a) control (fertilized eggs attached to the glass plate), b) bottom (fertilized eggs spread on the bottom of the tank without any treatment), c) S-bottom (removing the stickiness of the fertilized eggs, and then spreading the eggs on the bottom of the tank), and d) incubator (removing the stickiness of the fertilized eggs, and then incubating the eggs in an incubator). Additionally, four transfer timings were tested: a) control (no transfer from the incubation tank), b) zygote (fertilized eggs transferred at the zygote stage), c) segmentation (fertilized eggs transferred at the segmentation stage), and d) pharygula (fertilized eggs transferred at the pharygula state). The results showed that the hatching rate of incubator was significantly higher than those of control, bottom, and glass (P<0.05). The results also showed that the hatching rates of control and pharygula were significantly higher than those of zygote and segmentation (P<0.05).

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2019

Recently, bottom-up information systems (BUIS), developed according to the requirements of individual user departments, have become popular. However, effective management of BUIS projects is not enough, with many organizations having experienced integration challenges with such individual projects. BUIS projects are relatively small and limited in scope, as opposed to the large, complex systems developed through traditional top-down information system development projects. Due to these differences in characteristics, the control modes as well as the aspects to improve development performance in each type of project are also different. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the results of prior research on control in system development projects to improve BUIS project performance. The purpose of this study is to derive a new theory of control to improve BUIS project performance. The results contribute to the improvement of firm performance through effective control of BUIS projects in modern enterprises.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2016

The bottom of dikes must be kept impermeable to control hazardous chemicals spilled from storage tanks. Currently, insufficient related chemical control laws lead to a possibility to spread through the bottom. Generally, due to the high cost of installation and periodical maintenance, many businesses prefer to install the bottom with general concrete. But, since the impermeability of concrete is dependent on the kind of materials and chemical reaction, all concrete cannot be considered as impermeable material. Thus, it is necessary to make the installation standards of the dike bottom clear in order to avoid the argument over the impermeability and prevent the chemical accident. This study has suggested the standards of impermeable concrete by conducting 7-day exposure test to crude oil with the pilot dikes. The results have showed that the standards have the better impermeable performance compared with the germany standard, which have been penetrated at the maximum penetration depth of 1.9 cm. This study is expected to contribute to both the risk reduction of penetrating into the bottom and the cost reduction of spending to make the bottom of dikes impermeable.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1397-1399
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• 2002

Effects of bottom electrode materials (Al, Cu, Ti, and Mo), included in film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs), on the orientation of piezoelectric AlN thin films and the frequency response characteristic of resonators were investigated. The texture coefficient (TC) for (002) orientation, crystallite size, full width half maximum (FWHM), and surface roughness of deposited AlN films were measured for the various bottom electrodes. The return tosses estimated from the frequency responses of fabricated resonators were also compared. Experimental results showed that the difference of lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient between the bottom electrode and the AlN film were the most important factors for achieving a high performance resonator.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.669-672
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• 2008

바텀애시는 미연소탄소 함량이 높고 활성도가 낮아 활용에 있어 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 실험에서는 바텀애시의 활용도를 높이고자 미연소탄소분을 제어함으로써 바텀애시의 성능을 높이고자 하였다. 분급을 통하여 바텀애시의 강열감량은 4.5%로 조절하였다. OPC에 바텀애시를 10%, 20%, 30%로 혼입할 경우 혼입율의 증가에 따라 강도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 미연탄소분을 제어한 바텀애시 배합의 경우 원시료상태의 바텀애시보다 6%가량 증진되는 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2003년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.61-65
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• 2003

Bottom ash among the coal ash is not used because of its poor properties. But encouraging the use of bottom ash as a construction material is a sensible method of utilization as it avoids the problems and costs associated with disposal and provides an alternative aggregate source. This study was aimed at using bottom ash as an alternative fine aggregate source to provide a solution to disposal and insufficient fine aggregate for the production of concrete. So properties of domestic bottom ash were estimated due to the difference of each domestic bottom ash. And compressive strength and durability were estimated as basic data to use bottom ash in building industries. As a result of the experiment, the very porous surface and angular shape of the bottom ash particles necessitate a higher apparent water-cement ratio. And due to the higher water requirement, the compressive strength and durability of mortar is lower than those of the control samples. But when 25 percent of the total dry weight of the natural fine aggregate was replaced by bottom ash, the engineering characteristics were similar.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 2단 베드 벤치 시스템에서 딸기를 재배하는 동안 상단베드에 의한 차광으로 광량 부족한 하단 베드에서 자란 딸기의 생산량 및 과일 품질에 LED 보광의 영향을 확인하기 위한 것이다. 딸기 전용상토로 충진된 2단 베드 벤치에 2015년 10월부터 2016년 1월까지 점적 관수로 딸기를 재배하였다. LED 광이 처리되지 않은 상단과 하단 베드를 대조구로 이용하였고, LED 광 처리를 위해서 오전 10시부터 오후 4시까지 하단 베드에 각각 청색, 적색, 그리고 청색과 적색을 혼합한 LED 광을 $100{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 광량으로 보광 하였다. 딸기의 수확량에 있어서, 하단 베드의 청색 LED 보광된 처리에서 자란 딸기는 하단 부분 대조구와 비교하여 유의하게 증가되었으며, 상단 베드 대조구에서 자란 딸기 생산량의 90% 수준까지 증가되었다. 청색 및 혼합 LED와 상단베드에서 생육된 딸기 과일의 유리당 함량은 적색 LED와 하단 베드 부위 대조구에 비하여 높았다. 안토시아닌의 함량은 자연 광을 많이 받는 상단 베드에서 생육된 딸기 과일이 가장 높았지만, 하단베드 처리만을 비교하할 때, LED를 보광한 모든 딸기과일이 보광하지 않은 하단 부분의 대구조의 딸기 과일보다 높았다. 따라서 딸기 2단 베드 재배 시 하단 베드에 청색 LED 보광이 생산 증대 및 품질 향상에 유리할 것으로 판단된다.