• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1642-1649
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation on the growth performance, nutrients utilization and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks (n=480) were equally devided into eight treatment groups and fed maize or wheat based isocaloric, isonitrogenous and isocalcium diets having two non phytate phosphorus (NPP) concentrations (0.50% and 0.30%) and two phytase levels (0 and 500 phytase units/kg diet) in a 42 days growth trial. Maize based dietary treatments were MC (NPP 0.50%, MN (NPP 0.30%), MNP (MN+500 units of phytase) and MCP (MC+500 units of phytase), whereas wheat based experimental diets were WC (NPP 0.50%), WN (NPP 0.30%), WNP (WN+500 units of phytase) and WCP (WC+500 units of phytase). The NPP levels were maintained by dicalcium phosphate. Reduction in dietary NPP depressed live weight gain and feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR). Phytase supplementation to low NPP (0.30%) diets significantly (p<0.05) improved the growth performances of broilers. The supplementation to low NPP diets allowed complete, safe and economic replacement of dietary inorganic P (dicalcium phosphate) to reduce feed cost per kg live weight gain of broilers. Reduction in dietary NPP did not affect retention of nutrients except phosphorus (P) but had a significant (p<0.05) depression in tibia ash and minerals (Ca, P) concentration in serum and tibia ash. Phytase supplementation at low NPP level was effective (p<0.05) in improving the retention of dry matter, Ca and P and Ca and P concentration in serum and tibia ash. However, the supplementation was not effective at high level of NPP (0.50%). There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in carcass quality among dietary treatments. The response of phytase was greater in low NPP and maize based diets as compared with high NPP and wheat based diets, respectively. The results show that phytase supplementation to low NPP (0.30%) diets improved the growth performance, relative retention of nutrients (N, Ca and P) and minerals (Ca, P) status of blood and bone in broiler chickens, with a better efficacy in maize based diets.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2020

Purpose: Little is known regarding the accuracy of clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols with acceptable scan times in sinus graft assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between MRI and cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) measurements of maxillary sinus grafts using 2 different clinical MRI imaging protocols. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 patients who underwent unilateral sinus lift surgery with biphasic calcium phosphate were included in this study. CBCT, T1-weighted MRI, and T2-weighted MRI scans were taken 6 months after sinus lift surgery. Linear measurements of the maximum height and buccolingual width in coronal images, as well as the maximum anteroposterior depth in sagittal images, were performed by 2 trained observers using CBCT and MRI Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine files. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was also performed to confirm the presence of bone tissue in the grafted area. Correlations between MRI and CBCT measurements were assessed with the Pearson test. Results: Significant correlations between CBCT and MRI were found for sinus graft height (T1-weighted, r=0.711 and P<0.05; T2-weighted, r=0.713 and P<0.05), buccolingual width (T1-weighted, r=0.892 and P<0.05; T2-weighted, r=0.956 and P<0.05), and anteroposterior depth (T1-weighted, r=0.731 and P<0.05; T2-weighted, r=0.873 and P<0.05). The presence of bone tissue in the grafted areas was confirmed via micro-CT. Conclusion: Both MRI pulse sequences tested can be used for sinus graft measurements, as strong correlations with CBCT were found. However, correlations between T2-weighted MRI and CBCT were slightly higher than those between T1-weighted MRI and CBCT.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-50
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ashed tooth powder is utilized as an alternative material of the implant to recovery the bony defect. For this purpose its biocompatibility was evaluated comparing to the synthetic calcium phosphate compounds, such as Syntograft and Calcitite, as well as the vacuum firing porcelain (Ceramco Inc.) which is anticipated to use as a matrix to aid sintering. Bony defects to exposure the bone marrow, $3{\times}5$ mm in size, were created in the right and left tibias of fifteen rabbits, and then the ashed tooth powder at $950^{\circ}C$, the porcelain powder, Syhtograft and Calcitite were inserted in the defects of twelve rabbits of the experimental group and the blood clot only was filled in the defects of three rabbits of the control group. The experimental and control rabbits were sacrificed at 1st, 2nd 3rd week after implantation and the histologic examination was performed. The ashed tooth powder in order to make the needed form of the implant was molded using the cylindrical mold 1 cm high, 1 cm in diameter under the pressure of $1000kg/cm^2$ and the ashed tooth powder was sintered at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and the mixture of the porcelain powder and the ashed tooth powder at the weight ratio of 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6 were molded in the same manner and were sintered at $925^{\circ}C$. From this sintered material, square shaped implants were prepared in the dimension of $2{\times}4{\times}6mm$. The prepared implants were surgically placed in the subperiosteum of lateral surfaces of the right and left mandibular bodies. The dogs were sacrificed at 4 weeks, and then the specimens were examined using the light and scanning electron microscopes. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. Any inflammatory response was not noted after implanting of the ashed tooth powder, Syntograft, Calcitite and the porcelain powder during the whole experimental period after implantation. 2. Induction of the new bone formation was significantly shown in the ashed tooth powder, Syntograft and Calcitite. 3. The more the porcelain powder was contained in the implants, the more the porosity was and the bigger the pore size was under the scanning electron microscope. And there was ingrowing of the fibrous connective and the osteoid tissue. 4. The osteoid tissues were found to be directly fused to the implant of the ashed tooth powder, and the mixture implant of the porcelain powder and the ashed tooth powder at the weight ratio of 4:6 under the light and scanning electron microscopes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1145-1151
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-$D_3$) to cholecalciferol (vitamin $D_3$) in 1- to 21-d-old broiler chickens fed with calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets. On the day of hatch, 450 female Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to nine treatments, with five replicates of ten birds each. The basal diet contained 0.50% Ca and 0.25% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and was not supplemented with vitamin D. Vitamin $D_3$ was fed at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and $20.0{\mu}g/kg$, and 25-OH-$D_3$ was fed at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and $10.0{\mu}g/kg$. The RBV of 25-OH-$D_3$ was determined using vitamin $D_3$ as the standard source by the slope ratio method. Vitamin $D_3$ and 25-OH-$D_3$ intake was used as the independent variable for regression analysis. The linear relationships between the level of vitamin $D_3$ or 25-OH-$D_3$ and body weight gain (BWG) and the weight, length, ash weight, and the percentage of ash, Ca, and P in femur, tibia, and metatarsus of broiler chickens were observed. Using BWG as the criterion, the RBV value of 25-OH-$D_3$ to vitamin $D_3$ was 1.85. Using the mineralization of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus as criteria, the RBV of 25-OH-$D_3$ to vitamin $D_3$ ranged from 1.82 to 2.45, 1.86 to 2.52, and 1.65 to 2.05, respectively. These data indicate that 25-OH-$D_3$ is approximately 2.03 times as active as vitamin $D_3$ in promoting growth performance and bone mineralization in broiler chicken diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.933-938
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to study the laying performance, shell quality, bone mineralization, hatchability of eggs and performance of progeny (weight at day one and 14 d of age, P content in day old chick, leg score and survivability of chicks) of synthetic broiler breeders fed different levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). Six levels of NPP (1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 3.6 and 4.2 g/kg diet) at a constant calcium (Ca) level (30 g/kg) in a maize-soya-deoiled rice bran based diet were tested. Levels of dicalcium phosphate, shell grit and deoiled rice bran were adjusted to achieve the desired levels of NPP and Ca. Each level of NPP was fed with a weighed quantity of feed (160 g/b/d) to 40 female broiler breeders from 25 to 40 weeks of age housed in individual cages. Each bird was considered as a replicate. Egg production, feed/egg mass, body weight, egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, egg specific gravity, serum Ca content and tibia breaking strength were not influenced (p>0.05) by the variation in dietary NPP levels tested. Increasing the dietary levels of NPP did not influence the hatchability of eggs, phosphorus (P) contents both in egg yolk and day old chick, chick body weight at day one and 14 d of age, leg score and survivability of chicks up to 14 d of age. Maximum response ($p{\leq}0.01$) in shell breaking strength, tibia ash and serum inorganic P contents were observed at NPP levels of 2.09, 2.25 and 3.50 g per kg diet, respectively. The retention of Ca increased, while the P retention decreased ($p{\leq}0.01$) with increasing dietary levels of NPP. Though maximum responses in shell breaking strength, bone ash and serum inorganic P were observed at NPP higher than 1.2 g/kg diet, the broiler breeder performance in terms of egg production, shell quality, hatchability of eggs and progeny performance and their survivability was not influenced by dietary NPP concentrations. It is concluded that synthetic broiler breeders maintained in cages do not require more than 1.2 g NPP/kg diet with a daily intake of 192 mg NPP/b/d during 24 to 40 weeks of age.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1991

Fibrin Sealants 는 과거 간, 비장, 신장등의 일반외과 수술에서 단순한 외과적 봉합으로는 해결하지 못하는 넓은 면적의 조직의 유착을 위하여 1940 년경 부터 개발되기 시작한 것으로 악안면 영역에서는 1970 년대 중반부터 미세신경접합술과 피부이식을 위하여 사용되기 시작한 후, 현재, 골이식후의 골세편의 고정, 혈관봉합술, 연조직에서 조직들의 유착과 지혈, 그리고 혈관종의 치유등을 목적으로도 광범위하게 연구되고 사용되고 있다. 이것은 인체에서 채취한 혈액응고인자 XIII 을 포함하는 Fibrinogen 성분과, 소에서 추출한 Thrombin 의 두가지 주요 성분으로 구성되며, Fibrinogen 용해제인 Aprotinin 액과 Thrombin 용해제인 염화칼슘액과 함께 네부분으로 구성된다. 각제품에 따라 그리고 사용된 농도에 따라 차이는 있으나, 대개 수분후에 조직이 응고되어 달라붙기 시작하고, 수시간후에 최대접착효과에 도달하며, 응고된 접착효과는 12 일에서 15 일간 유지되고 그후 정상적인 섬유소분해작용과 식세포활동에 의하여 분해된다. 저자는최근 6 개월간 서울대학교병원 구강악안면외과에서 28 명의 각종 질환 및 기형 환자에서 미세신경봉합술, 피부이식, 악교정성형술과 구개파열 또는 하악골 재건을 요하는 환자의 골이식후의 골세편의 고정, 경부곽청술이나 종양제거술후 각종 피부판 또는 근피판을 이용한 연조직의 적합, 혈관종의 처치, 후이개접근 법에 의한 악관절수술후의 외이도의 접합등 다양한 목적을 위하여 적용된 Fibrin Sealants 를 사용하여 양호한 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2014

목적: 비스포스포네이트는 스테로이드 유발성 골다공증을 앓고 있는 환자의 치료에 널리 사용되어 왔다. 비스포스포네이트의 사용이 증가되면서 성장 중인 뼈에서 보이는 방사선학적 이상 소견에 대한 몇몇 보고가 있었다. 그래서 소아 환자에서 비스포스포네이트를 사용하는 것에 대해서는 논란의 여지가 있다. 이번 연구는 신병증을 가진 소아 환자에서 파미드로네이트 치료를 했을 때 발생한 방사선학적 이상 소견, 특히 골간단 경화성 선을 장기간 추적 관찰한 결과를 알기 위한 것이다. 방법: 경구로 칼슘제와 파미드로네이트(용량: 매일 100 mg)를 복용한 24명의 신병증 환아(평균 복용 기간: 9개월)를 후향적으로 연구하였다. 모든 대상 환아는 신병증에 대한 치료로 장기간 스테로이드 치료를 받았기 때문에 스테로이드 유발성 골다공증을 앓고 있었다. 파미드로네이트 치료 전에 장골의 방사선 사진을 촬영하였으며 수년간 추적 관찰 하였다. 뼈의 성장 속도는 검사를 시행한 시간 간격에 따라 방사선 사진 상에서 경화성 선이 이동한 거리를 측정하여 계산하였다. 결과: 평균 추적 관찰 기간은 138개월이었다. 장골의 방사선 사진 상, 모든 환자에서 골간단의 끝부분에서 뚜렷한 경화성 선이 관찰 되었으며 이 경화성 선은 성장판에서 골간쪽으로 점점 이동하였다 경화성 선의 평균 이동 속도는 6.21 mm/년이었다. 24명 중 12명의 환자에서는 경화성선이 완전히 사라졌다. 그리고 평균 키의 성장 속도는 7.33 cm/년이었다. 결론: 이번 연구에서 장기간 동안 추적 관찰한 결과 파미드로네이트 치료와 연관된 골간단부의 경화성 선은 뼈 성장에 영향을 주지 않았으며 점점 없어지는 경향을 보였다. 그러므로 신병증을 가진 소아 환자에서 스테로이드 유발성 골다공증을 비스포스포네이트로 치료하는 것은 안전한 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 좀 더 많은 수의 환자를 대상으로 하는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2005

Bioflavone quercetin is thought to have an important role to inhibit bone loss by affecting osteoclastogenesis and regulating a number of systemic and local factors such as hormones and cytokines. In this study, we examined how quercetin acts on cytokine production and mineralization of osteoblast in the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha $(TNF-{\alpha})$ which has been known to play a pivotal role in bone metabolic diseases. Quercetin inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ secretion of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-6 in differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells. As indicated by the markers that are characteristics of the osteoblast phenotype, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition, quercetin treatment slightly prevented the $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ dramatic inhibition of differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. Further, quercetin inhibited the production of nitric oxide induced by $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that quercetin inhibites $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ secretion of inflammatory cytokines in differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells without any cytotoxic effects.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.724-731
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• 2015

중간엽줄기세포는 성체줄기세포의 한 종류로, 자기재생산능력(self-renwal)과 다분화능(multipotency)을 가지고 있고, 다양한 자양인자(trophic factors)들을 분비한다. 뿐만 아니라, 중간엽줄기세포는 골수, 지방, 탯줄과 같은 조직에서 쉽게 얻을 수 있기 때문에 줄기세포치료에 좋은 도구로 이용되고 있다. 하지만, 줄기세포치료의 효율성을 높이기 위해 추출한 세포의 개체 수를 늘리는 과정에서 중간엽줄기세포는 점차적인 노화를 겪게 되고, 이는 줄기세포 자체의 기능적인 감소를 야기한다. 인체 내에서, 노화된 줄기세포는 조직 내의 항상성 유지에 부정적인 영향 을 미치게 되고, 이러한 상태가 지속되면 대표적인 노인성 질환인 퇴행성 질환의 원인이 된다. 최근 연구들에 의하면 중간엽줄기세포가 노화를 겪을 때, 노화 관련된 DNA 메틸화 패턴의 변화와 히스톤의 변형이 일어남을 확인하였다. 또한, 중간엽줄기세포의 노화에 있어서 DNA 메틸화효소(DNA methyltransferase) 억제제와 히스톤 아세틸화효소(histone deacetylase) 억제제가 부분적으로 노화를 개선하는 효과를 관찰한 연구사례들이 있다. 본 총설에서는, 노화에 따른 후생유전학적인 변화에 의해, 조절되는 노화 관련 유전자들과 중간엽줄기세포의 노화에 대한 연구사례들을 분석하여 서술하고자 한다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.43.1-43.11
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• 2020

Capicua (CIC) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates several developmental processes. CIC deficiency results in lymphoproliferative autoimmunity accompanied by expansion of CD44^hiCD62L^lo effector/memory and follicular Th cell populations. Deletion of Cic alleles in hematopoietic stem cells (Vav1-Cre-mediated knockout of Cic) causes more severe autoimmunity than that caused by the knockout of Cic in CD4⁺CD8⁺ double positive thymocytes (Cd4-Cre-mediated knockout of Cic). In this study, we compared splenic CD4⁺ T cell activation and proliferation between whole immune cell-specific Cic-null (Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre) and T cell-specific Cic-null (Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre) mice. Hyperactivation and hyperproliferation of CD4⁺ T cells were more apparent in Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre mice than in Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre mice. Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre CD4⁺ T cells more rapidly proliferated and secreted larger amounts of IL-2 upon TCR stimulation than did Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre CD4⁺ T cells, while the TCR stimulation-induced activation of the TCR signaling cascade and calcium flux were comparable between them. Mixed wild-type and Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre bone marrow chimeras also exhibited more apparent hyperactivation and hyperproliferation of Cic-deficient CD4⁺ T cells than did mixed wild-type and Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre bone marrow chimeras. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CIC deficiency at the beginning of T cell development endows peripheral CD4⁺ T cells with enhanced T cell activation and proliferative capability.