• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.398-403
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• 2001

There is a potential usability of electric arc furnace(EAF) dust produced during the iron manufacturing process as a recycled resource, because valuable materials such as Zn, Pb and Fe are contained in it. In this study, metallic Zn was recycled from the fine electric arc furnace dust by a solid state reduction method using carbon at relatively low temperature. It was possible to recover metallic zinc by using of high vapour pressure of zinc with this reduction method. The feasibility of recycled zinc for cold bonded pellet(CBP) was investigated. The main composition of EAF dust were franklinite(ZnFe$_2$O$_4$), magnetite(Fe$_3$O$_4$) and zincite(ZnO), and Pb and Cl were completely removed by a heat treatment in oxidation environment. The reduction ratio increased as the solid carbon content increased, and it increased with decreasing of dust particle size and increasing of compaction pressure due to a increase of contact area.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 2005

Reflecting the fact that there are increasing number of old high-story apartment structures in urban area, it is expected that the demand of blasting demolition will increase in the near future. It is of great important to make up for the insufficient empirical knowledge in blasting demolition through priori method such as computer simulation. Computer simulation of the blasting demolition involves complicated process. In the past domestic researches, two-dimensional bonded particle model was used to examine the overall demolition behavior of a five-story simple structure. It was observed that the two-dimensional simulation did not properly simulate the collapsing behavior of a structure mainly due to the reduced degree of freedom. In this study, three-dimensional simulation was tried. It consumed a great amount of calculation time, which limited the extent of the study. A few parameters, such as delay times, amount of charge at each hole, ball properties, were modified in order to check oui; their effect on the collapsing behavior. The differences were observed as expected but the collapsing behavior did not exactly coincide with the test blasting with a scaled model.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of surface treatments on shear bond strength of resin composite bonded to thermocycled and non-thermocycled CAD/CAM resin-ceramic hybrid materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 120 specimens ($10{\times}10{\times}2mm$) from each material were divided into 12 groups according to different surface treatments in combination with thermal aging procedures. Surface treatment methods were airborne-particle abrasion (abraded with 50 micron alumina particles), dry grinding (grinded with $125{\mu}m$ grain size bur), and hydrofluoric acid (9%) and silane application. According to the thermocycling procedure, the groups were assigned as non-thermocycled, thermocycled after packing composites, and thermocycled before packing composites. The average surface roughness of the non-thermocycled specimens were measured after surface treatments. After packing composites and thermocycling procedures, shear bond strength (SBS) of the specimens were tested. The results of surface roughness were statistically analyzed by 2-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and SBS results were statistically analyzed by 3-way ANOVA. RESULTS. Surface roughness of GC were significantly lower than that of LU and VE (P<.05). The highest surface roughness was observed for dry grinding group, followed by airborne particle abraded group (P<.05). Comparing the materials within the same surface treatment method revealed that untreated surfaces generally showed lower SBS values. The values of untreated LU specimens showed significantly different SBS values compared to those of other surface treatment groups (P<.05). CONCLUSION. SBS was affected by surface treatments. Thermocycling did not have any effect on the SBS of the materials except acid and silane applied GC specimens, which were subjected to thermocycling before packing of the composite resin.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nano-structured alumina surface coating on shear bond strength between Y-TZP ceramic and various dual-cured resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 90 disk-shaped zirconia specimens (HASS CO., Gangneung, Korea) were divided into three groups by surface treatment method: (1) airborne particle abrasion, (2) tribochemicalsilica coating, and (3) nano-structured alumina coating. Each group was categorized into three subgroups of ten specimens and bonded with three different types of dual-cured resin cements. After thermocycling, shear bond strength was measured and failure modes were observed through FE-SEM. Two-way ANOVA and the Tukey's HSD test were performed to determine the effects of surface treatment method and type of cement on bond strength (P<.05). To confirm the correlation of surface treatment and failure mode, the Chi-square test was used. RESULTS. Groups treated with the nano-structured alumina coating showed significantly higher shear bond strength compared to other groups treated with airborne particle abrasion or tribochemical silica coating. Clearfil SA Luting showed a significantly higher shear bond strength compared to RelyX ARC and RelyX Unicem. The cohesive failure mode was observed to be dominant in the groups treated with nano-structured alumina coating, while the adhesive failure mode was prevalent in the groups treated with either airborne particle abrasion or tribochemical silica coating. CONCLUSION. Nano-structured alumina coating is an effective zirconia surface treatment method for enhancing the bond strength between Y-TZP ceramic and various dual-cured resin cements.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.531-533
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• 2000

In compared with air insulated switchgear, GIS has a high efficiency and confidence So the transformer substation can be reduced the size to 1/10. Insulation method using $SF_6$ gas has a very excellent insulation characteristics for high pressure equipment but has a characteristics that insulation heredity is changed for internal unequal electric field. So analysis of electromagnetic field in GIS is very important basic data for structure design and trouble diagnosis process. In compared with established method, SNM in this paper observes variation of the electromagnetic field with real time and get result very similar to measurement. In order to know the variation of electromagnetic field distribution for transient response for time and position, variations are observed when the spacer is bonded and metal particles are moving fast.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1729-1731
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• 2008

Colloidal solutions of crystalline PbSe nanoparticles have been synthesized by hot solution chemical process using PbO in oleic acid and tributylphosphine (TBP) bonded selenium. The use of TBP as a capping agent along with oleic acid gives a very good yield (around 10% at 180 ${^{\circ}C}$) with an average diameter of particle of about < 6.6 nm. The effects of temperature on size and production yield of PbSe quantum dots are studied. Xray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and UV/VIS/NIR absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.948-954
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• 2002

Porous reaction bonded SiC with high fracture strength was developed using Si melt infiltration method for use of the support layer in high temperature gas filter that is essential to develop the next generation power system such as integrated gasification combined cycle system. The porosity and pore size of porous RBSC developed in this study were in the range of 32∼36% and 37∼90 ${\mu}m$ respectively and the maximum fracture strength of porous RBSC fabricated was 120 MPa. The fracture strength and thermal shock resistance of porous RBSC fabricated by Si melt infiltration were much improved compared to those of commercially available porous clay bonded SiC due to the formation of the strong SiC/Si interface between SiC particles. The characteristics of pore structure of porous RBSC was varied depending on the amounts of residual Si as Well as the size of SiC particle used in green body.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 1997

Using aluminum powder with average particle size of 22.1 $\mu$m, aluminum compact made by Pressureless Powder Packing Method showed 52% green density. The activation energy of aluminum oxidation was cal-culated from the weight change of TG, and it was varied in the range of 16~64 kJ/mol. It was found from the variation of the activation energy and the observation of the microstructure that oxidation was de-pendent on the destruction of oxide film and the melt-out of aluminum. Aluminum compact was reaction-bonded at 1000~140$0^{\circ}C$ for 4~60hrs, and oxidation was dependent on temperature rather than time. Reac-tion-bonded aluminum oxide at 140$0^{\circ}C$ for 60hrs showed 92% oxidation percent. It was sintered at 1$600^{\circ}C$ for 15hrs and the sintered body showed 62% relative density.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.92-96
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• 2004

In this paper, polishing method using bonded magnetic abrasive particle has been applied to the micro mold polishing. Through process control using the Run-to-Run control, it tried to form the surface roughness In order to grasp the influence of the surface roughness which is reached by selection of control factor and the factor, a design of experiment was been processed. The study is processed with a purpose of to embody and to maintain the surface roughness of nano scale by the basis of an influence between a control factor and the factors which has been selected in this way. As a result, the result of the process control converged at a target value of surface roughness Ra 10nm and Rmax 50nm

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.655-661
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• 1999

${\beta}$-SiC formation mechanism in Si melt-C-SiC system with varying in size of carbon source was investigated. A continuous reaction sintering process using Si melt infiltration method was adopted to control the reaction sintering time effectively. It was found that ${\beta}$-SiC formation mechanism in Si melt-C-SiC system was directly affected by the size of carbon source. In the Si melt-C-SiC system with large carbon source ${\beta}$-SiC formation mechanism could be divided into two stages depending on the reaction sintering time: in early stage of reaction sintering carbon dissolution in Si melt and precipitation of ${\beta}$-SiC was occurred preferentially and then SIC nucleation and growth was controlled by diffusion of carbon throughy the ${\beta}$-SiC layer formed on graphite particle. Furthmore a dissolution rate of graphite particles in Si melt could be accelerated by the infiltration of Si melt through basal plane of graphite crystalline.