• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

This paper presents the procedure to find the hysteresis loop of RC member using a modified strut-and-tie model. The forces and displacements at critical points, that are initial yielding point, target displacement point, unloading elastic limit, and reloading point after pinching, are investigated with the strut-and-tie models. Using bond-slip relationship, the elastic behavior of tie element is determined. The plastic flow behavior after flexural yielding is expressed by changing the location of longitudinal strut. Determination of pinching effect completes the initial hysteresis loop, assuming that the behavior of the opposite direction is symmetrical form.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.141-148
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• 1998

An analytical model which can simulate the post-cracking behavior of reinforced concrete structures subjected to in-plane shear and normal stresses is presented. Based on the force equilibriums, compatibility conditions, and bond stress-slip relationship between steel and concrete, a criterion to simulate consider the tension-stiffening effect is proposed. The material behavior of concrete is described by an orthotropic constitutive model, and focused on the tension-compression region with tension-stiffening and compression softening effects defining equivalent uniaxial relations in the axes of orthotropy. Correlation studies between analytical results and available experimental data are conducted with the objective to establish the validity of the proposed model.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.762-765
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• 2004

The main objective of this study is to provide a parametric evaluation of the pull-out response of steel fibers embedded in cementitious matrices. The various parameters controlling the behavior of the bond stress versus end slip relationship are analyzed; their effects on the entire pull-out load versus end slip response and the corresponding pull-out energy up to total pull-out are investigated. Also discussed are the effects of the fiber length, the water/binder ratio of the mixtures and embedded length.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.257-273
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• 2020

Concrete bond strength with steel re-bars depends on multiple factors including concrete-steel interface and mechanical properties of concrete. However, the hydration development of cementitious paste, and in turn the mechanical properties of concrete, are negatively affected by cold weather. This study aimed at exploring the concrete-steel bonding behavior in concrete cast and cured under freezing temperatures. Three concrete mixtures were cast and cured at -10 and -20℃. The mixtures were protected using conventional insulation blankets and a hybrid system consisting of insulation blankets and phase change materials. The mixtures comprised General Use cement, fly ash (20%), nano-silica (6%) and calcium nitrate-nitrite as a cold weather admixture system. The mixtures were tested in terms of internal temperature, compressive, tensile strengths, and modulus of elasticity. In addition, the bond strength between concrete and steel re-bars were evaluated by a pull-out test, while the quality of the interface between concrete and steel was assessed by thermal and microscopy studies. In addition, the internal heat evolution and force-slip relationship were modeled based on energy conservation and stress-strain relationships, respectively using three-dimensional (3D) finite-element software. The results showed the reliability of the proposed models to accurately predict concrete heat evolution as well as bond strength relative to experimental data. The hybrid protection system and nano-modified concrete mixtures produced good quality concrete-steel interface with adequate bond strength, without need for heating operations before casting and during curing under freezing temperatures down to -20℃.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.355-368
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• 1997

Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) rods are used as reinforcement (prestressed or not) to concrete. FRP composites can also be combined with steel to form hybrid reinforcing rods that take advantage of the properties of both materials. In order to effectively utilize these rods, their bond behavior with concrete must be understood. The objective of this study is to characterize and model the bond behavior of hybrid FRP rods made with epoxy-impregnated aramid or poly-vinyl alcohol FRP skins directly braided onto a steel core. The model closely examines the split failure of the concrete by quantifying the relationship between slip of the rods resulting transverse stress field in concrete. The model is used to derive coefficients of friction for these rods and, from these, their development length requirements. More testing is needed to confirm this model, but in the interim, it may serve as a design aide, allowing intelligent decisions regarding concrete cover and development length. As such, this model has helped to explain and predict some experimental data from concentric pull-out tests of hybrid FRP rods.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2019

철근 콘크리트 구조물에서 철근의 부식은 내구성 문제를 발생시키고 있으며, 이에 대한 대책의 하나로 에폭시 도막철근이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 에폭시 도막철근을 사용하는 경우 철근 부식에 대한 저항성능은 우수하나 철근에 에폭시 도막을 함으로써 콘크리트와의 부착력이 일반철근에 비하여 감소하는 단점이 있다. 따라서 부착성능에 대한 실험적인 확인이 필요하여 ACI 408R에서 제시하는 대표적인 실험 방법인 휨 부재를 통하여 부착거동을 연구할 수 있는 보-단부 test와 직접인발을 통해 부착 특성을 분석하는 Pullout test를 통하여 부착성능을 평가하였다. 에폭시 도막 철근의 부착실험은 휨 부재실험과 직접인발 실험 모두 지름 13, 19mm의 철근에 대한 콘크리트 도막두께를 철근 지름의 3배로 하여 수행되었다. 실험 결과 에폭시 도막철근의 부착강도는 철근의 지름이 증가할수록 에폭시 도막 철근과 일반철근의 부착강도차이가 증가하였고 파괴형상은 모두 뽑힘 파괴를 나타내었다. 또한, 직접인발시험으로 구한 부착-미끌림 관계에 근거하여 유한요소해석을 수행하고, 휨 실험결과와 비교하였다. 부착성능을 평가하는 방법으로 실제 구조물에 거동을 모사를 위해서 직접인발시험보다 휨 부재시험이 보다 유용한 것으로 사료된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.581-597
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• 2020

Light-Weight Concrete containing Expanded Poly-Styrene Beads (EPS-LWC) is an approved structural and non-structural material characterized by a considerably lower density and higher structural efficiency, compared to concrete containing ordinary aggregates. The experimental campaign carried out in this project provides new information on the mechanical properties of structural EPS-LWC, with reference to the strength and tension (by splitting and in bending), the modulus of elasticity, the stress-strain curve in unconfined compression, the absorbed energy under compression and reinforcement-concrete bond. The properties measured at seven ages since casting, from 3 days to 91 days, in order to investigate their in-time evolution. Mathematical relationships are formulated as well, between the previous properties and time, since casting. The dependence of the compressive strength on the other mechanical properties of EPS-LWC is also described through an empirical relationship, which is shown to fit satisfactorily the experimental results.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.267-274
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• 2001

In this paper, a analytical model which can simulate the post-cracking behavior and tension stiffening effect in a reinforced concrete(RC) tension member is proposed. Unlike the classical approaches using the bond stress-slip relationship or the assumed bond stress distribution, the tension stiffening effect at post-cracking stage is quantified on the basis of polynomial strain distribution functions of steel and concrete, and its contribution is implemented into the reinforcing steel. The introduced model can be effectively used in constructing the stress-strain curve of concrete at post-cracking stage, and the loads carried by concrete and by reinforcing steel along the member axis can be directly evaluated on the basis of the introduced model. In advance, the prediction of cracking loads and elongations of reinforced steel using the introduced model shows good agreements with results from previous analytical studies and experimental data.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.903-910
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• 2005

최근 철근콘크리트 구조물의 보강 방법으로 고인장강도를 갖는 섬유복합체를 부재의 외부에 부착시켜 휨 내력을 증진시키는 부착식 보강공법이 널리 사용되고 있으나, 부착되는 섬유복합체의 박리에 의한 파괴강도를 예측하여 설계식에 반영하기 위한 연구는 미흡한 것이 사실이다. 보강재의 박리에 의한 파괴는 부재 전체의 취성적인 파괴를 유도하게 되므로, 부재의 보강설계를 위해서는 이에 대한 검토가 필수적으로 요구되어 진다. 본 연구에서는 보강재의 부착강도에 큰 영향을 미치는 유효부착길이의 개념을 도입하여, 기존 연구 결과로부터 부재의 부착강도를 좌우하게 되는 유효부착길이를 산정 하였으며, 이와 같은 유효부착길이에 의한 보강재의 박리하중을 산정할 수 있는 설계식을 제안하였다. 제안된 설계식은 기존 연구자들의 실험 연구결과와 비교하여 그 신뢰성을 검증하도록 하였으며, 기존 연구자들의 제안식과의 비교를 통하여 본 제안식의 타당성을 증명하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권3_4호
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• pp.357-378
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• 2004

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete (RC) frame under earthquake loading is performed in this paper on the basis of a hysteretic moment-curvature relation. Unlike previous analytical moment-curvature relations which take into account the flexural deformation only with the perfect-bond assumption, by introducing an equivalent flexural stiffness, the proposed relation considers the rigid-body-motion due to anchorage slip at the fixed end, which accounts for more than 50% of the total deformation. The advantage of the proposed relation, compared with both the layered section approach and the multi-component model, may be the ease of its application to a complex structure composed of many elements and on the reduction in calculation time and memory space. Describing the structural response more exactly becomes possible through the use of curved unloading and reloading branches inferred from the stress-strain relation of steel and consideration of the pinching effect caused by axial force. Finally, the applicability of the proposed model to the nonlinear dynamic analysis of RC structures is established through correlation studies between analytical and experimental results.