• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2002

Data were collected from 1996 through 2000 on Korean Native Goats by the National Livestock Research Institute of Korea were used to estimate genetic parameters for birth, 3 month, and 6 month body weights. Estimates were obtained with MTDFREML. Model included animal and maternal genetic and residual effects. The model included sex, birth year-season, and feeding type as fixed factors. Average body weights and standard deviation were 1.78${\pm}$0.32 at birth of age, 7.99${\pm}$2.66 at 3 month of age, and 12.08${\pm}$3.20 kg at 6 month of age, respectively. Average body measurements were 36.46cm for withers height, 38.06cm for body length, and 45.56cm for heart girth at 3 month of age, and were 40.27cm for withers height, 42.01cm for body length, and 51.07cm for heart girth at 6 month of age, respectively. Estimates of heritability were 0.66 for birth weight, 0.34 for 3 month body weight, and 0.27 for 6 month body weight, respectively. Maternal effects would be important for birth and 3 month body weights and may not be needed in a model for 6 month body weight.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.637-648
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding garcinia cambogia extract (HCA) and/or L-carnitine and exercise (swimming) on body weight in rats. Forty-eight male rats (Charles River CD (SD) IGS) of eight weeks old and weighing $323.5\pm2.4g$ were raised for two months with high fat diet ($40\%$ fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats weighing $552.8\pm5.8g$ were blocked into eight groups according to body weight and raised for six weeks with diet containing HCA and/or L-carnitine. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein and albumin levels were in normal ranges. Food and calorie intakes of H + C and H + C/H groups were highest among non-exercise (m) groups and exercise (I) groups. Food and calorie intakes of m groups were higher than those of I groups. E groups showed significantly lower body weight gain and calorie efficiency ratio than m groups and H/E group was the lowest among all groups. Perirenal fat pad weights of E groups were lower than m groups, and epididymal fat pad weights of H and H + C groups were lower than CO and C groups among m groups regardless of exercise treatment. Brown adipose tissue weights of I groups were higher than fn groups and highest in H/E group among all groups. Liver citrate lyase activities of H and C groups were lower than CO and H + C groups regardless of exercise treatment. The differences between NE groups and E groups were not found to be significantly. Liver carnitine acyltranferase activity was not significantly different among all groups. Fecal total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions were found to be higher in H and H + C uoups compared to CO and C groups both in NE and E animals, those of lipid excretions of NE groups were higher than E groups. In conclusion, HCA was more effective in reduction of body weight and body fat than L-carnitine or HCA + L-carnitine. HCA ingestion with exercise was far more effective than without exercise treatment in reducing body weight and body fat.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 1973

In order to investigate the effect of sulfamonomethoxine on the thyroid gland, healthy mongrel dogs were selected at random. The body weights of these animals ranged between 1850 and 2050g at the beginning of the experiment. The 12 dogs used in this work were allotted to groups of two. Dogs in one group served as controls and the others were administered sulfamonomethoxine of 50 mg/kg/day for 15 weeks. The results obtained in this work were summerized as follows: 1. Mean body weights of experimental dogs revelled a slow increasing tendency but weights of thyroid glands were increased highly. 2. Thyroid follicles were atrophied significantly in accordance with experimental term and their colloidal substance was not found on stained sections. 3. It indicated the appearance of typical hyperplastic goiter. New follicular epithelial cells which were changed into hypertrophic cuboidal and columnar in type showed degeneration and necrosis and those cells multiplied difusely and made new small follicles.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.713-728
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• 2002

This study was performed to see effects of whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intakes on lipid metabolism during aging in old Sprague-Dawely male rats. One hundred twenty rats of 13 months old Sprague-Dawely were blocked into eight groups according to body weight and raised for 3, 5 or 7 months with diets containing 2% (w/w) dried powders of three different pars of grape and 0.02% (w/w) CdCl₂. Body weights of Cd groups were lower than Cd free groups. Kidney and spleen weights were incre ased with age, and EEP weights of Cd groups were lower than those of Cd free groups. Total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration in plasma increased with age. Whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intake lowered plasma total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, and especially grape pomace lowered them markedly. Whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intake decreased liver total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and increased fecal lipid excretion. Grape diets decreased and Cd administration increased TBARS concentration in LDL fraction. In conclusion, grape diets were effective in decreasing lipid levels of liver and plasma, TBARS in LDL, and in increasing HDL cholesterol. The grape pomace was most effective among three grape parts. It is plausible that grape might be recommended for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease and delaying aging. (Korean J Nutrition 35 (7): 713∼728, 2002)

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 1996

Oral application of dimethyl sulfoxide in different concentration (1, 3 and 5 percent) to silkworm, Bomyx mori at the fourth and the fifth instar has significantly increased the commercial characters such as larval and silkgland weights, female and male cocoon weights, their shell weights and egg production. However, larval duration, cocooning and hatching percentages did not showed any significant change, as compared with that of the corresponding parameters of the carrier control. Similarly the glycogen and protein contents of the fat body and trehalose and protein contents of the haemolymph were significantly increased in 1 and 3 percent, whereas the increase of them in 5 percent concentration did not take place significantly, except haemolymph trehalose where it was found to be significant, as compared with that of carrier control.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.181-185
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity of the bark of Diospyros kaki (Ebenaceae) in mice. The aqueous extract of the bark of Diospyros kaki (AEDK) was administered orally at a doses of 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2,000 mg/kg. In this study, number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and pathological examinations were investigated after administration of AEDK. There were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights during the experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and AEDK treated groups in clinical signs, organ weights and gross pathological findings. AEDK did not show any toxic effect in mice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the single oral dose toxicity of Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyinjianghuo-tang) and Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyinjianghuo-tang) fermented with Lactobacillus acidophyllus in male and female ICR mice. Methods : In this single oral toxicity study, non-fermented and fermented Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyinjianghuo-tang) were administered to male and female ICR mice as an oral dose of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. After single administration, body weight changes, general behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for 14 days. Serum chemistry, organ weights and necropsy findings were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results : There were no mortality or signs of toxicity for 14 days. There were also no significant differences in body weights, organ weights, or serum chemistry values between treatment and control groups. Conclusions : These results indicate that the 50% lethal dose of Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyinjianghuo-tang) fermented with Lactobacillus acipophullus may be over 2000 mg/kg. This finding can be expected to provide scientific evidence for the safety of Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyinjianghuo-tang) fermented with Lactobacillus acidophyllus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between body mass index and the food habits of college students. For this purpose, 1030 students of Seoul National University were asked to fill out the questionnaires for the food habit and weight control. Actual weights were also measured, on the spot. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Average height and weight were 173.15 cm, 63.83 kg for male, and 160.52 cm, 52.73 kg for females. The prevalence of underweight, normal and overweight was 32.3, 61.7, 5.5%, respectively. 2. Food habit scores of obese females were lower than normal or underweight females. Male subjects did not show significantly different scores among three groups. 3. Female obese subjects have lower scores than the other groups on the balanced intake of five basic food groups and on the regular meal intakes. Male obese subjects have cholesterol-rich food and animal fat more frequently than normal and underweight males. Male underweight subjects have lower food habit scores on the balanced intake of five basic food groups. 4. Males want to gain weight slightly and females want to lose 4.65 kg weight. All females want to lose weights. Obese males and females want to lose 10 kg weights.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.356-360
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• 2018

The fermentation of medicinal herbs facilitated by microbes is assumed to exert promising therapeutic efficacy on the absorption, bioavailability, and pharmacological effects by speeding up the making or conversion of active constituents into their metabolites. We examined the cardioprotective potential of fermented ginseng, GBCK25, against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic and functional illnesses as following the essential analysis such as electrocardiographic parameters, alterations of body and organ weights, and echocardiographic studies. The results exhibited that body weights were significantly reduced and the gain of different organ weights were partly eased by GBCK25 treatment. Echocardiography results proposed the amelioration of heart function through normalized levels of left ventricle systolic pressure, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening. These outcomes deliver straight confirmation that GBCK25 could be a potential nutraceutical source for the relief of HFD-induced obesity mediated cardiac dysfunctions.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2021

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism and puberty onset in female rat pups. To do this, we employed propylthiouracil (PTU) to prepare a hypothyroid rat model. Pregnant rats were treated with PTU (0.025%) in drinking water from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 21 of offspring. Comparison of general indices such as body and tissue weights and puberty indices such as vaginal opening (VO) and tissue histology between control and PTU-treated rats were conducted. There was no significant difference in the date of VO between control and PTU group. The body weights of the PTU group were significantly lower, only 36.8% of the control group (p<0.001). Although the absolute thyroid weight was not changed by PTU treatment, the relative weight increased significantly about 2.8 times (p<0.001), indicating that hypothyroidism was successfully induced. On the other hand, the absolute weights of the ovary and uterus were markedly decreased by PTU administration (p<0.001), and the relative weight was not significantly changed. The ovarian histology of PTU group revealed the advanced state of differentiation (i.e., presence of corpora lutea). Inversely, the uterine histology of PTU group showed underdeveloped structures compared those in control group. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that our maternal hypothyroidism model resulted in minimal effect on pubertal development symbolized by VO despite of huge retardation in somatic growth. More sophisticatedly designed hypothyroidism model will be helpful to achieve a better understanding of pubertal development and related disorders.