• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 1975

불의(不意)의 사고(事故)나 정상적(正常的)인 취사급식(炊事給食)이 불가능(不可能)한 상황(狀況)에 대비(對備)하여 휴대취식(携帶取食)할 수 있는 압착(壓搾) 농축식품(濃縮食品)을 시제(試製)하였다. 즉, 원료(原料)는 포도당 전분 쌀 보리 카세인소오다 분유 및 식물성식용유등(植物性食用油等)을 사용하였으며, 원료조성(原料組成)에 있어서 구급상황하(救急狀況下)에서 사용될 1,2형은 탄수화물(炭水化物)을 주(主)로 하되 적량(適量)의 단백질(蛋白質)과 지방(脂肪)을 배합(配合)함으로서 체내수분(體內水分)을 절약(節約)할 수 있도록 조정하였다. 이들 시제품의 용적을 축소하기위하여 $4,000{\sim}7,000psi$ 로 압착성형 하였으며, 특히 3,4형은 결착제 로서 카세인소오다를 사용함으로써 취식성(取食性)을 개선(改善)하였다. 또한 제품(製品)의 파손율(破損率)을 줄이고 저장성(貯藏性)을 높이기 위하여 피막제(被膜劑)로 제품표면을 피막(被膜)하였다. 이와같이 만든 제품(製品)은 g 당 열량(熱量)이 $4.0{\sim}4.4Cal$, $1cm^3$ 당 $4.2{\sim}4.9\;Cal$ 이었으며 다소 딱딱한 감이 있기는 하나 휴대 취식성이 좋았다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1417-1424
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• 2014

This study is supposed to offer data related to whether circulation training(aerobic and anaerobic exercise) focused on overweight women has positive effects on reducing fat and increasing muscles for middle-aged women. This study aims to investigate how the circulation training effect overweight middle-aged women's female hormone, blood lipid, which offers basic data of exercise program to keep the overweight middle-aged women healthy. Participants for the study are 30 to 45-year-women who were willing to take part in a M Sports Diet Program in G gu, B metropolitan city, did not have any disease. They were 29 overweight women and showed more than 30% of body fat percentage. Female hormone, blood lipid were measured twice before and in 12 weeks after exercise. The results obtained from this study are given as in the following. Although estrogen has significantly increased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. After 12-weeks-circulation training, even though there were no meaningful differences. before the training, the circulation training group was significantly higher than the control group. Although TC has significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group. Even though TG was no significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no significantly difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group. Even though HDL-C has significantly increased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly higher than the control group. Even though LDL-C has significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no significantly difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.362-372
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• 2021

The present study was undertaken to investigate the quality characteristics of Korean Woori black pig (KWP) bellies and loins by different slaughter weight (SW) groups. The loin and belly samples collected from KWPs with different body weights (50, 75, 90, 105, and 120 kg) at 24 h post-mortem were used in the present investigation. The samples were analyzed for quality traits, fatty acid profiles, and volatile flavor compounds. Results showed that the fat content of the loin (8.64%) and belly samples (46.78%) was significantly higher in the 120 kg SW group compared to those of other SW groups (p<0.05). However, a lower protein content (12.20-12.67%) was found in the belly cuts of the heavier SW groups (105-120 kg) compared to those of the lighter SW groups (p<0.05). The lowest cooking loss (24.34%) was found in the loin cuts of the 120 kg SW group (p<0.05). Both the loin and belly cuts were observed to be redder in color with increasing SW (p<0.05). Higher oleic acid (C18:1, n9) and total monounsaturated fatty acid content and lower linolenic acid(C18:3, n3) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid content were observed in both cuts of the 120 kg SW group (p<0.05). Out of the flavor compounds identified, 11 and 17 compounds in the loin and belly, respectively, were associated with the SW. An increase in the SW resulted in increased concentrations of C18:1n9- and amino acid-derived flavor compounds. Overall, the meat samples of the heavier SW groups (120 kg) exhibited better quality and higher concentrations of volatile compounds associated with pleasant flavors. However, the meat of the 120 kg SW group also contained a much higher fat level (8.64 and 46.78% in the loin and belly, respectively) that may result in high trimming loss and hence a high rejection risk by consumers.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.384-395
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel formulation of an herbal extracts has an inhibitory effect on obesity. To determine its anti-obesity effects, we performed anti-obesity-related experiments in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of herbal extracts using a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and 3T3-L1 adipose cells. The effects of each herbal extracts on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined using Oil Red O staining. Results showed that treatment with each herbal extracts at $10{\sim}100{\mu}g/ml$ had no effect on cell morphology and viability. Without evidence of toxicity, herbal extracts treatment decreased lipid accumulation compared with the untreated adipocytes controls as shown by the lower absorbance of Oil Red O stain. Futhermore, compared with control-differentiated mature adipocytes, each herbal extracts significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the HFD-fed obese mice, body weight, liver weight and white adipose tissue weights were significantly reduced by mixture of herbal extracts administration in mouse skin. Futhermore, we found that mixture of herbal extracts administration suppressed serum triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TCHO) in HFD-induced obese mouse model. The mixture of herbal extracts of permeability was estimated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value in pig skin. The optimized formulations of herbal extracts (Test 3 formulation) showed skin permeation. However, test 1 formulation containing essential oil as enhancer showed maximum skin permeation. After confirming the enhanced skin permeability, in vivo studies were performed to assess whether skin irritation potential on the basis of a primary irritation index (PII) in rabbit skin. Reactions were scored for erythema/edema reactions at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-application. It was concluded that the test 1 formulation was not irritation (PII = 0). The present study suggests that the test 1 formulation might be of therapeutic interest with respect to the treatment of obesity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2019

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed intake restriction during late pregnancy on the function, anti-oxidation capability and acute phase protein synthesis of ovine liver. Methods: Eighteen time-mated ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d), n = 6) and a control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d, n = 6). The feed restriction period was from 90 days to 140 days of pregnancy. Results: The ewe's body weight, liver weights, water, and protein content of liver in the restricted groups were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05), but the liver fat contents in the RG1 group were higher than those of the CG group (p<0.05). The increased hepatic collagen fibers and reticular fibers were observed in the restricted groups with the reduction of energy intake. The concentrations of nonesterified free fatty acids in the RG1 and RG2 groups were higher than those of the CG group with the reduction of energy intake (p<0.05), but there were decreased concentrations of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in both restricted groups compared with the CG group (p<0.05). In addition, the increased concentrations of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase activity and catalase were found in the RG1 group, and the concentrations of cholinesterase in the RG1 group were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05). For the concentrations of acute phase proteins, the C-reactive protein (CRP) in the RG1 group were reduced compared with the CG group, but there were no differences in haptoglobin relative to the controls (p>0.05). Conclusion: The fat accumulation, increased hepatic fibrosis, antioxidant imbalance and modified synthesis of acute phase proteins were induced in ewe's liver by maternal malnutrition during late pregnancy, which were detrimental for liver function to accommodate pregnancy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and crude protein (CP) levels on reproductive performance, litter performance, milk quality, and blood profiles in gestating sows. A total of 59 multiparous sows (Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace) with similar body weights (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and parity were assigned to one of six treatments with 9 or 10 sows per treatment using a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement and completely randomized design. The first factor was two levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) density (13.40 or 13.82 MJ/kg) and the second factor was three dietary protein levels based from 35 day in gestating phases (10.5%, 12%, and 13.5%). Backfat thickness change in lactating sows decreased linearly as CP level increased (p = 0.03). Increased energy level in the gestating sow diet tended to increase the total number of piglets born (p = 0.07), but piglet weight decreased (p = 0.02). Dietary CP level had a negative effect on colostrum quality. Casein, protein, total solid, and solids-not-fat concentrations decreased linearly and lactose level increased linearly as CP level in the gestating sow diet increased (casein%: p = 0.03; protein%: p = 0.04; lactose%: p = 0.06; total solids: p = 0.03; solid-not-fat: p = 0.03, respectively). However, improving ME by 0.42 MJ/kg had no significant effect on the chemical composition of sow colostrum. There were no significant differences in blood glucose concentration in gestating sows when sows were fed different levels of energy during gestation, but blood glucose increased at 21 day of lactation when energy increased by 0.42 MJ/kg (p = 0.04). Blood urea nitrogen concentration increased linearly when dietary CP levels increased at 110 day in gestation, 24-hours postpartum, and 21 days of lactation (linear, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively), and it also increased when dietary energy increased at 110 days of gestation and 24-hours postpartum (p < 0.01, and p < 0.01, respectively). A gestating sow diet containing 13.82 MJ/kg ME and 10.5% CP can improve reproductive performance, litter performance, and colostrum quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.585-591
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• 2019

Objective: This study investigated carcass characteristics and meat quality of purebred Pakchong 5, crossbred pigs sired by Pakchong 5, and crossbred pigs sired by Duroc. Methods: Forty-eight pigs (average body weight of 22.25 kg) were composed of three groups as purebred Pakchong 5 (PP), Large $White{\times}Landrace$ pigs sired by Pakchong 5 (LWLRP), and Large $White{\times}Landrace$ pigs sired by Duroc (LWLRD). Each group consisted of eight gilts and eight barrows. At 109-day-raising period, pigs were slaughtered, and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles from left side of carcasses were evaluated for meat quality and chemical composition. Data were analyzed using general linear model procedure, where group, sex, and their interaction were included in the model. Results: The PP had greater carcass, total lean, and ham percentages than crossbred pigs (p<0.05). LWLRP had thicker backfat and more carcass fat percentage than LWLRD (p<0.05). There were no differences (p>0.05) on cutting percentages from tender loin, loin, boston butt, and picnic shoulder among groups. The PP and LWLRP had larger loin eye area (LEA) than LWLRD (p<0.05). Gilts had more loin percentage and lower $L^*$ value than barrows (p<0.05). No meat color parameters ($L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$) were affected by groups (p>0.05). PP and LWLRP had larger muscle fiber diameters than LWLRD (p<0.05). However, water holding capacity, Warner-Bratzler shear force values, and chemical composition of LT were not affected by group or sex (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pakchong 5 purebred has good carcass and lean percentages. Compared to Duroc crossbred pigs, Pakchong 5 crossbreds have similar carcass and lean percentages, larger LEA, and slightly more carcass fat, with comparable meat quality and chemical composition. Pakchong 5 boars are more affordable for very small- to medium-scale pig producers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1008-1017
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different fattening periods on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and economic traits of Holstein steers. Sixty Holstein steers (8.0 ± 0.28 months old) with an average body weight (BW) of 231.88 ± 2.61 kg, were randomly allocated to five different fattening period treatments: 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 months (n = 12 in each treatment group). Final BW and average daily gain (ADG) did not differ among the treatment groups during the early fattening period. At the late stage of the fattening period, the final BW of steers in the 24-month treatment group (812.84 kg) was greater (p < 0.05) than that of steers in the 20-month treatment group (750.39 kg). During the same period, steers in the 20- and 21-month treatment groups had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) ADG than those in the 22-month treatment group. The highest ADG (1.36 kg/day) was found in the 20-month treatment group (1.36), followed by the 21- (1.33 kg/day), 22- (1.22 kg/day), 23- (1.21 kg/day), and 24- (1.14 kg/day) month treatment groups. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased as the fattening period increased, and the FCR was 12.88% lower in the 20-month treatment group than in the 24-month treatment group. However, no significant differences were detected in back-fat thickness, loin area, marbling score, and chemical characteristics (water, crude protein, and crude fat content) among the treatment groups. The composition of fatty acids including C18:0, C18:1, saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids did not differ among the experimental groups. As the fattening period increased, production costs increased, resulting in a decrease in gross income. The gross income for steers in the 24-month treatment group was 35.8% and 23.5% lower than that for steers in the 20- and 21-month treatment groups, respectively. Taken together, the best performance, including the ADG, FCR, and gross income, was obtained when the fattening program of the Holstein steers lasted 20 months.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

Objectives : AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key metabolic regulator that reduces lipogenesis. AMPK is mainly activated via phosphorylation of liver kinase B (LKB) 1 under energy stress. Here, we highlighted the anti-obesity effect and underlying mechanism of Coix lacryma-jobi var. mayuen Stapf sprout water extract (CSW) sprout extract in connection with the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Methods : C57BL/6 mice (20~25 g) fed HFD to induce obesity and at the same time administered CSW 100 mg/kg (CSWL; (CSWL; CSW low concentration) or CSW 200 mg/kg (CSWH; CSW high concentration) or Garcinia extract (Garcinia) 200 mg/kg orally for 6 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured at the same time each day. After 6 weeks of CSW administration, liver tissue and serum were obtained through an autopsy. After the end of the experiment, biochemical analysis (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) was performed on the serum. And then, protein levels related to TG and TC synthesis were measured through western blot analysis in liver tissue. Results : As a result, serum TG, TC, and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the control group and significantly decreased in the CSW administration group. On the other hand, the HDL-cholesterol level was increased in the CSW-administered group. And as a result of Western blot analysis, CSW significantly increased the phosphorylation of LKB1 & AMPK, and remarkably decreased the expression of factors related to TG and TC synthesis. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that CSW influences the TG and TC synthesis to positively affect HFD-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2023

근감소증은 국내는 2021년 질병으로 분류되었을 만큼 잘 알려져 있지 않지만 고령화사회에 진입한 선진국에서는 사회적 문제로 인식하고 있다. 근감소증 진단은 유럽노인근감소증 진단그룹(EWGSOP)과 아시아근감소증진단그룹(AWGS)에서 제시하는 국제표준지침을 따른다. 최근 진단방법으로 절대적 근육량 이외에 신체수행평가로 보행속도 측정과 일어서기 검사 등을 통하여 근육 기능을 함께 측정할 것을 권고하고 있다. 근육량을 측정하기 위한 대표적인 방법으로 DEXA를 이용한 체성분 분석 방법이 임상에서 정식으로 실시하고 있다. 또한 MRI 또는 CT의 복부 영상을 이용하여 근육량을 측정하는 다양한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 근감소증 진단을 위해서 비교적 짧은 촬영시간을 갖는 CT의 복부영상기반으로 AI 영상 분할 모델을 개발하고 다기관 검증한 내용을 기술한다. 우리는 CT 영상 중에 요추의 L3 영역을 분류하여 피하지방, 내장지방, 근육을 자동으로 분할할 수 있는 인공지능 모델을 U-Net 모델을 사용하여 개발하였다. 또한 모델의 성능평가를 위해서 분할영역의 IOU(Intersection over Union)를 계산하여 내부검증을 진행했으며, 타 병원의 데이터를 활용하여 동일한 IOU 방법으로 외부검증을 진행한 결과를 보인다. 검증 결과를 토대로 문제점과 해결방안에 대해서 검증하고 보완하고자 했다.