• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.2 s.98
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• pp.79-91
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• 2002

A time variable modeling study was performed for seasonal variations of vertical temperature profiles in the Okjung Lake located in upstream of the Sumjin River. Based on the model structure of the US Army Corps of Engineer's CE-QUAL-W2, the lake was divided into 3 branches, 50 longitudinal segments and 49 vertical layers and vertical profiles of water temperature and current velocity were simulated over one year. The model results were calibrated and verified against vertical profiles of water temperature measured every month from March 1998 to February 1999 at 5 different locations. The model results showed a good agreement with the field measurements. The hydrologic balance during this period was validated by comparing the simulated values of surface elevation level with the measured data. There was some discrepancy in July data between the model results and the fleld measurements. This could be attributed partially to the inadequacy of the model to the highly hydrodynamic nature of water body and partially to the lack of accuracy in local atmospheric temperature data during summer monsoon period. The model results have shown that there was no seasonal over-turn in most part of the Okjung Lake, where water temperature maintained above $4^{\circ}C$ over one year. In the upstream shal-low area (depth<20 meter), however, temperature at surface layer fell below $4^{\circ}C$ and water was frozen such that slight over-turn would occur during winter period. From this study, we concluded that the Okjung Lake is oligomictic. This conclusionis significantly different from the general pattern that the lakes located from $20^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$ latitude would be warm monomictic. From the examination of simulated current velocity distribution, it was found that the upstream inflows would infiltrate into mesolimnion of the lake during hydrodynamic summer monsoon periods due to the thermal density of water.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2013

Objectives : Many studies have investigated the electric specificity of meridian and acupoint. However, the definition about the real substance of 'Ki(Qi)' that flows in the meridian has not been established yet. The authors hypothesized that the 'Ki(Qi)' may be the very 'bioelectricity' of western medicine, from two common features that they are not visible with naked eyes and that they function in the living body only. Methods : 20 healthy adults participated in this study. Heart rate was measured before and after exercise. Acupuncture was performed at PC6 immediately after exercise with counter balance in the first experiment. In the second experiment, acupuncture group was further divided to the three groups, i.e. glove acupuncture group, manual acupuncture group, and NaCl acupuncture group. In the glove group, acupuncturist put on the two folds of latex gloves to block bioelectric currents between the acupuncturist and subject. In the NaCl group, acupuncturist had his fingertips wet with NaCl solution. Results : Exercise increased Heart Rate and acupuncture at PC6 inhibited this increase. In the second experiment, the significant difference compared to the comtrol group was the most in NaCl acupuncture and the least in Glove acupuncture. However, there was no significant difference between three groups. Conclusions : The results of this study seem to be deficient as a conclusive evidence for the hypothesis that the 'Ki(Qi)' of Korean Medicine is the 'bioelectricity' of western medicine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2001

Milk constituents and somatic cell count (SCC) were analysed for 4,059 milk samples from 178 dairy farms from April to December in 1999. Correlations among each milk constituents, milk urea (MU) concentration and SCC in association with lactation stage, milk yield and parity, and balancing status of nutrients' supplies were analysed, and the results are summarized as follows; Averages of milk fat percent, total solids percent and milk yield were $3.72{\pm}0.91%$, $12.50{\pm}1.31%$ and $23.80{\pm}8.54kg$, respectively, whereas those were significantly lower during the summer season. In contrast, average of MU concentration was $0.0361{\pm}0.0006%$ which was significantly higher during the summer season. With milk yield, concentrations of fat, protein and SCC in milk decreased but concentrations of lactose and urea in milk and body condition score (BCS) were not altered. Concentrations of fat, protein, lactose, total solids, SNF, and urea in milk were significantly affected by stage of lactation ($P{\leq}0.0001$) but SCC was not changed. Parity of dairy cows had a significant effect on concentrations of fat ($P{\leq}0.02$), lactose ($P{\leq}0.0001$), total solids ($P{\leq}0.002$), and SNF ($P{\leq}0.0001$) in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0005$) but did not change concentrations of urea and protein in milk. Somatic cell count had significant positive correlationship with percentages of fat, protein and total solids ($P{\leq}0.0001$), respectively, but had negative correlationship with percentages of urea and lactose in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0001$). Milk urea concentration was negatively correlated with concentrations of protein, fat, total solids, and SNF in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0001$) and, according to regression analysis using milk urea concentration and SCC, following equation was obtained; $Y(MU)=3.688{\times}10^{-2}-4.04{\times}10^{-7}{\times}X(SCC{\times}1,000)(r^2=0.0038$, $P{\leq}0.0001$). We studied balance between protein and energy supplies to dairy cows in each farm based upon milk urea and protein concentrations, and results showed that 137 of total 178 farms fed cows unbalanced amounts of dietary protein and energy.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.297-309
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• 2009

The study analyzed the mechanism of plantar foot pressure distribution during pitching wedge swinging on a flat, an up hill lie and a down hill lie to provide the fundamental information regarding biomechanical motion data by using plantar foot pressure measuring instrument. In the results, time factor spanning according to slope differences, plantar foot pressure factor and swing motion on the slope could have negative effect on the coiling of lower limbs during back swing, as well as the blocking of the lower limbs to minimize the dispersion of the weight and the release of the lower limbs after the impact during the down swing process. Moreover, since slope is one of many external factors affecting swing motion, address motion on an up hill lie limits the lower limbs movement, therefore, a relatively narrow stance is better on a down hill lie. It is estimated that a relatively wide stance would be better in order to limit the bigger activation of the lower limbs. Not only for the address motion but also during the down swing on an up hill lie it is concluded that the weight should be on the left foot in order to keep the body balance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.538-545
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• 1991

This study measured the daily intake and excretion of sodium and potassium of eight 20-26years old college men during four weeks by means of analyzing their food intake, urine and feces, keeping their normal living pattern and body weight. This study also compared the actual measurement value of sodium and potassium intake by atomic absorption spectrophotometer with the conversion value of them by food table. The results are as follows ; Daily mean sodium intakes conversed ($2.36{\pm}0.03g/day$) was about 63% lower than those intakes meansured($6.36{\pm}0.13g/day$). Daily mean potassium intakes conversed($1.71{\pm}0.03g/day$) was not different of sodium and potassium were $5.49{\pm}0.19g/day\;and\;1.33{\pm}0.08g/day$, respectively. Daily mean fecal excretions of sodium and potassium were $0.24{\pm}0.02g/day\;and\;0.45{\pm}0.03g/day$, respectively. Mean prooportion of Na/K in urine was $4.3{\pm}0.1$.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

In the clinical setting, the pressure bio-feedback device is used for the spinal rehabilitation of patients with back pain, but it has several disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to develop a digitalized pressure biofeedback system that provides precise exercise method and posture in real time during the spinal rehabilitation exercise by sensing and monitoring body movements and balance of users and providing biofeedback to users. After that, the usability testing for a digitalized pressure biofeedback system will be conducted to identify problems such as safety, performance, operability, and satisfaction, and suggest improvement directions. A total of 33 subjects were participated in the usability testing. The experts group and the users group evaluated the developed digitalized pressure biofeedback system on a scale of 5 points after using the equipment. In the user group, safety was 3.59, operability was 4.38, satisfaction was 4.49. In the expert group, safety was 2.86, operability was 3.91, and performance was 4.28. Based on the usability evaluation, if the problems of stability of the cradle for tablet PC, air injection, screen display, etc. are solved, it becomes a exercise device capable of accurately exercising and evaluating the function of the spine by checking its own motion state while the spinal stabilization exercise.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2011

Probiotics have many effects such as antihypertensive, prevention of cancer, antioxidation, reduction of dermatitis symptoms, improvement of mineral absorption, reduction of allergic symptoms, and decrease of cholesterol, However, the main role of probiotics is that they balance intestinal microbials proportion. L. acidophilus is one of probiotics and microflora in intestine. It has an acidification activity, aroma production, texture formation and probiotics properties. We studied on the roles of L. acidophilus in mice. In this study, body weights of mice were decreased when administration of L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU) and swimming ability has been raised than a normal group after feeding on L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU). After taking L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU), total white cells were increased than a normal group; hemoglobin and thrombocytes were increased. The level of cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased in blood analysis. We knew L. acidophilus is related to innate immune system. We found out the secretion of cationic peptide was increased in the Lysoplate assays as a result of L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU) administration. Appearance rate of lysozyme was also increased than the normal group on an immunohistochemistry stain. We confirmed L. acidophilus contributes to host health through innate immune system stimulation. L. acidophilus more than $1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU are thought to be beneficial for the host health and prevention of intestinal diseases in field condition.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

An advancing cutting roof for gob-side entry retaining with no-pillar mining under specific geological conditions is more conducive to the safe and efficient production in a coalmine. This method is being promoted for use in a large number of coalmines because it has many advantages compared to the retaining method with an artificial filling wall as the gateway side filling body. In order to observe the inner structure of the gateway cutting roof and understand its stability mechanism, an equivalent material simulation experiment for a coalmine with complex geological conditions was carried out in this study. The results show that a "self-stabilization bearing structure" equilibrium model was found after the cutting roof caving when the cut line deviation angle was unequal to zero and the cut height was greater than the mining height, and the caving roof rock was hard without damage. The model showed that its stability was mainly controlled by two key blocks. Furthermore, in order to determine the optimal parameters of the cut height and the cut line deviation angle for the cutting roof of the retaining gateway, an in-depth analysis with theoretical mechanics and mine rock mechanics of the model was performed, and the relationship between the roof balance control force and the cut height and cut line deviation angle was solved. It was found that the selection of the values of the cut height and the cut line deviation angle had to conform to a certain principle that it should not only utilize the support force provided by the coal wall and the contact surface of the two key blocks but also prevent the failure of the coal wall and the contact surface.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2015

The trade balance for the information and communications technology (ICT) industries in 2014 have reached 863 hundred million dollars as the main export products such as smart phone and semi-conductor increase, since the ICT industries have played an important role in economic growth in Korea. Until now, the consistent supporting of government and investment of company have been doing with the growth of ICT industries, as a result, Korea marked as the first in the UN electronic government preparing index, and rank 12 in the network preparing index through the policy of national information and basic plan of inter-industry convergence. However, as the unstable international economic circumstances, ICT industries is faced with the stagnation, and then preemptive development of products and services for ICT convergence industries is needed to continually get definite ICT Korea image. In this paper, the ICT convergence industry is analyzed and forecasted. In specific, the international and domestic market for cloud, 3D convergence, and internet of things is diagnosed. The market for ICT convergence industries is predicted to be 3.6 trillion dollar in the world, and 110 trillion won in domestic. From the analytical results for technology and services development, the preemptive supporting of the technology development and policy for the internet of things and 3D convergence industries is required. In addition to, through the future forecasting by socio-tech matrix method, the policy supporting for the ICT convergence area of healthcare, fintech, artificial intelligence, body platform, and human security is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 1999

Human being can be defined in several ways. These are biological, psychological, social and religious, ethical and philosophical aspects. The first two viewpoints refers to the intrapersonal aspects and the last two viewpoints deals with the interpersonal aspects. There have been numerous thoeries and hypotheses to explain the human behavior and psychopathology, but the author does not find any theory or hypothesis to integrate the biological and psychological viewpoints. In addition, The author does not find any theory to integrate the intrapersonal and interpersonal aspects in interpersonal relationships. Thus, the author proposed one model to explain the human behavior. In proposing this theory, the author has the following hypotheses：1) All human being can not exist by oneself. 2) The ultimate goal of all human being is to achieve 'Survival'. 3) There are four kinds of survivals and they are biological, psychological, social and religious, ethical and philosophical survivals. 4) Power and control are two prerequisites for survival and there are four kinds of power and control. 5) The four elements of power and control are biological, psychological, internal and external ones. 6) The conflict between buman being can also be explained in terms of power, control and survival. 7) Normality and abnormality of human behavior can be explained in terms of the harmony and balance among the powers and controls.